The Experts below are selected from a list of 294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ulrik Gether - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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slc6 neurotransmitter transporters structure function and regulation
Pharmacological Reviews, 2011Co-Authors: Anders S Kristensen, Lena Sorensen, Jacob Eriksen, Claus J Loland, Trine N. Jørgensen, Jacob Andersen, Kristian Strømgaard, Ulrik GetherAbstract:The neurotransmitter transporters (NTTs) belonging to the solute carrier 6 ( SLC6 ) gene family (also referred to as the neurotransmitter-sodium-symporter family or Na+/Cl−-dependent transporters) comprise a group of nine sodium- and chloride-dependent plasma membrane transporters for the monoamine Neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), dopamine, and norepinephrine, and the amino acid Neurotransmitters GABA and glycine. The SLC6 NTTs are widely expressed in the mammalian brain and play an essential role in regulating neurotransmitter signaling and homeostasis by mediating uptake of released Neurotransmitters from the extracellular space into neurons and glial cells. The transporters are targets for a wide range of therapeutic drugs used in treatment of psychiatric diseases, including major depression, anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy. Furthermore, psychostimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines have the SLC6 NTTs as primary targets. Beginning with the determination of a high-resolution structure of a prokaryotic homolog of the mammalian SLC6 transporters in 2005, the understanding of the molecular structure, function, and pharmacology of these proteins has advanced rapidly. Furthermore, intensive efforts have been directed toward understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in regulation of the activity of this important class of transporters, leading to new methodological developments and important insights. This review provides an update of these advances and their implications for the current understanding of the SLC6 NTTs.
Richard J Miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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receptor mediated regulation of calcium channels and neurotransmitter release
The FASEB Journal, 1990Co-Authors: Richard J MillerAbstract:Ca2+ influx into the nerve terminal is normally the trigger for the release of Neurotransmitters. Many neurons possess presynaptic receptors whose activation results in changes in the quantity of neurotransmitter released by an action potential. This paper reviews studies that show that presynaptic receptors can regulate the activity of Ca2+ channels in the nerve terminal, resulting in changes in the influx of Ca2+ and in neurotransmitter release. Neurons possess several different types of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels. Ca2+ influx through N-type channels appears to trigger transmitter release in many instances. In other cases Ca2+ influx through L channels can influence transmitter release. Neurotransmitters can inhibit N channels through a G protein-mediated transduction mechanism. The G proteins are frequently pertussis toxin substrates. Inhibition of N channels appears to involve changes in their voltage dependence. Neurotransmitters can also regulate neuronal K+ channels. Activation of these K+ cha...
Anders S Kristensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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slc6 neurotransmitter transporters structure function and regulation
Pharmacological Reviews, 2011Co-Authors: Anders S Kristensen, Lena Sorensen, Jacob Eriksen, Claus J Loland, Trine N. Jørgensen, Jacob Andersen, Kristian Strømgaard, Ulrik GetherAbstract:The neurotransmitter transporters (NTTs) belonging to the solute carrier 6 ( SLC6 ) gene family (also referred to as the neurotransmitter-sodium-symporter family or Na+/Cl−-dependent transporters) comprise a group of nine sodium- and chloride-dependent plasma membrane transporters for the monoamine Neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), dopamine, and norepinephrine, and the amino acid Neurotransmitters GABA and glycine. The SLC6 NTTs are widely expressed in the mammalian brain and play an essential role in regulating neurotransmitter signaling and homeostasis by mediating uptake of released Neurotransmitters from the extracellular space into neurons and glial cells. The transporters are targets for a wide range of therapeutic drugs used in treatment of psychiatric diseases, including major depression, anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy. Furthermore, psychostimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines have the SLC6 NTTs as primary targets. Beginning with the determination of a high-resolution structure of a prokaryotic homolog of the mammalian SLC6 transporters in 2005, the understanding of the molecular structure, function, and pharmacology of these proteins has advanced rapidly. Furthermore, intensive efforts have been directed toward understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in regulation of the activity of this important class of transporters, leading to new methodological developments and important insights. This review provides an update of these advances and their implications for the current understanding of the SLC6 NTTs.
Sebastian Kruss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nanosensors for Neurotransmitters
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Elena Polo, Sebastian KrussAbstract:Neurotransmitters are an important class of messenger molecules. They govern chemical communication between cells for example in the brain. The spatiotemporal propagation of these chemical signals is a crucial part of communication between cells. Thus, the spatial aspect of neurotransmitter release is equally important as the mere time-resolved measurement of these substances. In conclusion, without tools that provide the necessary spatiotemporal resolution, chemical signaling via Neurotransmitters cannot be studied in greater detail. In this review article we provide a critical overview about sensors/probes that are able to monitor Neurotransmitters. Our focus are sensing concepts that provide or could in the future provide the spatiotemporal resolution that is necessary to ‘image’ dynamic changes of neurotransmitter concentrations around cells. These requirements set the bar for the type of sensors we discuss. The sensor must be small enough (if possible on the nanoscale) to provide the envisioned spatial resolution and it should allow parallel (spatial) detection. In this article we discuss both optical and electrochemical concepts that meet these criteria. We cover techniques that are based on fluorescent building blocks such as nanomaterials, proteins and organic dyes. Additionally, we review electrochemical array techniques and assess limitations and possible future directions.
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neurotransmitter detection using corona phase molecular recognition on fluorescent single walled carbon nanotube sensors
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2014Co-Authors: Sebastian Kruss, Markita P Landry, Emma Vander Ende, Barbara M A Lima, Justin T Nelson, Andrew J Hilmer, Nigel Forest Reuel, Jingqing Zhang, Bin Mu, Michael S StranoAbstract:Temporal and spatial changes in neurotransmitter concentrations are central to information processing in neural networks. Therefore, biosensors for Neurotransmitters are essential tools for neuroscience. In this work, we applied a new technique, corona phase molecular recognition (CoPhMoRe), to identify adsorbed polymer phases on fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that allow for the selective detection of specific Neurotransmitters, including dopamine. We functionalized and suspended SWCNTs with a library of different polymers (n = 30) containing phospholipids, nucleic acids, and amphiphilic polymers to study how Neurotransmitters modulate the resulting band gap, near-infrared (nIR) fluorescence of the SWCNT. We identified several corona phases that enable the selective detection of Neurotransmitters. Catecholamines such as dopamine increased the fluorescence of specific single-stranded DNA- and RNA-wrapped SWCNTs by 58–80% upon addition of 100 μM dopamine depending on the SWCNT chirality...
Yoon-bo Shim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Conducting polymer-based electrochemical biosensors for Neurotransmitters: A review
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2018Co-Authors: Jong Min Moon, Neeta Thapliyal, Khalil Khadim Hussain, Rajendra N. Goyal, Yoon-bo ShimAbstract:Neurotransmitters are important biochemical molecules that control behavioral and physiological functions in central and peripheral nervous system. Therefore, the analysis of Neurotransmitters in biological samples has a great clinical and pharmaceutical importance. To date, various methods have been developed for their assay. Of the various methods, the electrochemical sensors demonstrated the potential of being robust, selective, sensitive, and real time measurements. Recently, conducting polymers (CPs) and their composites have been widely employed in the fabrication of various electrochemical sensors for the determination of Neurotransmitters. Hence, this review presents a brief introduction to the electrochemical biosensors, with the detailed discussion on recent trends in the development and applications of electrochemical neurotransmitter sensors based on CPs and their composites. The review covers the sensing principle of prime Neurotransmitters, including glutamate, aspartate, tyrosine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine, choline, acetylcholine, nitrogen monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide. In addition, the combination with other analytical techniques was also highlighted. Detection challenges and future prospective of the neurotransmitter sensors were discussed for the development of biomedical and healthcare applications.
