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M Johnstone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparative anatomy of the cardiac foramen ovale in cats (Felidae), dogs (Canidae), bears (Ursidae) and hyaenas (Hyaenidae).
Journal of anatomy, 1995Co-Authors: A A Macdonald, M JohnstoneAbstract:The structure of the foramen ovale from 16 species representing 4 carnivore families, the Felidae, Canidae, Ursidae and Hyaenidae, was studied using the scanning electron microscope. The Felidae were represented by 9 domestic cat fetuses (Felis catus), 2 snow leopard Neonates (Uncia uncia), an ocelot Neonate (Leopardus pardalis), 2 lion Neonates (Panthera leo), a panther Neonate (Panthera pardus) and 3 tigers (Neofelis tigris), comprising 2 fetuses and a Neonate. The Canidae were represented by a golden jackal Neonate (Canis aureus), a newborn wolf (Canis lupus), 8 domestic dog fetuses (Canis familiaris), 3 red fox Neonates (Vulpes vulpes) and a dhole Neonate (Cuon alpinus). The Ursidae were represented by a brown bear Neonate (Ursus arctos), a day-old grizzly bear cub (Ursus arctos horribilis), a polar bear Neonate (Ursus maritimus), and 2 additional bear fetuses (species unknown). The Hyaenidae were represented by a striped hyaena Neonate (Hyaena hyaena). In each species, the foramen ovale, when viewed from the terminal part of the caudal vena cava, had the appearance of a short tunnel. A thin fold of tissue, the developed remains of the embryonic septum primum, extended from the distal end of the caudal vena cava for a variable distance into the lumen of the left atrium and contributed towards the 'tunnel' appearance in all specimens. It constituted a large proportion of the tube, and its distal end was straight-edged. There was fibrous material underlying the endothelium of the flap, the apparent morphology of which suggested that it comprised cardiac muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Comparative anatomy of the cardiac foramen ovale in cats (Felidae), dogs (Canidae), bears (Ursidae) and hyaenas (Hyaenidae).
Journal of anatomy, 1995Co-Authors: A A Macdonald, M JohnstoneAbstract:The structure of the foramen ovale from 16 species representing 4 carnivore families, the Felidae, Canidae, Ursidae and Hyaenidae, was studied using the scanning electron microscope. The Felidae were represented by 9 domestic cat fetuses (Felis catus), 2 snow leopard Neonates (Uncia uncia), an ocelot Neonate (Leopardus pardalis), 2 lion Neonates (Panthera leo), a panther Neonate (Panthera pardus) and 3 tigers (Neofelis tigris), comprising 2 fetuses and a Neonate. The Canidae were represented by a golden jackal Neonate (Canis aureus), a newborn wolf (Canis lupus), 8 domestic dog fetuses (Canis familiaris), 3 red fox Neonates (Vulpes vulpes) and a dhole Neonate (Cuon alpinus). The Ursidae were represented by a brown bear Neonate (Ursus arctos), a day-old grizzly bear cub (Ursus arctos horribilis), a polar bear Neonate (Ursus maritimus), and 2 additional bear fetuses (species unknown). The Hyaenidae were represented by a striped hyaena Neonate (Hyaena hyaena). In each species, the foramen ovale, when viewed from the terminal part of the caudal vena cava, had the appearance of a short tunnel. A thin fold of tissue, the developed remains of the embryonic septum primum, extended from the distal end of the caudal vena cava for a variable distance into the lumen of the left atrium and contributed towards the 'tunnel' appearance in all specimens. It constituted a large proportion of the tube, and its distal end was straight-edged. There was fibrous material underlying the endothelium of the flap, the apparent morphology of which suggested that it comprised cardiac muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
N S Desai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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occult spinal dysraphism in Neonates assessment of high risk cutaneous stigmata on sonography
American Journal of Roentgenology, 1998Co-Authors: Vesna Martich Kriss, N S DesaiAbstract:In this study, we evaluated the incidence of dorsal cutaneous stigmata in a healthy Neonate population; we also assessed whether specific types of cutaneous stigmata are associated with underlying spinal dysraphism.From July 1993 through December 1996, we prospectively examined term Neonates with dorsal cutaneous stigmata. Each Neonate underwent spinal sonography and clinical assessment of the cutaneous stigmata. Incidence of dorsal cutaneous stigmata in a healthy neonatal population was determined by dividing the number of Neonates with cutaneous stigmata by the total number of Neonates examined.The incidence of cutaneous stigmata in the healthy Neonate study population was 4.8%. We examined 207 Neonates with 216 cutaneous stigmata, the most common of which was the simple midline dimple (74%). None of the Neonates with only a simple midline dimple had spinal dysraphism. Of the 207 Neonates we examined, 16 had spinal dysraphism. Clinical examination revealed 180 dimples and 36 other types of cutaneous sti...
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Occult spinal dysraphism in Neonates: assessment of high-risk cutaneous stigmata on sonography.
American Journal of Roentgenology, 1998Co-Authors: Vesna Martich Kriss, N S DesaiAbstract:OBJECTIVE: In this study, we evaluated the incidence of dorsal cutaneous stigmata in a healthy Neonate population; we also assessed whether specific types of cutaneous stigmata are associated with underlying spinal dysraphism. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From July 1993 through December 1996, we prospectively examined term Neonates with dorsal cutaneous stigmata. Each Neonate underwent spinal sonography and clinical assessment of the cutaneous stigmata. Incidence of dorsal cutaneous stigmata in a healthy neonatal population was determined by dividing the number of Neonates with cutaneous stigmata by the total number of Neonates examined. RESULTS: The incidence of cutaneous stigmata in the healthy Neonate study population was 4.8%. We examined 207 Neonates with 216 cutaneous stigmata, the most common of which was the simple midline dimple (74%). None of the Neonates with only a simple midline dimple had spinal dysraphism. Of the 207 Neonates we examined, 16 had spinal dysraphism. Clinical examination revealed 180 dimples and 36 other types of cutaneous stigmata (e.g., hemangiomas, hairy patches, masses, tails, lesions). Fourteen (39%) of 36 other cutaneous stigmata were positive for spinal dysraphism. Eight (40%) of 20 atypical dimples were positive for spinal dysraphism. Three were large clefts (>5 mm); the remaining five cases were seen in combination with other lesions and were all located more than 2.5 cm from the anus. Six (67%) of the nine Neonates with multiple cutaneous stigmata had spinal dysraphism. CONCLUSION: Simple midline dimples are the most commonly encountered dorsal cutaneous stigmata in Neonates and indicate low risk for spinal dysraphism. Only atypical dimples are associated with a high risk for spinal dysraphism, particularly those that are large (>5 mm), high on the back (>2.5 cm from the anus), or appear in combination with other lesions. High-risk cutaneous stigmata in Neonates include hemangiomas, upraised lesions (i.e., masses, tails, and hairy patches), and multiple cutaneous stigmata.
A A Macdonald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparative anatomy of the cardiac foramen ovale in cats (Felidae), dogs (Canidae), bears (Ursidae) and hyaenas (Hyaenidae).
Journal of anatomy, 1995Co-Authors: A A Macdonald, M JohnstoneAbstract:The structure of the foramen ovale from 16 species representing 4 carnivore families, the Felidae, Canidae, Ursidae and Hyaenidae, was studied using the scanning electron microscope. The Felidae were represented by 9 domestic cat fetuses (Felis catus), 2 snow leopard Neonates (Uncia uncia), an ocelot Neonate (Leopardus pardalis), 2 lion Neonates (Panthera leo), a panther Neonate (Panthera pardus) and 3 tigers (Neofelis tigris), comprising 2 fetuses and a Neonate. The Canidae were represented by a golden jackal Neonate (Canis aureus), a newborn wolf (Canis lupus), 8 domestic dog fetuses (Canis familiaris), 3 red fox Neonates (Vulpes vulpes) and a dhole Neonate (Cuon alpinus). The Ursidae were represented by a brown bear Neonate (Ursus arctos), a day-old grizzly bear cub (Ursus arctos horribilis), a polar bear Neonate (Ursus maritimus), and 2 additional bear fetuses (species unknown). The Hyaenidae were represented by a striped hyaena Neonate (Hyaena hyaena). In each species, the foramen ovale, when viewed from the terminal part of the caudal vena cava, had the appearance of a short tunnel. A thin fold of tissue, the developed remains of the embryonic septum primum, extended from the distal end of the caudal vena cava for a variable distance into the lumen of the left atrium and contributed towards the 'tunnel' appearance in all specimens. It constituted a large proportion of the tube, and its distal end was straight-edged. There was fibrous material underlying the endothelium of the flap, the apparent morphology of which suggested that it comprised cardiac muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Comparative anatomy of the cardiac foramen ovale in cats (Felidae), dogs (Canidae), bears (Ursidae) and hyaenas (Hyaenidae).
Journal of anatomy, 1995Co-Authors: A A Macdonald, M JohnstoneAbstract:The structure of the foramen ovale from 16 species representing 4 carnivore families, the Felidae, Canidae, Ursidae and Hyaenidae, was studied using the scanning electron microscope. The Felidae were represented by 9 domestic cat fetuses (Felis catus), 2 snow leopard Neonates (Uncia uncia), an ocelot Neonate (Leopardus pardalis), 2 lion Neonates (Panthera leo), a panther Neonate (Panthera pardus) and 3 tigers (Neofelis tigris), comprising 2 fetuses and a Neonate. The Canidae were represented by a golden jackal Neonate (Canis aureus), a newborn wolf (Canis lupus), 8 domestic dog fetuses (Canis familiaris), 3 red fox Neonates (Vulpes vulpes) and a dhole Neonate (Cuon alpinus). The Ursidae were represented by a brown bear Neonate (Ursus arctos), a day-old grizzly bear cub (Ursus arctos horribilis), a polar bear Neonate (Ursus maritimus), and 2 additional bear fetuses (species unknown). The Hyaenidae were represented by a striped hyaena Neonate (Hyaena hyaena). In each species, the foramen ovale, when viewed from the terminal part of the caudal vena cava, had the appearance of a short tunnel. A thin fold of tissue, the developed remains of the embryonic septum primum, extended from the distal end of the caudal vena cava for a variable distance into the lumen of the left atrium and contributed towards the 'tunnel' appearance in all specimens. It constituted a large proportion of the tube, and its distal end was straight-edged. There was fibrous material underlying the endothelium of the flap, the apparent morphology of which suggested that it comprised cardiac muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vesna Martich Kriss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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occult spinal dysraphism in Neonates assessment of high risk cutaneous stigmata on sonography
American Journal of Roentgenology, 1998Co-Authors: Vesna Martich Kriss, N S DesaiAbstract:In this study, we evaluated the incidence of dorsal cutaneous stigmata in a healthy Neonate population; we also assessed whether specific types of cutaneous stigmata are associated with underlying spinal dysraphism.From July 1993 through December 1996, we prospectively examined term Neonates with dorsal cutaneous stigmata. Each Neonate underwent spinal sonography and clinical assessment of the cutaneous stigmata. Incidence of dorsal cutaneous stigmata in a healthy neonatal population was determined by dividing the number of Neonates with cutaneous stigmata by the total number of Neonates examined.The incidence of cutaneous stigmata in the healthy Neonate study population was 4.8%. We examined 207 Neonates with 216 cutaneous stigmata, the most common of which was the simple midline dimple (74%). None of the Neonates with only a simple midline dimple had spinal dysraphism. Of the 207 Neonates we examined, 16 had spinal dysraphism. Clinical examination revealed 180 dimples and 36 other types of cutaneous sti...
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Occult spinal dysraphism in Neonates: assessment of high-risk cutaneous stigmata on sonography.
American Journal of Roentgenology, 1998Co-Authors: Vesna Martich Kriss, N S DesaiAbstract:OBJECTIVE: In this study, we evaluated the incidence of dorsal cutaneous stigmata in a healthy Neonate population; we also assessed whether specific types of cutaneous stigmata are associated with underlying spinal dysraphism. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From July 1993 through December 1996, we prospectively examined term Neonates with dorsal cutaneous stigmata. Each Neonate underwent spinal sonography and clinical assessment of the cutaneous stigmata. Incidence of dorsal cutaneous stigmata in a healthy neonatal population was determined by dividing the number of Neonates with cutaneous stigmata by the total number of Neonates examined. RESULTS: The incidence of cutaneous stigmata in the healthy Neonate study population was 4.8%. We examined 207 Neonates with 216 cutaneous stigmata, the most common of which was the simple midline dimple (74%). None of the Neonates with only a simple midline dimple had spinal dysraphism. Of the 207 Neonates we examined, 16 had spinal dysraphism. Clinical examination revealed 180 dimples and 36 other types of cutaneous stigmata (e.g., hemangiomas, hairy patches, masses, tails, lesions). Fourteen (39%) of 36 other cutaneous stigmata were positive for spinal dysraphism. Eight (40%) of 20 atypical dimples were positive for spinal dysraphism. Three were large clefts (>5 mm); the remaining five cases were seen in combination with other lesions and were all located more than 2.5 cm from the anus. Six (67%) of the nine Neonates with multiple cutaneous stigmata had spinal dysraphism. CONCLUSION: Simple midline dimples are the most commonly encountered dorsal cutaneous stigmata in Neonates and indicate low risk for spinal dysraphism. Only atypical dimples are associated with a high risk for spinal dysraphism, particularly those that are large (>5 mm), high on the back (>2.5 cm from the anus), or appear in combination with other lesions. High-risk cutaneous stigmata in Neonates include hemangiomas, upraised lesions (i.e., masses, tails, and hairy patches), and multiple cutaneous stigmata.
Michael B Thompson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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placental nutrition in the viviparous lizard niveoscincus metallicus the influence of placental type
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 1999Co-Authors: Michael B Thompson, Brian K Speake, Kylie J Russell, Ruth J Mccartney, James R Stewart, Peter F. SuraiAbstract:The ion, energy, lipid, nitrogen and fat-soluble vitamin contents of freshly ovulated eggs and Neonates of the viviparous lizard Niveoscincus metallicus were measured to quantify uptake of nutrients across the placenta. This species is particularly interesting because it has a chorio-allantoic placenta that is intermediate in complexity compared to viviparous species that have been the focus of other studies. Newly ovulated eggs have a wet mass of 79.6+/−4.6 mg and a dry mass of 41.8+/−2.8 mg, compared to the Neonates that have a wet mass of 224.2+/−8.2 mg and dry mass of 37.9+/−1.2 mg. Thus, there is no significant net uptake of dry matter across the placenta. Neonates have significantly less lipid (6.2+/−0.4 mg) than eggs (12.7+/−0.5 mg), but no significant difference in nitrogen (4.1+/−0.3 mg) compared to eggs (4.5+/−0.2 mg). Energy densities reflect the protein and lipid composition and the relative dry masses of the eggs and Neonates. There is significantly more energy (1029.1+/−80.0 J) in the egg than in the Neonate (858.2+/−38.6 J). The increase in the ash content of the Neonates (2.9+/−0.2 mg) compared to fresh eggs (2.1+/−0.3 mg) was not significant, even though there was an approximately threefold increase in the amount of sodium (0.11+/−0.01 mg in Neonates, 0.34+/−0.01 mg in eggs) and potassium (0.12+/−0.017 in Neonates, 0.40+/−0.01 mg in eggs) in Neonates compared to eggs. There was no significant uptake of calcium and magnesium during development. The egg lipids consisted of triacylglycerol (66.7+/−2.3 %), phospholipid (18.9+/−0.7 %), cholesteryl ester (4.9+/−1.6 %) and free cholesterol (5.6+/−1.5 %). The egg phospholipid contained comparatively high proportions of arachidonic and eicosapentanoic acids but low levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whereas the phospholipid of the Neonate was greatly enriched in DHA. In the egg, the predominant vitamin E was (α)-tocopherol (62.6+/−3.4 mg g(−)(1)), although there was some (γ)-tocotrienol (3.5+/−0.3 mg g(−)(1)), and vitamin A was present (1.5+/−0.2 mg g(−)(1)). The ratio of Neonate dry mass to egg dry mass of N. metallicus (0.91) lies between that of species with type I (0.78) and type III (1.70) chorio-allantoic placentae, confirming our conclusion that the placenta of N. metallicus is functionally intermediate, as well as intermediate in complexity, between these other two types.
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placental transfer of nutrients during gestation in the viviparous lizard pseudemoia spenceri
Journal of Comparative Physiology B-biochemical Systemic and Environmental Physiology, 1999Co-Authors: Michael B Thompson, Brian K Speake, Kylie J Russell, James R Stewart, Ruth J MccartneyAbstract:Energy, ionic, protein and lipid contents and fatty acid profiles for the major lipid classes of freshly ovulated eggs and Neonates of the viviparous lizard, Pseudemoia spenceri, were measured. Litter size is 1.7 ± 0.1, with larger females producing larger Neonates. Placentotrophy results in approximately 23% more dry matter in the Neonates than in the fresh egg. The increase in the quantity of protein and lipid during development is not significant and is reflected in the similarity of energy densities of eggs and Neonates. As a percentage of dry matter, Neonates have slightly lower proportions of lipid and protein than eggs because of significant uptake of ash, calcium, potassium and sodium, but not of magnesium, across the placenta. The amounts of triacylglycerol and phospholipid are not significantly different between the egg and the Neonate, but Neonates contain significantly more cholesterol and cholesteryl ester. The amounts of the major fatty acids, palmitic and oleic acids, recovered from the total lipids of the Neonate do not differ significantly from the amounts present in the egg lipids, but the Neonates contain significantly less linoleic and α-linolenic acids and more palmitoleic, stearic and arachidonic acids than the eggs. The amount of docosahexaenoic acid recovered from the lipids of the Neonate is 2.6-times greater than the amount initially present in the egg. P. spenceri has a relatively larger egg and a smaller reliance on placentotrophy than other species in the same genus, all of which have a similar placental morphology. Nevertheless, the pattern of embryonic nutrition includes both obligative and facultative placentotrophy. All the major components of yolk of oviparous species are present in eggs of P. spenceri, but most are augmented during development by placental transfer.
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placental nutrition in a viviparous lizard pseudemoia pagenstecheri with a complex placenta
Journal of Zoology, 1999Co-Authors: Michael B Thompson, Brian K Speake, Kylie J Russell, Ruth J Mccartney, James R Stewart, Peter F. SuraiAbstract:The composition of egg yolks and Neonates of the viviparous lizard, Pseudemoia pagenstecheri, one of the most placentotrophic reptiles studied to date, are described. Neonates (43.3 ± 5.2 mg) have twice the dry mass of the initial eggs (22.0 ± 1.9 mg). The protein content of Neonates (29.1 ± 1.1 mg) is more than twice that of eggs (12.2 ± 1.1 mg), while the energy content (908.1 ± 107.4 J) is 1.6 times higher than that of the egg (565.0 ± 42.9 J). The energy densities of eggs (27.5 kJ g−1) and Neonates (23.1 ± 0.3 kJ g−1) are similar to the energy densities of eggs and Neonates of oviparous species. The total ash per Neonate (4.1 ± 0.4 mg) is three times greater than that of the egg contents (1.4 ± 0.2). Neonates contain significantly more calcium, sodium and potassium, but not magnesium, than do eggs. Thus, the placenta has a quantitatively important role in supplying nutrients for the embryo. The proportions of triacylglycerol (66%), phospholipid (19%), and free cholesterol (5%) in the eggs are similar to those in eggs of birds and crocodilians, but the proportion of cholesteryl esters (7%) is much higher in eggs of P. pagenstecheri. The proportion of docosahexaenoic acid in the egg phospholipid is relatively low (1.4%) but rises to 5.4% in the Neonate. The eggs contain vitamin E (mainly in the form of α-tocopherol) and vitamin A, but no detectable carotenoids. The overall composition of the eggs is not substantially different from that of oviparous species, suggesting that the small egg size relative to Neonate size is a result of a reduction in egg size rather than modification by omission of some nutrients from the yolk. The pattern of placental nutrient provision of P. pagenstecheri contains both an obligate and a facultative component suggesting that enhancement of offspring quality through facultative placentotrophy is a general characteristic of placental reptiles independent of pattern of embryonic nutrient provision.
