The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Margot J Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the Neural correlates of visuo spatial working memory in children with autism spectrum disorder effects of cognitive load
    Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2014
    Co-Authors: Vanessa M Vogan, Benjamin R Morgan, Wayne Lee, Tamara L Powell, Mary Lou Smith, Margot J Taylor
    Abstract:

    Background Research on the Neural bases of cognitive deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has shown that working memory (WM) difficulties are associated with abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex. However, cognitive load impacts these findings, and no studies have examined the relation between WM load and Neural Underpinnings in children with ASD. Thus, the current study determined the effects of cognitive load on WM, using a visuo-spatial WM capacity task in children with and without ASD with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Ralph Adolphs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cognitive neuroscience of human social behaviour
    Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2003
    Co-Authors: Ralph Adolphs
    Abstract:

    We are an intensely social species--it has been argued that our social nature defines what makes us human, what makes us conscious or what gave us our large brains. As a new field, the social brain sciences are probing the Neural Underpinnings of social behaviour and have produced a banquet of data that are both tantalizing and deeply puzzling. We are finding new links between emotion and reason, between action and perception, and between representations of other people and ourselves. No less important are the links that are also being established across disciplines to understand social behaviour, as neuroscientists, social psychologists, anthropologists, ethologists and philosophers forge new collaborations.

  • Social cognition and the human brain
    Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1999
    Co-Authors: Ralph Adolphs
    Abstract:

    Humans are exceedingly social animals, but the Neural Underpinnings of social cognition and behavior are not well understood. Studies in humans and other primates have pointed to several structures that play a key role in guiding social behaviors: the amygdala, ventromedial frontal cortices, and right somatosensory-related cortex, among others. These structures appear to mediate between perceptual representations of socially relevant stimuli, such as the sight of conspecifics, and retrieval of knowledge (or elicitation of behaviors) that such stimuli can trigger. Current debates concern the extent to which social cognition draws upon processing specialized for social information, and the relative contributions made to social cognition by innate and acquired knowledge.

Hame Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • shared Neural Underpinnings of multisensory integration and trial by trial perceptual recalibration in humans
    eLife, 2019
    Co-Authors: Hame Park, Christoph Kayser
    Abstract:

    Perception adapts to mismatching multisensory information, both when different cues appear simultaneously and when they appear sequentially. While both multisensory integration and adaptive trial-by-trial recalibration are central for behavior, it remains unknown whether they are mechanistically linked and arise from a common Neural substrate. To relate the Neural Underpinnings of sensory integration and recalibration, we measured whole-brain magnetoencephalography while human participants performed an audio-visual ventriloquist task. Using single-trial multivariate analysis, we localized the perceptually-relevant encoding of multisensory information within and between trials. While we found Neural signatures of multisensory integration within temporal and parietal regions, only medial superior parietal activity encoded past and current sensory information and mediated the perceptual recalibration within and between trials. These results highlight a common Neural substrate of sensory integration and perceptual recalibration, and reveal a role of medial parietal regions in linking present and previous multisensory evidence to guide adaptive behavior.

  • shared Neural Underpinnings of multisensory integration and trial by trial perceptual recalibration
    bioRxiv, 2019
    Co-Authors: Hame Park, Christoph Kayser
    Abstract:

    Abstract Multisensory stimuli create behavioral flexibility, e.g. by allowing us to derive a weighted combination of the information received by different senses. They also allow perception to adapt to discrepancies in the sensory world, e.g. by biasing the judgement of unisensory cues based on preceding multisensory evidence. While both facets of multisensory perception are central for behavior, it remains unknown whether they arise from a common Neural substrate. In fact, very little is known about the Neural mechanisms underlying multisensory perceptual recalibration. To reveal these, we measured whole-brain activity using MEG while human participants performed an audio-visual ventriloquist paradigm designed to reveal multisensory integration within a trial, and the (trial-by-trial) recalibration of subsequent unisensory judgements. Using single trial classification and behavioral modelling, we localized the encoding of sensory information within and between trials, and determined the behavioral relevance of candidate Neural representations. While we found Neural signatures of perceptual integration within temporal and parietal regions, of these, only medial superior parietal activity retained multisensory information between trials and combined this with current evidence to mediate perceptual recalibration. These results suggest a common Neural substrate of sensory integration and trial-by-trial perceptual recalibration, and expose the medial superior parietal cortex as a flexible hub that links present and previous evidence within and between senses to guide behavior.

Chiara Begliomini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the impulsive brain Neural Underpinnings of binge eating behavior in normal weight adults
    Appetite, 2019
    Co-Authors: Rossella Oliva, Filip Morys, Annette Horstmann, Umberto Castiello, Chiara Begliomini
    Abstract:

    Abstract Converging evidence suggests that dysfunctional inhibitory control might be at the roots of overeating and binge eating disorder (BED). The majority of these results stems from studies on obese populations, however we hypothesized that potential prodromes might be evident also in non-clinical conditions, when binge eating episodes are present (without a diagnosis of BED) and a normal Body Mass Index is preserved. To explore this issue, brain activity of 42 normal weight individuals with and without binge eating episodes (21 binge eaters and 21 non-binge eaters, BE and non-BE respectively) was assessed by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during response inhibition tasks. We adopted a food-modified version of a go/no-go (GNG) and stop signal task (SST): these tasks investigate different aspects of inhibitory control (action restraint and cancellation) that have been rarely studied in the same individuals but that are known to involve different Neural networks. In addition, impulsivity traits were assessed with self-report instruments. Despite similar behavioral performances, the two groups differed in trait impulsivity and brain activity. The fMRI results revealed differential engagement of fronto-striatal regions between the groups during the tasks. The BE group, compared to non-BE, showed lower activation of the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and Putamen during the GNG task, and higher activation of the left MFG during the SST. These findings provide evidence of a dissociation of the Neural Underpinnings of action restraint and cancellation in impulsive individuals. Moreover, they add support to the hypothesis that impulsivity may be a possible hallmark of binge eating behavior (in the absence of weight or full-blown eating disorders) and yield new insights on the role of regions typically involved in response inhibition and selection as possible substrates of impulsive eating.

  • Neural Underpinnings of the agent brain new evidence from transcranial direct current stimulation
    European Journal of Neuroscience, 2015
    Co-Authors: Annachiara Cavazzana, Barbara Penolazzi, Chiara Begliomini, Patrizia Bisiacchi
    Abstract:

    Intentional binding (IB) refers to the temporal compression between a voluntary action and its sensory effect, and it is considered an implicit measure of sense of agency (SoA), that is, the capacity to control one's own actions. IB has been thoroughly studied from a behavioural point of view but only few studies have investigated its Neural Underpinnings, always using the same two paradigms. Although providing evidence that the supplementary motor complex is involved, findings are still too scarce to draw definitive conclusions. The aim of the present study was to establish a causal relationship between the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), known for its key role in action planning and initiation, and IB by means of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Participants underwent anodal, cathodal and sham control stimulations during three separate sessions (Experiment I). Subsequently, they underwent the same stimulation protocol (Experiment II) using as control a region potentially involved in the processing of the sensory effects of voluntary action (i.e., the right primary auditory cortex for the auditory effects of action). A significant reduction in IB was found only after stimulation of the pre-SMA, which supports the causal contribution of this prefrontal area in the perceived linkage between action and its effects. As SoA could be disrupted in many psychiatric and neurological diseases, these results have direct clinical relevance as tDCS could be successfully used in this domain in virtue of the promising advantages it offers for rehabilitation.

Keely A Muscatell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the Neural Underpinnings of intergroup social cognition an fmri meta analysis
    Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2021
    Co-Authors: Carrington Merritt, Jennifer K Maccormack, Andrea G Stein, Kristen A Lindquist, Keely A Muscatell
    Abstract:

    Roughly twenty years of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have investigated the Neural correlates underlying engagement in social cognition (e.g., empathy, emotion perception) about targets spanning various social categories (e.g., race, gender). Yet findings from individual studies remain mixed. In the present quantitative functional neuroimaging meta-analysis, we summarized across 50 fMRI studies of social cognition to identify consistent differences in Neural activation as a function of whether the target of social cognition was an ingroup or outgroup member. We investigated if such differences varied according to social category (i.e., race) and social cognitive process (i.e., empathy, emotion perception). We found that social cognition about ingroup members was more reliably related to activity in brain regions associated with mentalizing (e.g., dmPFC), whereas social cognition about outgroup members was more reliably related to activity in regions associated with exogenous attention and salience (e.g., anterior insula). These findings replicated for studies specifically focused on the social category of race, and we further found intergroup differences in Neural activation during empathy and emotion perception tasks. These results help shed light on the Neural mechanisms underlying social cognition across group lines.