The Experts below are selected from a list of 23382 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Emi Takahashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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asymmetry of radial and symmetry of tangential Neuronal Migration pathways in developing human fetal brains
Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 2016Co-Authors: Yuta Miyazaki, Jae W Song, Emi TakahashiAbstract:Abstract The radial and tangential neural Migration pathways are two major Neuronal Migration streams in humans that are critical during corticogenesis. Corticogenesis is a complex process of Neuronal proliferation that is followed by Neuronal Migration and the formation of axonal connections. Existing histological assessments of these two Neuronal Migration pathways have limitations inherent to microscopic studies and are confined to small anatomic regions of interest. Thus, little evidence is available about their three-dimensional fiber pathways and development throughout the entire brain. In this study, we imaged and analyzed radial and tangential Migration pathways in the whole human brain using high-angular resolution diffusion MR imaging (HARDI) tractography. We imaged ten fixed, postmortem fetal (17 gestational weeks (GW), 18 GW, 19 GW, three 20 GW, three 21 GW and 22 GW) and eight in vivo newborn (two 30 GW, 34 GW, 35 GW and four 40 GW) brains with no neurological/pathological conditions. We statistically compared the volume of the left and right radial and tangential Migration pathways, and the volume of the radial Migration pathways of the anterior and posterior regions of the brain. In specimens 22 GW or younger, the volume of radial Migration pathways of the left hemisphere was significantly larger than that of the right hemisphere. The volume of posterior radial Migration pathways was also larger when compared to the anterior pathways in specimens 22 GW or younger. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the radial Migration pathways of brains older than 22 GW. Moreover, our study did not identify any significant differences in volumetric laterality in the tangential Migration pathways. These results suggest that these two Neuronal Migration pathways develop and regress differently, and radial Neuronal Migration varies regionally based on hemispheric and anterior-posterior laterality, potentially explaining regional differences in the amount of excitatory neurons that migrate along the radial scaffold.
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asymmetry of radial and symmetry of tangential Neuronal Migration pathways in developing human fetal brains
Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 2016Co-Authors: Yuta Miyazaki, Jae W Song, Emi TakahashiAbstract:Abstract The radial and tangential neural Migration pathways are two major Neuronal Migration streams in humans that are critical during corticogenesis. Corticogenesis is a complex process of Neuronal proliferation that is followed by Neuronal Migration and the formation of axonal connections. Existing histological assessments of these two Neuronal Migration pathways have limitations inherent to microscopic studies and are confined to small anatomic regions of interest. Thus, little evidence is available about their three-dimensional fiber pathways and development throughout the entire brain. In this study, we imaged and analyzed radial and tangential Migration pathways in the whole human brain using high-angular resolution diffusion MR imaging (HARDI) tractography. We imaged ten fixed, postmortem fetal (17 gestational weeks (GW), 18 GW, 19 GW, three 20 GW, three 21 GW and 22 GW) and eight in vivo newborn (two 30 GW, 34 GW, 35 GW and four 40 GW) brains with no neurological/pathological conditions. We statistically compared the volume of the left and right radial and tangential Migration pathways, and the volume of the radial Migration pathways of the anterior and posterior regions of the brain. In specimens 22 GW or younger, the volume of radial Migration pathways of the left hemisphere was significantly larger than that of the right hemisphere. The volume of posterior radial Migration pathways was also larger when compared to the anterior pathways in specimens 22 GW or younger. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the radial Migration pathways of brains older than 22 GW. Moreover, our study did not identify any significant differences in volumetric laterality in the tangential Migration pathways. These results suggest that these two Neuronal Migration pathways develop and regress differently, and radial Neuronal Migration varies regionally based on hemispheric and anterior-posterior laterality, potentially explaining regional differences in the amount of excitatory neurons that migrate along the radial scaffold.
Yuta Miyazaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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asymmetry of radial and symmetry of tangential Neuronal Migration pathways in developing human fetal brains
Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 2016Co-Authors: Yuta Miyazaki, Jae W Song, Emi TakahashiAbstract:Abstract The radial and tangential neural Migration pathways are two major Neuronal Migration streams in humans that are critical during corticogenesis. Corticogenesis is a complex process of Neuronal proliferation that is followed by Neuronal Migration and the formation of axonal connections. Existing histological assessments of these two Neuronal Migration pathways have limitations inherent to microscopic studies and are confined to small anatomic regions of interest. Thus, little evidence is available about their three-dimensional fiber pathways and development throughout the entire brain. In this study, we imaged and analyzed radial and tangential Migration pathways in the whole human brain using high-angular resolution diffusion MR imaging (HARDI) tractography. We imaged ten fixed, postmortem fetal (17 gestational weeks (GW), 18 GW, 19 GW, three 20 GW, three 21 GW and 22 GW) and eight in vivo newborn (two 30 GW, 34 GW, 35 GW and four 40 GW) brains with no neurological/pathological conditions. We statistically compared the volume of the left and right radial and tangential Migration pathways, and the volume of the radial Migration pathways of the anterior and posterior regions of the brain. In specimens 22 GW or younger, the volume of radial Migration pathways of the left hemisphere was significantly larger than that of the right hemisphere. The volume of posterior radial Migration pathways was also larger when compared to the anterior pathways in specimens 22 GW or younger. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the radial Migration pathways of brains older than 22 GW. Moreover, our study did not identify any significant differences in volumetric laterality in the tangential Migration pathways. These results suggest that these two Neuronal Migration pathways develop and regress differently, and radial Neuronal Migration varies regionally based on hemispheric and anterior-posterior laterality, potentially explaining regional differences in the amount of excitatory neurons that migrate along the radial scaffold.
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asymmetry of radial and symmetry of tangential Neuronal Migration pathways in developing human fetal brains
Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 2016Co-Authors: Yuta Miyazaki, Jae W Song, Emi TakahashiAbstract:Abstract The radial and tangential neural Migration pathways are two major Neuronal Migration streams in humans that are critical during corticogenesis. Corticogenesis is a complex process of Neuronal proliferation that is followed by Neuronal Migration and the formation of axonal connections. Existing histological assessments of these two Neuronal Migration pathways have limitations inherent to microscopic studies and are confined to small anatomic regions of interest. Thus, little evidence is available about their three-dimensional fiber pathways and development throughout the entire brain. In this study, we imaged and analyzed radial and tangential Migration pathways in the whole human brain using high-angular resolution diffusion MR imaging (HARDI) tractography. We imaged ten fixed, postmortem fetal (17 gestational weeks (GW), 18 GW, 19 GW, three 20 GW, three 21 GW and 22 GW) and eight in vivo newborn (two 30 GW, 34 GW, 35 GW and four 40 GW) brains with no neurological/pathological conditions. We statistically compared the volume of the left and right radial and tangential Migration pathways, and the volume of the radial Migration pathways of the anterior and posterior regions of the brain. In specimens 22 GW or younger, the volume of radial Migration pathways of the left hemisphere was significantly larger than that of the right hemisphere. The volume of posterior radial Migration pathways was also larger when compared to the anterior pathways in specimens 22 GW or younger. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the radial Migration pathways of brains older than 22 GW. Moreover, our study did not identify any significant differences in volumetric laterality in the tangential Migration pathways. These results suggest that these two Neuronal Migration pathways develop and regress differently, and radial Neuronal Migration varies regionally based on hemispheric and anterior-posterior laterality, potentially explaining regional differences in the amount of excitatory neurons that migrate along the radial scaffold.
Kazue Hashimototorii - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prenatal environment that affects Neuronal Migration
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Hye Hwang, Ray Yueh Ku, Kazue HashimototoriiAbstract:Migration of neurons starts in the prenatal period and continues into infancy. This developmental process is crucial for forming a proper Neuronal network, and the disturbance of this process results in dysfunction of the brain such as epilepsy. Prenatal exposure to environmental stress, including alcohol, drugs, and inflammation, disrupts Neuronal Migration and causes Neuronal Migration Disorders (NMDs). In this review, we summarize recent findings on this topic and specifically focusing on two different modes of Migration, radial and tangential Migration during cortical development. The shared mechanisms underlying the NMDs are discussed by comparing the molecular changes in impaired Neuronal Migration under exposure to different types of prenatal environmental stress.
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interaction between reelin and notch signaling regulates Neuronal Migration in the cerebral cortex
Neuron, 2008Co-Authors: Kazue Hashimototorii, Matthew R Sarkisian, Christopher M Bartley, Masaaki Torii, Jie Shen, Freddy Radtke, Thomas Gridley, Nenad Sestan, Pasko RakicAbstract:Neuronal Migration is a fundamental component of brain development whose failure is associated with various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Reelin is essential for the stereotypical inside-out sequential lamination of the neocortex, but the molecular mechanisms of its action still remain unclear. Here we show that regulation of Notch activity plays an important part in Reelin-signal-dependent Neuronal Migration. We found that Reelin-deficient mice have reduced levels of the cleaved form of Notch intracellular domain (Notch ICD) and that loss of Notch signaling in migrating neurons results in Migration and morphology defects. Further, overexpression of Notch ICD mitigates the laminar and morphological abnormalities of migrating neurons in Reeler. Finally, our in vitro biochemical studies show that Reelin signaling inhibits Notch ICD degradation via Dab1. Together, our results indicate that Neuronal Migration in the developing cerebral cortex requires a Reelin-Notch interaction.
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mekk4 signaling regulates filamin expression and Neuronal Migration
Neuron, 2006Co-Authors: Matthew R Sarkisian, Kazue Hashimototorii, Christopher M Bartley, Hongbo Chi, Fumihiko Nakamura, Masaaki Torii, Richard A Flavell, Pasko RakicAbstract:Periventricular heterotopia (PVH) is a congenital malformation of human cerebral cortex frequently associated with Filamin-A (FLN-A) mutations but the pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that the MEKK4 (MAP3K4) pathway is involved in Fln-A regulation and PVH formation. MEKK4(-/-) mice developed PVH associated with breaches in the neuroependymal lining which were largely comprised of neurons that failed to reach the cortical plate. RNA interference (RNAi) targeting MEKK4 also impaired Neuronal Migration. Expression of Fln was elevated in MEKK4(-/-) forebrain, most notably near sites of failed Neuronal Migration. Importantly, recombinant MKK4 protein precipitated a complex containing MEKK4 and Fln-A, and MKK4 mediated signaling between MEKK4 and Fln-A, suggesting that MKK4 may bridge these molecules during development. Finally, we showed that wild-type FLN-A overexpression inhibited Neuronal Migration. Collectively, our results demonstrate a link between MEKK4 and Fln-A that impacts Neuronal Migration initiation and provides insight into the pathogenesis of human PVH.
Heinz Schwarz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neuronal Migration in the murine rostral migratory stream requires serum response factor
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005Co-Authors: Siegfried Alberti, Sven M Krause, Oliver Kretz, Ulrike Philippar, Thomas Lemberger, Emilio Casanova, Franziska F Wiebel, Heinz SchwarzAbstract:The central nervous system is fundamentally dependent on guided cell Migration, both during development and in adulthood. We report an absolute requirement of the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) for Neuronal Migration in the mouse forebrain. Conditional, late-prenatal deletion of Srf causes neurons to accumulate ectopically at the subventricular zone (SVZ), a prime neurogenic region in the brain. SRF-deficient cells of the SVZ exhibit impaired tangential chain Migration along the rostral migratory stream into the olfactory bulb. SVZ explants display retarded chain Migration in vitro. Regarding target genes, SRF deficiency impairs expression of the β-actin and gelsolin genes, accompanied by reduced cytoskeletal actin fiber density. At the posttranslational level, cofilin, a key regulator of actin dynamics, displays dramatically elevated inhibitory phosphorylation at Ser-3. Our studies indicate that SRF-controlled gene expression directs both the structure and dynamics of the actin microfilament, thereby determining cell-autonomous Neuronal Migration.
Arezu Jahaniasl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the x linked intellectual disability protein phf6 associates with the paf1 complex and regulates Neuronal Migration in the mammalian brain
Neuron, 2013Co-Authors: Chi Zhang, Luis A Mejia, Ju Huang, Pamela Valnegri, Eric J Bennett, Julius Anckar, Arezu JahaniaslAbstract:Intellectual disability is a prevalent disorder that remains incurable. Mutations of the X-linked protein PHF6 cause the intellectual disability disorder Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS). However, the biological role of PHF6 relevant to BFLS pathogenesis has remained unknown. We report that knockdown of PHF6 profoundly impairs Neuronal Migration in the mouse cerebral cortex in vivo, leading to the formation of white matter heterotopias displaying Neuronal hyperexcitability. We find that PHF6 physically associates with the PAF1 transcription elongation complex, and inhibition of PAF1 phenocopies the PHF6 knockdown-induced Migration phenotype in vivo. We also identify Neuroglycan C/Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 5 (NGC/CSPG5), a potential schizophrenia susceptibility gene, as a critical downstream target of PHF6 in the control of Neuronal Migration. These findings define PHF6, PAF1, and NGC/CSPG5 as components of a cell-intrinsic transcriptional pathway that orchestrates Neuronal Migration in the brain, with important implications for the pathogenesis of developmental disorders of cognition.