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Matthias R. Mehl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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eavesdropping on autobiographical memory a Naturalistic Observation study of older adults memory sharing in daily conversations
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2020Co-Authors: Aubrey A Wank, Matthias R. Mehl, Jessica R Andrewshanna, Angelina J Polsinelli, Suzanne Moseley, Elizabeth L Glisky, Matthew D GrilliAbstract:The retrieval of autobiographical memories is an integral part of everyday social interactions. Prior laboratory research has revealed that older age is associated with a reduction in the retrieval of autobiographical episodic memories, and the ability to elaborate these memories with episodic details. However, how age-related reductions in episodic specificity unfold in everyday social contexts remains largely unknown. Also, constraints of the laboratory-based approach have limited our understanding of how autobiographical semantic memory is linked to older age. To address these gaps in knowledge, we used a smartphone application known as the Electronically Activated Recorder, or “EAR”, to unobtrusively capture real-world conversations over four days. In a sample of 102 cognitively normal older adults, we extracted instances where memories and future thoughts were shared by the participants, and we scored the shared episodic memories and future thoughts for their make-up of episodic and semantic detail. We found that older age was associated with a reduction in real-world sharing of autobiographical episodic and semantic memories. We also found that older age was linked to less episodically and semantically detailed descriptions of autobiographical episodic memories. Frequency and level of detail of shared future thoughts yielded weaker relationships with age, which may be related to the low frequency of future thoughts in general. Similar to laboratory research, there was no correlation between autobiographical episodic detail sharing and a standard episodic memory test. However, in contrast to laboratory studies, episodic detail production while sharing autobiographical episodic memories was weakly related to episodic detail production while describing future events, unrelated to working memory, and not different between men and women. Overall, our findings provide novel evidence of how older age relates to episodic specificity when autobiographical memories are assessed unobtrusively and objectively “in the wild”.
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Dispositional Mindfulness in Daily Life: A Naturalistic Observation Study
2017Co-Authors: Deanna M Kaplan, Charles Raison, Anne Milek, Allison Mary Tackman, Thaddeus Pace, Matthias R. MehlAbstract:Mindfulness has seen an extraordinary rise as a scientific construct, yet surprisingly little is known about how it manifests behaviorally in daily life. The present study identifies assumptions regarding how mindfulness relates to behavior and contrasts them against actual behavioral manifestations of trait mindfulness in daily life. Study 1 (N = 427) shows that mindfulness is assumed to relate to emotional positivity, quality social interactions, prosocial orientation and attention to sensory perceptions. In Study 2, 185 participants completed a gold-standard, self-reported mindfulness measure (the FFMQ) and underwent Naturalistic Observation sampling to assess their daily behaviors. Trait mindfulness was robustly related to a heightened perceptual focus in conversations. However, it was not related to behavioral and speech markers of emotional positivity, quality social interactions, or prosocial orientation. These findings suggest that the subjective and self-reported experience of being mindful in daily life is expressed primarily through sharpened perceptual attention, rather than through other behavioral or social differences. This highlights the need for ecological models of how dispositional mindfulness “works” in daily life, and raises questions about the measurement of mindfulness.
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the electronically activated recorder ear a method for the Naturalistic Observation of daily social behavior
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2017Co-Authors: Matthias R. MehlAbstract:National Institutes of Health [R03CA137975, R21HD078778, 3R01AT004698, 5R01AT004698, R01HD069498, R01MH105379, R01MH108641]; Wake Forest University Character Project - John Templeton Foundation
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Topical Review: Families Coping With Child Trauma: A Naturalistic Observation Methodology
Journal of pediatric psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Eva Alisic, Anna Barrett, Peter V. Bowles, Rowena Conroy, Matthias R. MehlAbstract:OBJECTIVE : To introduce a novel, Naturalistic Observational methodology (the Electronically Activated Recorder; EAR) as an opportunity to better understand the central role of the family environment in children's recovery from trauma. METHODS : Discussion of current research methods and a systematic literature review of EAR studies on health and well-being. RESULTS : Surveys, experience sampling, and the EAR method each provide different opportunities and challenges for studying family interactions. We identified 17 articles describing relevant EAR studies. These investigated questions of emotional well-being, communicative behaviors, and interpersonal relationships, predominantly in adults. 5 articles reported innovative research in children, triangulating EAR-observed behavioral data (e.g., on child conflict at home) with neuroendocrine assay, sociodemographic information, and parent report. Finally, we discussed psychometric, practical, and ethical considerations for conducting EAR research with children and families. CONCLUSIONS : Naturalistic Observation methods such as the EAR have potential for pediatric psychology studies regarding trauma and the family environment. Language: en
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Cancer conversations in context: Naturalistic Observation of couples coping with breast cancer.
Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43), 2014Co-Authors: Megan L. Robbins, Ana Maria Lopez, Karen L. Weihs, Matthias R. MehlAbstract:This study explored the feasibility and potentials of a Naturalistic Observation approach to studying dyadic coping in everyday life. Specifically, it examined the natural context and content of the spontaneous cancer conversations of couples coping with cancer, and how they relate to patients' and spouses' psychological adjustment. Women with breast cancer (N = 56) and their spouses wore the electronically activated recorder (EAR), an unobtrusive Observation method that periodically records snippets of ambient sounds, over one weekend to observe the couples' cancer conversations in their natural context. Both patients and spouses completed self-reported measures of psychological adjustment at baseline and at a 2-month follow-up. Cancer was a topic of approximately 5% of couples' conversations. Cancer conversations occurred more often within the couple than with friends and family, and they were more often informational than emotional or supportive. Consistent with research on the social cognitive processing model (Lepore & Revenson, 2007), spouses' engagement in emotional disclosure and informational conversation with patients predicted better patient adjustment. This first Naturalistic Observation study of dyadic coping revealed that the EAR method can be implemented with high compliance and relatively low obtrusiveness within the sensitive context of couples coping with cancer, and having a spouse who discussed cancer in an emotional or informational way predicted better patient adjustment. As a complement to in-lab and other momentary assessment methods, a Naturalistic Observation approach with a method such as the EAR can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the role that communication processes play in coping with cancer.
Chamaiparn Santikarn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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patterns of motorcycle helmet use a Naturalistic Observation study in myanmar
Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2019Co-Authors: Felix Siebert, Deike Albers, Aung U Naing, Paolo Perego, Chamaiparn SantikarnAbstract:Abstract Developing countries are subject to increased motorization, particularly in the number of motorcycles. As helmet use is critical to the safety of motorcycle riders, the goal of this study was to identify observable patterns of helmet use, which allow a more accurate assessment of helmet use in developing countries. In a video based Observation study, 124,784 motorcycle riders were observed at seven Observation sites throughout Myanmar. Recorded videos were coded for helmet use, number of riders on the motorcycle, rider position, gender, and time of day. Generally, motorcycle helmet use in Myanmar was found to be low with only 51.5% percent of riders wearing a helmet. Helmet use was highest for drivers (68.1%) and decreased for every additional passenger. It was lowest for children standing on the floorboard of the motorcycle (11.3%). During the day, helmet use followed a unimodal distribution, with the highest use observed during the late morning and lowest use observed in the early morning and late afternoon. Helmet use varied significantly between Observation sites, ranging from 74.8% in Mandalay to 26.9% in Pakokku. In Mandalay, female riders had a higher helmet use than male riders, and helmet use decreased drastically on a national holiday in the city. Helmet use of motorcycle riders in Myanmar follows distinct patterns. Knowledge of these patterns can be used to design more precise helmet use evaluations and guide traffic law policy and police enforcement measures. Video based Observation proved to be an efficient tool to collect helmet use data.
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Patterns of motorcycle helmet use – a Naturalistic Observation study in Myanmar
Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2019Co-Authors: Felix Siebert, Deike Albers, U Aung Naing, Paolo Perego, Chamaiparn SantikarnAbstract:Abstract Developing countries are subject to increased motorization, particularly in the number of motorcycles. As helmet use is critical to the safety of motorcycle riders, the goal of this study was to identify observable patterns of helmet use, which allow a more accurate assessment of helmet use in developing countries. In a video based Observation study, 124,784 motorcycle riders were observed at seven Observation sites throughout Myanmar. Recorded videos were coded for helmet use, number of riders on the motorcycle, rider position, gender, and time of day. Generally, motorcycle helmet use in Myanmar was found to be low with only 51.5% percent of riders wearing a helmet. Helmet use was highest for drivers (68.1%) and decreased for every additional passenger. It was lowest for children standing on the floorboard of the motorcycle (11.3%). During the day, helmet use followed a unimodal distribution, with the highest use observed during the late morning and lowest use observed in the early morning and late afternoon. Helmet use varied significantly between Observation sites, ranging from 74.8% in Mandalay to 26.9% in Pakokku. In Mandalay, female riders had a higher helmet use than male riders, and helmet use decreased drastically on a national holiday in the city. Helmet use of motorcycle riders in Myanmar follows distinct patterns. Knowledge of these patterns can be used to design more precise helmet use evaluations and guide traffic law policy and police enforcement measures. Video based Observation proved to be an efficient tool to collect helmet use data.
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pw 1768 assessing motorcycle helmet use in developing countries advantages of Naturalistic Observation over hospital based and road side questionnaire surveys
Injury Prevention, 2018Co-Authors: Felix Siebert, Deike Albers, Paolo Perego, Aye Moe Moe Lwin, Chamaiparn SantikarnAbstract:Although motorcycle helmets are vital to prevent heavy injuries and fatalities in motorcycle crashes, only one third of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) regularly collects helmet use data. When data is available, it is often undetailed or based on small sample sizes. Hence, methods for regular and detailed monitoring of motorcycle helmet use in LMIC are needed. In the light of the application in LMIC, resource-efficiency of these methods has to be considered. Common methods to estimate motorcycle helmet use (Naturalistic Observation, self-reports in questionnaire surveys, hospital based surveys) were compared for their accuracy, practicality, and efficiency. Original empirical data on motorcycle helmet use was collected in Myanmar and Tanzania from video-based Naturalistic Observation, hospital based surveys, and road side questionnaires. This data was further compared to existing data sources for helmet use in those countries. In Myanmar, the helmet use rate registered in hospitals was significantly lower than the helmet use rate observed in the surrounding area. In Tanzania, self-reported helmet use in questionnaire surveys was significantly higher than observed helmet use. Questionnaire surveys and hospital registration systems were more time consuming and labor-intensive to set up than Naturalistic video-based Observation. Video-based Naturalistic Observation is an efficient method to assess helmet use and yields more accurate helmet use estimates than other methods. Participants’ responses in questionnaire surveys on helmet use were found to be biased toward higher helmet use numbers, most likely due to social desirability in participants’ responses. Hospital based registration underestimated helmet use in Myanmar, as riders were more likely to end up in the hospital without a helmet. A regular helmet use assessment through video based Naturalistic Observation will allow road safety actors in LMIC to efficiently collect accurate and detailed data of motorcycle helmet use.
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PW 1768 Assessing motorcycle helmet use in developing countries – advantages of Naturalistic Observation over hospital based and road side questionnaire surveys
Abstracts, 2018Co-Authors: Felix Siebert, Deike Albers, Paolo Perego, Aye Moe Moe Lwin, Chamaiparn SantikarnAbstract:Although motorcycle helmets are vital to prevent heavy injuries and fatalities in motorcycle crashes, only one third of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) regularly collects helmet use data. When data is available, it is often undetailed or based on small sample sizes. Hence, methods for regular and detailed monitoring of motorcycle helmet use in LMIC are needed. In the light of the application in LMIC, resource-efficiency of these methods has to be considered. Common methods to estimate motorcycle helmet use (Naturalistic Observation, self-reports in questionnaire surveys, hospital based surveys) were compared for their accuracy, practicality, and efficiency. Original empirical data on motorcycle helmet use was collected in Myanmar and Tanzania from video-based Naturalistic Observation, hospital based surveys, and road side questionnaires. This data was further compared to existing data sources for helmet use in those countries. In Myanmar, the helmet use rate registered in hospitals was significantly lower than the helmet use rate observed in the surrounding area. In Tanzania, self-reported helmet use in questionnaire surveys was significantly higher than observed helmet use. Questionnaire surveys and hospital registration systems were more time consuming and labor-intensive to set up than Naturalistic video-based Observation. Video-based Naturalistic Observation is an efficient method to assess helmet use and yields more accurate helmet use estimates than other methods. Participants’ responses in questionnaire surveys on helmet use were found to be biased toward higher helmet use numbers, most likely due to social desirability in participants’ responses. Hospital based registration underestimated helmet use in Myanmar, as riders were more likely to end up in the hospital without a helmet. A regular helmet use assessment through video based Naturalistic Observation will allow road safety actors in LMIC to efficiently collect accurate and detailed data of motorcycle helmet use.
Amer M Burhan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bilateral sequential theta burst stimulation for multiple therapy resistant depression a Naturalistic Observation study
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2020Co-Authors: Amer M Burhan, James A Patience, Johannes Teselink, Nicole M Marlatt, Sahand Babapoorfarrokhran, Lena PalaniyappanAbstract:Abstract Depression is a significant health issue with treatment resistance reported in about one third of patients. Treatment resistance results in significant disability, impaired quality of life, and increased healthcare costs. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a treatment option for treatment resistant depression (TRD) with response and remission rates in open-label studies being as high as 58% and 37% respectively. Theta-burst is a faster and novel rTMS paradigm that has shown promise as a treatment for TRD in some preliminary studies. In a Naturalistic design, we evaluated the response, remission and tolerability of bilateral sequential (right then left) prefrontal theta-burst rTMS (bsTBS) in 50 patients with TRD (600 pulses/session, 20 sessions, 100% of resting motor threshold (80% if intolerant to 100%, n = 2), F4/F3 of 10-20-20 EEG localization). Data was collected over 36 months from a specialized academic TMS clinic. Patients had multiple-treatment resistance with at least two failed trials of different antidepressants with 20% also having failed electroconvulsive therapy and 66% having received professional therapy. We found a 28% remission rate (HAMD-17 score of ≤7) and a 52% response rate (≥50% reduction in HAMD-17) with a 42% reduction in average HAMD-17 score. The treatment was well tolerated, with muscle contractions, mild pain or discomfort, headache, scalp irritation, and changes to vitals being captured as occasional adverse events with two instances of syncope (0.22% of treatments). This Naturalistic study shows that bsTBS is a promising paradigm for a multiple-TRD patient population with approximately one-third of treatments achieving remission and over half achieving significant response.
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bilateral sequential theta burst stimulation for multiple therapy resistant depression a Naturalistic Observation study
medRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Amer M Burhan, James A Patience, Johannes Teselink, Nicole M Marlatt, Sahand Babapoorfarokhran, Lena PalaniyappanAbstract:Depression is a significant health issue with treatment resistance reported in about one third of patients. Treatment resistance results in significant disability, impaired quality of life, and increased healthcare costs. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a treatment option for treatment resistant depression (TRD) with an average response rate of around 30%. Theta-burst is a novel rTMS paradigm that has shown promise as a treatment for TRD in some preliminary studies. In a Naturalistic design, we evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of bilateral sequential (right then left) prefrontal theta-burst rTMS (bsTBS) in 50 patients with TRD (600 pulses/session, 20 sessions, 100% of resting motor threshold (two patients treated at 80% due to intolerance of 100%), F4/F3 of 10-20-20 EEG localization). Data was collected over 36 months from a specialized academic TMS clinic. Patients had multipletreatment resistance with at least two failed trials of different antidepressants with 20% also having failed electroconvulsive therapy and 66% having received professional therapy. We found a 28% remission rate (HAMD-17 score of [≤] 7) and a 52% response rate ([≥] 50% reduction in HAMD-17) with a 42% reduction in average HAMD-17 score. The treatment was well tolerated, with muscle contractions, mild pain or discomfort, headache, scalp irritation, and changes to vitals being captured as occasional side effects with two instances of syncope (0.22% of treatments). This Naturalistic study shows that bsTBS is a promising paradigm for a multiple-TRD patient population with approximately one-third of treatments achieving remission and over half achieving significant response.
Lena Palaniyappan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bilateral sequential theta burst stimulation for multiple therapy resistant depression a Naturalistic Observation study
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2020Co-Authors: Amer M Burhan, James A Patience, Johannes Teselink, Nicole M Marlatt, Sahand Babapoorfarrokhran, Lena PalaniyappanAbstract:Abstract Depression is a significant health issue with treatment resistance reported in about one third of patients. Treatment resistance results in significant disability, impaired quality of life, and increased healthcare costs. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a treatment option for treatment resistant depression (TRD) with response and remission rates in open-label studies being as high as 58% and 37% respectively. Theta-burst is a faster and novel rTMS paradigm that has shown promise as a treatment for TRD in some preliminary studies. In a Naturalistic design, we evaluated the response, remission and tolerability of bilateral sequential (right then left) prefrontal theta-burst rTMS (bsTBS) in 50 patients with TRD (600 pulses/session, 20 sessions, 100% of resting motor threshold (80% if intolerant to 100%, n = 2), F4/F3 of 10-20-20 EEG localization). Data was collected over 36 months from a specialized academic TMS clinic. Patients had multiple-treatment resistance with at least two failed trials of different antidepressants with 20% also having failed electroconvulsive therapy and 66% having received professional therapy. We found a 28% remission rate (HAMD-17 score of ≤7) and a 52% response rate (≥50% reduction in HAMD-17) with a 42% reduction in average HAMD-17 score. The treatment was well tolerated, with muscle contractions, mild pain or discomfort, headache, scalp irritation, and changes to vitals being captured as occasional adverse events with two instances of syncope (0.22% of treatments). This Naturalistic study shows that bsTBS is a promising paradigm for a multiple-TRD patient population with approximately one-third of treatments achieving remission and over half achieving significant response.
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bilateral sequential theta burst stimulation for multiple therapy resistant depression a Naturalistic Observation study
medRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Amer M Burhan, James A Patience, Johannes Teselink, Nicole M Marlatt, Sahand Babapoorfarokhran, Lena PalaniyappanAbstract:Depression is a significant health issue with treatment resistance reported in about one third of patients. Treatment resistance results in significant disability, impaired quality of life, and increased healthcare costs. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a treatment option for treatment resistant depression (TRD) with an average response rate of around 30%. Theta-burst is a novel rTMS paradigm that has shown promise as a treatment for TRD in some preliminary studies. In a Naturalistic design, we evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of bilateral sequential (right then left) prefrontal theta-burst rTMS (bsTBS) in 50 patients with TRD (600 pulses/session, 20 sessions, 100% of resting motor threshold (two patients treated at 80% due to intolerance of 100%), F4/F3 of 10-20-20 EEG localization). Data was collected over 36 months from a specialized academic TMS clinic. Patients had multipletreatment resistance with at least two failed trials of different antidepressants with 20% also having failed electroconvulsive therapy and 66% having received professional therapy. We found a 28% remission rate (HAMD-17 score of [≤] 7) and a 52% response rate ([≥] 50% reduction in HAMD-17) with a 42% reduction in average HAMD-17 score. The treatment was well tolerated, with muscle contractions, mild pain or discomfort, headache, scalp irritation, and changes to vitals being captured as occasional side effects with two instances of syncope (0.22% of treatments). This Naturalistic study shows that bsTBS is a promising paradigm for a multiple-TRD patient population with approximately one-third of treatments achieving remission and over half achieving significant response.
Felix Siebert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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patterns of motorcycle helmet use a Naturalistic Observation study in myanmar
Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2019Co-Authors: Felix Siebert, Deike Albers, Aung U Naing, Paolo Perego, Chamaiparn SantikarnAbstract:Abstract Developing countries are subject to increased motorization, particularly in the number of motorcycles. As helmet use is critical to the safety of motorcycle riders, the goal of this study was to identify observable patterns of helmet use, which allow a more accurate assessment of helmet use in developing countries. In a video based Observation study, 124,784 motorcycle riders were observed at seven Observation sites throughout Myanmar. Recorded videos were coded for helmet use, number of riders on the motorcycle, rider position, gender, and time of day. Generally, motorcycle helmet use in Myanmar was found to be low with only 51.5% percent of riders wearing a helmet. Helmet use was highest for drivers (68.1%) and decreased for every additional passenger. It was lowest for children standing on the floorboard of the motorcycle (11.3%). During the day, helmet use followed a unimodal distribution, with the highest use observed during the late morning and lowest use observed in the early morning and late afternoon. Helmet use varied significantly between Observation sites, ranging from 74.8% in Mandalay to 26.9% in Pakokku. In Mandalay, female riders had a higher helmet use than male riders, and helmet use decreased drastically on a national holiday in the city. Helmet use of motorcycle riders in Myanmar follows distinct patterns. Knowledge of these patterns can be used to design more precise helmet use evaluations and guide traffic law policy and police enforcement measures. Video based Observation proved to be an efficient tool to collect helmet use data.
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Patterns of motorcycle helmet use – a Naturalistic Observation study in Myanmar
Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2019Co-Authors: Felix Siebert, Deike Albers, U Aung Naing, Paolo Perego, Chamaiparn SantikarnAbstract:Abstract Developing countries are subject to increased motorization, particularly in the number of motorcycles. As helmet use is critical to the safety of motorcycle riders, the goal of this study was to identify observable patterns of helmet use, which allow a more accurate assessment of helmet use in developing countries. In a video based Observation study, 124,784 motorcycle riders were observed at seven Observation sites throughout Myanmar. Recorded videos were coded for helmet use, number of riders on the motorcycle, rider position, gender, and time of day. Generally, motorcycle helmet use in Myanmar was found to be low with only 51.5% percent of riders wearing a helmet. Helmet use was highest for drivers (68.1%) and decreased for every additional passenger. It was lowest for children standing on the floorboard of the motorcycle (11.3%). During the day, helmet use followed a unimodal distribution, with the highest use observed during the late morning and lowest use observed in the early morning and late afternoon. Helmet use varied significantly between Observation sites, ranging from 74.8% in Mandalay to 26.9% in Pakokku. In Mandalay, female riders had a higher helmet use than male riders, and helmet use decreased drastically on a national holiday in the city. Helmet use of motorcycle riders in Myanmar follows distinct patterns. Knowledge of these patterns can be used to design more precise helmet use evaluations and guide traffic law policy and police enforcement measures. Video based Observation proved to be an efficient tool to collect helmet use data.
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pw 1768 assessing motorcycle helmet use in developing countries advantages of Naturalistic Observation over hospital based and road side questionnaire surveys
Injury Prevention, 2018Co-Authors: Felix Siebert, Deike Albers, Paolo Perego, Aye Moe Moe Lwin, Chamaiparn SantikarnAbstract:Although motorcycle helmets are vital to prevent heavy injuries and fatalities in motorcycle crashes, only one third of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) regularly collects helmet use data. When data is available, it is often undetailed or based on small sample sizes. Hence, methods for regular and detailed monitoring of motorcycle helmet use in LMIC are needed. In the light of the application in LMIC, resource-efficiency of these methods has to be considered. Common methods to estimate motorcycle helmet use (Naturalistic Observation, self-reports in questionnaire surveys, hospital based surveys) were compared for their accuracy, practicality, and efficiency. Original empirical data on motorcycle helmet use was collected in Myanmar and Tanzania from video-based Naturalistic Observation, hospital based surveys, and road side questionnaires. This data was further compared to existing data sources for helmet use in those countries. In Myanmar, the helmet use rate registered in hospitals was significantly lower than the helmet use rate observed in the surrounding area. In Tanzania, self-reported helmet use in questionnaire surveys was significantly higher than observed helmet use. Questionnaire surveys and hospital registration systems were more time consuming and labor-intensive to set up than Naturalistic video-based Observation. Video-based Naturalistic Observation is an efficient method to assess helmet use and yields more accurate helmet use estimates than other methods. Participants’ responses in questionnaire surveys on helmet use were found to be biased toward higher helmet use numbers, most likely due to social desirability in participants’ responses. Hospital based registration underestimated helmet use in Myanmar, as riders were more likely to end up in the hospital without a helmet. A regular helmet use assessment through video based Naturalistic Observation will allow road safety actors in LMIC to efficiently collect accurate and detailed data of motorcycle helmet use.
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PW 1768 Assessing motorcycle helmet use in developing countries – advantages of Naturalistic Observation over hospital based and road side questionnaire surveys
Abstracts, 2018Co-Authors: Felix Siebert, Deike Albers, Paolo Perego, Aye Moe Moe Lwin, Chamaiparn SantikarnAbstract:Although motorcycle helmets are vital to prevent heavy injuries and fatalities in motorcycle crashes, only one third of low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) regularly collects helmet use data. When data is available, it is often undetailed or based on small sample sizes. Hence, methods for regular and detailed monitoring of motorcycle helmet use in LMIC are needed. In the light of the application in LMIC, resource-efficiency of these methods has to be considered. Common methods to estimate motorcycle helmet use (Naturalistic Observation, self-reports in questionnaire surveys, hospital based surveys) were compared for their accuracy, practicality, and efficiency. Original empirical data on motorcycle helmet use was collected in Myanmar and Tanzania from video-based Naturalistic Observation, hospital based surveys, and road side questionnaires. This data was further compared to existing data sources for helmet use in those countries. In Myanmar, the helmet use rate registered in hospitals was significantly lower than the helmet use rate observed in the surrounding area. In Tanzania, self-reported helmet use in questionnaire surveys was significantly higher than observed helmet use. Questionnaire surveys and hospital registration systems were more time consuming and labor-intensive to set up than Naturalistic video-based Observation. Video-based Naturalistic Observation is an efficient method to assess helmet use and yields more accurate helmet use estimates than other methods. Participants’ responses in questionnaire surveys on helmet use were found to be biased toward higher helmet use numbers, most likely due to social desirability in participants’ responses. Hospital based registration underestimated helmet use in Myanmar, as riders were more likely to end up in the hospital without a helmet. A regular helmet use assessment through video based Naturalistic Observation will allow road safety actors in LMIC to efficiently collect accurate and detailed data of motorcycle helmet use.
