The Experts below are selected from a list of 64122 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mark C Leake - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from animaculum to single molecules 300 years of the light microscope
arXiv: Biological Physics, 2015Co-Authors: Adam J M Wollman, Richard Nudd, Erik G Hedlund, Mark C LeakeAbstract:Although not laying claim to being the inventor of the light microscope, Antonj van Leeuwenhoek, (1632-1723) was arguably the first person to bring this new technological wonder of the age properly to the attention of Natural Scientists interested in the study of living things (people we might now term biologists). He was a Dutch draper with no formal scientific training. From using magnifying glasses to observe threads in cloth, he went on to develop over 500 simple single lens microscopes with which he used to observe many different biological samples. He communicated his finding to the Royal Society in a series of letters including the one republished in this edition of Open Biology. Our review here begins with the work of van Leeuwenhoek before summarising the key developments over the last ca. 300 years which has seen the light microscope evolve from a simple single lens device of van Leeuwenhoek's day into an instrument capable of observing the dynamics of single biological molecules inside living cells, and to tracking every cell nucleus in the development of whole embryos and plants.
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from animaculum to single molecules 300 years of the light microscope
Open Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Adam J M Wollman, Richard Nudd, Erik G Hedlund, Mark C LeakeAbstract:Although not laying claim to being the inventor of the light microscope, Antonj van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) was arguably the first person to bring this new technological wonder of the age properly to the attention of Natural Scientists interested in the study of living things (people we might now term 'biologists'). He was a Dutch draper with no formal scientific training. From using magnifying glasses to observe threads in cloth, he went on to develop over 500 simple single lens microscopes (Baker & Leeuwenhoek 1739 Phil. Trans. 41, 503-519. (doi:10.1098/rstl.1739.0085)) which he used to observe many different biological samples. He communicated his finding to the Royal Society in a series of letters (Leeuwenhoek 1800 The select works of Antony Van Leeuwenhoek, containing his microscopical discoveries in many of the works of nature, vol. 1) including the one republished in this edition of Open Biology. Our review here begins with the work of van Leeuwenhoek before summarizing the key developments over the last ca 300 years, which has seen the light microscope evolve from a simple single lens device of van Leeuwenhoek's day into an instrument capable of observing the dynamics of single biological molecules inside living cells, and to tracking every cell nucleus in the development of whole embryos and plants.
Deborah Blackman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a guide to understanding social science research for Natural Scientists
Conservation Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Katie Moon, Deborah BlackmanAbstract:Natural Scientists are increasingly interested in social research because they recognize that con- servation problems are commonly social problems. Interpreting social research, however, requires at least a basic understanding of the philosophical principles and theoretical assumptions of the discipline, which are embedded in the design of social research. Natural Scientists who engage in social science but are unfamiliar with these principles and assumptions can misinterpret their results. We developed a guide to assist Natural Scientists in understanding the philosophical basis of social science to support the meaningful interpretation of social research outcomes. The 3 fundamental elements of research are ontology, what exists in the human world that researchers can acquire knowledge about; epistemology, how knowledge is created; and philosophical perspective, the philosophical orientation of the researcher that guides her or his action. Many elements of the guide also apply to the Natural sciences. Natural Scientists can use the guide to assist them in interpreting social science research to determine how the ontological position of the researcher can influence the nature of the research; how the epistemological position can be used to support the legitimacy of different types of knowledge; and how philosophical perspective can shape the researcher's choice of methods and affect interpretation, communication, and application of results. The use of this guide can also support and promote the effective integration of the Natural and social sciences to generate more insightful and relevant conservation research outcomes.
Lisa M. Campbell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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challenges to interdisciplinary research in ecosystem based management
Conservation Biology, 2012Co-Authors: Leila Sievanen, Lisa M. Campbell, Heather M LeslieAbstract:Despite its necessity, integration of Natural and social sciences to inform conservation efforts has been difficult. We examined the views of 63 Scientists and practitioners involved in marine management in Mexico's Gulf of California, the central California coast, and the western Pacific on the challenges associated with integrating social science into research efforts that support ecosystem-based management (EBM) in marine systems. We used a semistructured interview format. Questions focused on how EBM was developed for these sites and how contextual factors affected its development and outcomes. Many of the traditional challenges linked with interdisciplinary research were present in the EBM projects we studied. However, a number of contextual elements affected how mandates to include social science were interpreted and implemented as well as how easily challenges could be addressed. For example, a common challenge is that conservation organizations are often dominated by Natural Scientists, but for some projects it was easier to address this imbalance than for others. We also found that the management and institutional histories that came before EBM in specific cases were important features of local context. Because challenges differed among cases, we believe resolving challenges to interdisciplinary research should be context specific.
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overcoming obstacles to interdisciplinary research
Conservation Biology, 2005Co-Authors: Lisa M. CampbellAbstract:Mascia et al.’s (2003) call for increased interdisciplinary approaches to conservation and Thornhill’s (2003) response detailing activities of the Society for Conservation Biology reflect an evolution in thinking about environmental problems. We have moved beyond Hilborn and Ludwig’s (1993) call to consider the human context of such problems to addressing them in an interdisciplinary manner and training researchers to do this (Zarin et al. 2003). I fully support efforts to make conservation research, work, and training more interdisciplinary. I believe interdisciplinary approaches are critical for successful conservation and find collaborations personally and professionally rewarding (Campbell 2003). Participants approaching an interdisciplinary collaboration for the first time, however, must recognize potential obstacles from the outset, not the least of which are “obstructive misconceptions or prejudices [that social and Natural Scientists have] about each other” (Redclift 1998:179). I have written about the challenges of doing social science research in the biologist-dominated field of sea turtle conservation (Campbell 2003). Here, I outline some practical and philosophical obstacles to interdisciplinary research in general, offer illustrative examples from my own experience, and make some suggestions for overcoming them. Many suggestions are directed at conservation biologists, because they are the primary audience for this journal, but are relevant for all participants in an interdisciplinary undertaking. Mascia et al. (2003) address professional societies, conservation organizations, and teaching in the academy. Here, I focus on interdisciplinary research and publishing.
Adam J M Wollman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from animaculum to single molecules 300 years of the light microscope
arXiv: Biological Physics, 2015Co-Authors: Adam J M Wollman, Richard Nudd, Erik G Hedlund, Mark C LeakeAbstract:Although not laying claim to being the inventor of the light microscope, Antonj van Leeuwenhoek, (1632-1723) was arguably the first person to bring this new technological wonder of the age properly to the attention of Natural Scientists interested in the study of living things (people we might now term biologists). He was a Dutch draper with no formal scientific training. From using magnifying glasses to observe threads in cloth, he went on to develop over 500 simple single lens microscopes with which he used to observe many different biological samples. He communicated his finding to the Royal Society in a series of letters including the one republished in this edition of Open Biology. Our review here begins with the work of van Leeuwenhoek before summarising the key developments over the last ca. 300 years which has seen the light microscope evolve from a simple single lens device of van Leeuwenhoek's day into an instrument capable of observing the dynamics of single biological molecules inside living cells, and to tracking every cell nucleus in the development of whole embryos and plants.
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from animaculum to single molecules 300 years of the light microscope
Open Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Adam J M Wollman, Richard Nudd, Erik G Hedlund, Mark C LeakeAbstract:Although not laying claim to being the inventor of the light microscope, Antonj van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) was arguably the first person to bring this new technological wonder of the age properly to the attention of Natural Scientists interested in the study of living things (people we might now term 'biologists'). He was a Dutch draper with no formal scientific training. From using magnifying glasses to observe threads in cloth, he went on to develop over 500 simple single lens microscopes (Baker & Leeuwenhoek 1739 Phil. Trans. 41, 503-519. (doi:10.1098/rstl.1739.0085)) which he used to observe many different biological samples. He communicated his finding to the Royal Society in a series of letters (Leeuwenhoek 1800 The select works of Antony Van Leeuwenhoek, containing his microscopical discoveries in many of the works of nature, vol. 1) including the one republished in this edition of Open Biology. Our review here begins with the work of van Leeuwenhoek before summarizing the key developments over the last ca 300 years, which has seen the light microscope evolve from a simple single lens device of van Leeuwenhoek's day into an instrument capable of observing the dynamics of single biological molecules inside living cells, and to tracking every cell nucleus in the development of whole embryos and plants.
Katie Moon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a guide to understanding social science research for Natural Scientists
Conservation Biology, 2014Co-Authors: Katie Moon, Deborah BlackmanAbstract:Natural Scientists are increasingly interested in social research because they recognize that con- servation problems are commonly social problems. Interpreting social research, however, requires at least a basic understanding of the philosophical principles and theoretical assumptions of the discipline, which are embedded in the design of social research. Natural Scientists who engage in social science but are unfamiliar with these principles and assumptions can misinterpret their results. We developed a guide to assist Natural Scientists in understanding the philosophical basis of social science to support the meaningful interpretation of social research outcomes. The 3 fundamental elements of research are ontology, what exists in the human world that researchers can acquire knowledge about; epistemology, how knowledge is created; and philosophical perspective, the philosophical orientation of the researcher that guides her or his action. Many elements of the guide also apply to the Natural sciences. Natural Scientists can use the guide to assist them in interpreting social science research to determine how the ontological position of the researcher can influence the nature of the research; how the epistemological position can be used to support the legitimacy of different types of knowledge; and how philosophical perspective can shape the researcher's choice of methods and affect interpretation, communication, and application of results. The use of this guide can also support and promote the effective integration of the Natural and social sciences to generate more insightful and relevant conservation research outcomes.
