The Experts below are selected from a list of 20262 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yoshihiro Yoshihara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Visualization of selective transsynaptic Neural Pathways using a genetic method
Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo, 2010Co-Authors: Yoshihiro YoshiharaAbstract:Functional logic employed by the nervous system for coding and processing information is determined by the wiring patterns among specific types of neurons. Therefore, detailed knowledge about neuronal circuits is essential for understanding the wide range of brain functions. In our opinion, an effective and long-awaited method for analyzing the neuronal connectivity patterns would be to selectively deliver tracers to specific types of neurons and simutaneously performing transsynaptic labeling of the target neurons. A unique property of plant lectins, such as wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) have the unique property of traveling across synapses and this property has been applied in classical neuroanatomical studies in order to label various Neural Pathways. In 1999, we developed a novel strategy that employs WGA cDNA as a transgene in order to visualize selective and functional Neural Pathways. Over the last decade, this method has gained popularity; further with substantial technical improvement and refinement, this method has been successfully employed for the analysis of various Neural systems such as the olfactory, visual, gustatory, somatosensory, motor, and serotonergic systems. However, a few studies that employed this method failed because of the misinterpretation of the results. In this review, I summarize the principle, application, recent progress, and caveats of the WGA transgene technology.
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Visualizing selective Neural Pathways with WGA transgene: combination of neuroanatomy with gene technology.
Neuroscience research, 2002Co-Authors: Yoshihiro YoshiharaAbstract:Functional logic employed by the nervous system for information processing resides mainly in the wiring patterns among specific types of neurons. Therefore, detailed knowledge on neuronal networks is essential for understanding a wide range of brain functions. A powerful and long-awaited method for analyzing the neuronal connectivity patterns would be to deliver tracers selectively to specific types of neurons and at the same time to label transsynaptically their axonal target neurons. For this purpose, we took advantage of a unique property of plant lectin, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), which has been used as a transsynaptic tracer in classical neuroanatomical studies. We developed a novel genetic strategy that employs WGA cDNA as a transgene, for the visualization of selective and functional Neural Pathways in the nervous system. In this article, I will introduce several examples of Neural Pathways visualized with the WGA transgene and discuss about its further refinement and applications.
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GAL4/UAS-WGA system as a powerful tool for tracing Drosophila transsynaptic Neural Pathways.
Journal of neuroscience research, 2000Co-Authors: Katsuhiko Tabuchi, Yoshihiro Yoshihara, Kazunobu Sawamoto, Emiko Suzuki, Koichi Ozaki, Masaki Sone, Chihiro Hama, Takako Tanifuji-morimoto, Yoshihiro Yuasa, Akinao NoseAbstract:Visualization of specific transsynaptic Neural Pathways is an indispensable technique for understanding the relationship between structure and function in the nervous system. Here, we demonstrate the application of the wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) transgene technique for tracing transsynaptic Neural Pathways in Drosophila. The intracellular localization of WGA was examined by immunoelectron microscopy. WGA signals were detected in granule-like structures in both the outer photoreceptor cells expressing WGA and the second-order laminar neurons. Misexpression of tetanus toxin (TNT), which inactivates N-synaptobrevin, in the outer photoreceptor cells resulted in the elimination of on/off transients in electroretinogram (ERG) recordings and in a great reduction in WGA transfer into laminar neurons, suggesting that anterograde WGA transsynaptic transfer is dependent mainly on synaptic transmission. Retrograde WGA transfer was also detected upon its forced expression in muscle cells. WGA primarily expressed in muscle cells was taken up by motoneuron axons and transported to their cell bodies in the ventral nerve cord, suggesting that WGA can trace motoneuronal Pathways in combination with the muscle-specific GAL4 driver. Thus, the GAL4/UAS-WGA system should facilitate the dissection of the Drosophila Neural circuit formation and/or synaptic activity in various regions and at various developmental stages. J. Neurosci. Res. 59:94–99, 2000 © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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A genetic approach to visualization of multisynaptic Neural Pathways using plant lectin transgene.
Neuron, 1999Co-Authors: Yoshihiro Yoshihara, Takeo Mizuno, Masakiyo Nakahira, Miwa Kawasaki, Yasuyoshi Watanabe, Hiroyuki Kagamiyama, Kou Ichi Jishage, Otoya Ueda, Hiroshi Suzuki, Katsuhiko TabuchiAbstract:The wiring patterns among various types of neurons via specific synaptic connections are the basis of functional logic employed by the brain for information processing. This study introduces a powerful method of analyzing the neuronal connectivity patterns by delivering a tracer selectively to specific types of neurons while simultaneously transsynaptically labeling their target neurons. We developed a novel genetic approach introducing cDNA for a plant lectin, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), as a transgene under the control of specific promoter elements. Using this method, we demonstrate three examples of visualization of specific transsynaptic Neural Pathways: the mouse cerebellar efferent Pathways, the mouse olfactory Pathways, and the Drosophila visual Pathways. This strategy should greatly facilitate studies on the anatomical and functional organization of the developing and mature nervous system.
Katsuhiko Tabuchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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GAL4/UAS-WGA system as a powerful tool for tracing Drosophila transsynaptic Neural Pathways.
Journal of neuroscience research, 2000Co-Authors: Katsuhiko Tabuchi, Yoshihiro Yoshihara, Kazunobu Sawamoto, Emiko Suzuki, Koichi Ozaki, Masaki Sone, Chihiro Hama, Takako Tanifuji-morimoto, Yoshihiro Yuasa, Akinao NoseAbstract:Visualization of specific transsynaptic Neural Pathways is an indispensable technique for understanding the relationship between structure and function in the nervous system. Here, we demonstrate the application of the wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) transgene technique for tracing transsynaptic Neural Pathways in Drosophila. The intracellular localization of WGA was examined by immunoelectron microscopy. WGA signals were detected in granule-like structures in both the outer photoreceptor cells expressing WGA and the second-order laminar neurons. Misexpression of tetanus toxin (TNT), which inactivates N-synaptobrevin, in the outer photoreceptor cells resulted in the elimination of on/off transients in electroretinogram (ERG) recordings and in a great reduction in WGA transfer into laminar neurons, suggesting that anterograde WGA transsynaptic transfer is dependent mainly on synaptic transmission. Retrograde WGA transfer was also detected upon its forced expression in muscle cells. WGA primarily expressed in muscle cells was taken up by motoneuron axons and transported to their cell bodies in the ventral nerve cord, suggesting that WGA can trace motoneuronal Pathways in combination with the muscle-specific GAL4 driver. Thus, the GAL4/UAS-WGA system should facilitate the dissection of the Drosophila Neural circuit formation and/or synaptic activity in various regions and at various developmental stages. J. Neurosci. Res. 59:94–99, 2000 © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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A genetic approach to visualization of multisynaptic Neural Pathways using plant lectin transgene.
Neuron, 1999Co-Authors: Yoshihiro Yoshihara, Takeo Mizuno, Masakiyo Nakahira, Miwa Kawasaki, Yasuyoshi Watanabe, Hiroyuki Kagamiyama, Kou Ichi Jishage, Otoya Ueda, Hiroshi Suzuki, Katsuhiko TabuchiAbstract:The wiring patterns among various types of neurons via specific synaptic connections are the basis of functional logic employed by the brain for information processing. This study introduces a powerful method of analyzing the neuronal connectivity patterns by delivering a tracer selectively to specific types of neurons while simultaneously transsynaptically labeling their target neurons. We developed a novel genetic approach introducing cDNA for a plant lectin, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), as a transgene under the control of specific promoter elements. Using this method, we demonstrate three examples of visualization of specific transsynaptic Neural Pathways: the mouse cerebellar efferent Pathways, the mouse olfactory Pathways, and the Drosophila visual Pathways. This strategy should greatly facilitate studies on the anatomical and functional organization of the developing and mature nervous system.
Stéphane Melik Parsadaniantz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Implication of Melanopsin and Trigeminal Neural Pathways in Blue Light Photosensitivity in vivo
Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2019Co-Authors: Veronika Marek, Elodie Reboussin, Julie Degardin-chicaud, Angéline Charbonnier, Alfredo Domínguez-lópez, Thierry Villette, Alexandre Denoyer, Christophe Baudouin, Annabelle Reaux-le Goazigo, Stéphane Melik ParsadaniantzAbstract:Photophobia may arise from various causes and frequently accompanies numerous ocular diseases. In modern highly illuminated world, complaints about greater photosensitivity to blue light increasingly appear. However, the pathophysiology of photophobia is still debated. In the present work, we investigated in vivo the role of various Neural Pathways potentially implicated in blue-light aversion. Moreover, we studied the light-induced neuroinflammatory processes on the ocular surface and in the trigeminal Pathways. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were exposed either to blue (400–500 nm) or to yellow (530–710 nm) LED light (3 h, 6 mW/cm2). Photosensitivity was measured as the time spent in dark or illuminated parts of the cage. Pharmacological treatments were applied: topical instillation of atropine, pilocarpine or oxybuprocaine, intravitreal injection of lidocaine, norepinephrine or “blocker” of the visual photoreceptor transmission, and intraperitoneal injection of a melanopsin antagonist. Clinical evaluations (ocular surface state, corneal mechanical sensitivity and tear quantity) were performed directly after exposure to light and after 3 days of recovery in standard light conditions. Trigeminal ganglia (TGs), brainstems and retinas were dissected out and conditioned for analyses. Mice demonstrated strong aversion to blue but not to yellow light. The only drug that significantly decreased the blue-light aversion was the intraperitoneally injected melanopsin antagonist. After blue-light exposure, dry-eye-related inflammatory signs were observed, notably after 3 days of recovery. In the retina, we observed the increased immunoreactivity for GFAP, ATF3, and Iba1; these data were corroborated by RT-qPCR. Moreover, retinal visual and non-visual photopigments distribution was altered. In the trigeminal pathway, we detected the increased mRNA expression of cFOS and ATF3 as well as alterations in cytokines’ levels. Thus, the wavelength-dependent light aversion was mainly mediated by melanopsin-containing cells, most likely in the retina. Other potential Pathways of light reception were also discussed. The phototoxic message was transmitted to the trigeminal system, inducing both inflammation at the ocular surface and stress in the retina. Further investigations of retina-TG connections are needed.
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Implication of Melanopsin and Trigeminal Neural Pathways in Blue Light Photosensitivity in vivo
Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2019Co-Authors: Veronika Marek, Elodie Reboussin, Julie Degardin-chicaud, Angéline Charbonnier, Alfredo Domínguez-lópez, Thierry Villette, Alexandre Denoyer, Christophe Baudouin, Annabelle Reaux-le Goazigo, Stéphane Melik ParsadaniantzAbstract:Photophobia may arise from various causes and frequently accompanies numerous ocular diseases. In modern highly illuminated world, complaints about greater photosensitivity to blue light increasingly appear. However, the pathophysiology of photophobia is still debated. In the present work, we investigated in vivo the role of various Neural Pathways potentially implicated in blue-light aversion. Moreover, we studied the light-induced neuroinflammatory processes on the ocular surface and in the trigeminal Pathways. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were exposed either to blue (400–500 nm) or to yellow (530–710 nm) LED light (3 h, 6 mW/cm2). Photosensitivity was measured as the time spent in dark or illuminated parts of the cage. Pharmacological treatments were applied: topical instillation of atropine, pilocarpine or oxybuprocaine, intravitreal injection of lidocaine, norepinephrine or “blocker” of the visual photoreceptor transmission, and intraperitoneal injection of a melanopsin antagonist. Clinical evaluations (ocular surface state, corneal mechanical sensitivity and tear quantity) were performed directly after exposure to light and after 3 days of recovery in standard light conditions. Trigeminal ganglia (TGs), brainstems and retinas were dissected out and conditioned for analyses. Mice demonstrated strong aversion to blue but not to yellow light. The only drug that significantly decreased the blue-light aversion was the intraperitoneally injected melanopsin antagonist. After blue-light exposure, dry-eye-related inflammatory signs were observed, notably after 3 days of recovery. In the retina, we observed the increased immunoreactivity for GFAP, ATF3, and Iba1; these data were corroborated by RT-qPCR. Moreover, retinal visual and non-visual photopigments distribution was altered. In the trigeminal pathway, we detected the increased mRNA expression of cFOS and ATF3 as well as alterations in cytokines’ levels. Thus, the wavelength-dependent light aversion was mainly mediated by melanopsin-containing cells, most likely in the retina. Other potential Pathways of light reception were also discussed. The phototoxic message was transmitted to the trigeminal system, inducing both inflammation at the ocular surface and stress in the retina. Further investigations of retina-TG connections are needed.
Akinao Nose - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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GAL4/UAS-WGA system as a powerful tool for tracing Drosophila transsynaptic Neural Pathways.
Journal of neuroscience research, 2000Co-Authors: Katsuhiko Tabuchi, Yoshihiro Yoshihara, Kazunobu Sawamoto, Emiko Suzuki, Koichi Ozaki, Masaki Sone, Chihiro Hama, Takako Tanifuji-morimoto, Yoshihiro Yuasa, Akinao NoseAbstract:Visualization of specific transsynaptic Neural Pathways is an indispensable technique for understanding the relationship between structure and function in the nervous system. Here, we demonstrate the application of the wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) transgene technique for tracing transsynaptic Neural Pathways in Drosophila. The intracellular localization of WGA was examined by immunoelectron microscopy. WGA signals were detected in granule-like structures in both the outer photoreceptor cells expressing WGA and the second-order laminar neurons. Misexpression of tetanus toxin (TNT), which inactivates N-synaptobrevin, in the outer photoreceptor cells resulted in the elimination of on/off transients in electroretinogram (ERG) recordings and in a great reduction in WGA transfer into laminar neurons, suggesting that anterograde WGA transsynaptic transfer is dependent mainly on synaptic transmission. Retrograde WGA transfer was also detected upon its forced expression in muscle cells. WGA primarily expressed in muscle cells was taken up by motoneuron axons and transported to their cell bodies in the ventral nerve cord, suggesting that WGA can trace motoneuronal Pathways in combination with the muscle-specific GAL4 driver. Thus, the GAL4/UAS-WGA system should facilitate the dissection of the Drosophila Neural circuit formation and/or synaptic activity in various regions and at various developmental stages. J. Neurosci. Res. 59:94–99, 2000 © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nieves Martinalguacil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clitoral sexual arousal neuronal tracing study from the clitoris through the spinal tracts
The Journal of Urology, 2008Co-Authors: Nieves Martinalguacil, Justine M Schober, Donald W Pfaff, Dale R Sengelaub, Deborah N ShelleyAbstract:Purpose: Although genital tactile stimulation is regarded as a precursor to sexual arousal and a recognized initiator of central nervous system arousal, specific afferent Neural Pathways transmit sensory stimuli of arousal, beginning at the epithelial level on the clitoris and following the course of arousal stimuli through the central nervous system. Limited knowledge exists of the pathway from the cutaneous receptors of nerves originating in the epithelial tissue of the clitoris and continuing to spinal cord afferents. Such information may contribute to an understanding of sexual arousal, particularly in female vertebrates. We further defined the Neural Pathways and mechanisms responsible for arousal originating in the epithelium of the clitoris as well as related Neural Pathways to the spinal cord in a murine model.Materials and Methods: We performed a comprehensive review of the published relevant clinical and histological material from human and nonhuman vertebrate studies. In 29 adult female C57B1/6...