The Experts below are selected from a list of 21984 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Anthony J. Hannan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Differential effects of voluntary physical exercise on behavioral and brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression deficits in huntington’s disease transgenic mice
    Neuroscience, 2006
    Co-Authors: Terence Y. Pang, Nathan C. Stam, Jess Nithianantharajah, Monique L. Howard, Anthony J. Hannan
    Abstract:

    Huntington's disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation of the huntingtin gene and involves progressive motor abnormalities (including chorea), cognitive deficits (dementia) as well as psychiatric symptoms. We have previously demonstrated that environmental enrichment slows the onset and progression of Huntington's disease in transgenic mice. Here, we investigated the effects of enhanced physical exercise on disease progression and brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression. Standard-housed Huntington's disease mice developed phenotypic rear-paw clasping by 16 weeks of age, displayed abnormal rearing behavior, deficits in motor co-ordination and of spatial working memory. Huntington's disease mice with access to running wheels exhibited delayed onset of rear-paw clasping, normalized levels of rearing behavior and amelioration of the cognitive deficits. However, in contrast to our previous environmental enrichment studies, there was no rescue of motor coordination deficits in wheel-running Huntington's disease mice. An abnormal accumulation of brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor protein in the frontal cortex of Huntington's disease mice was unaffected by running. Striatal and hippocampal brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor protein levels were unchanged. Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor mRNA levels were reduced in the anterior cortex, striatum and hippocampus of Huntington's disease mice, and only striatal deficits were ameliorated by running. Overall, we show that voluntary physical exercise delays the onset of Huntington's disease and the decline in cognitive ability. In addition, our results reveal that some aspects of hippocampal dependent memory are not entirely reliant on sustained hippocampal brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression.

  • differential effects of voluntary physical exercise on behavioral and brain derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression deficits in huntington s disease transgenic mice
    Neuroscience, 2006
    Co-Authors: Terence Y. Pang, Nathan C. Stam, Jess Nithianantharajah, Monique L. Howard, Anthony J. Hannan
    Abstract:

    Huntington's disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation of the huntingtin gene and involves progressive motor abnormalities (including chorea), cognitive deficits (dementia) as well as psychiatric symptoms. We have previously demonstrated that environmental enrichment slows the onset and progression of Huntington's disease in transgenic mice. Here, we investigated the effects of enhanced physical exercise on disease progression and brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression. Standard-housed Huntington's disease mice developed phenotypic rear-paw clasping by 16 weeks of age, displayed abnormal rearing behavior, deficits in motor co-ordination and of spatial working memory. Huntington's disease mice with access to running wheels exhibited delayed onset of rear-paw clasping, normalized levels of rearing behavior and amelioration of the cognitive deficits. However, in contrast to our previous environmental enrichment studies, there was no rescue of motor coordination deficits in wheel-running Huntington's disease mice. An abnormal accumulation of brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor protein in the frontal cortex of Huntington's disease mice was unaffected by running. Striatal and hippocampal brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor protein levels were unchanged. Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor mRNA levels were reduced in the anterior cortex, striatum and hippocampus of Huntington's disease mice, and only striatal deficits were ameliorated by running. Overall, we show that voluntary physical exercise delays the onset of Huntington's disease and the decline in cognitive ability. In addition, our results reveal that some aspects of hippocampal dependent memory are not entirely reliant on sustained hippocampal brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression.

Luciana Castaldo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Glial cell line-derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the brain of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).
    Histology and histopathology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Carla Lucini, L. Maruccio, Marco Vincenzo Patruno, S. Tafuri, N. Staiano, Francesco Mascarello, Luciana Castaldo
    Abstract:

    In mammals, glial cell line-derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) is a growth Factor of many neuronal populations in the central, peripheral and autonomous nervous system. GDNF may also function as a morphogen during kidney development and may regulate spermatogonial differentiation. GDNF has been characterised in zebrafish embryos and was demonstrated experimentally to be critical for the development of the enteric nervous system. However, in adult zebrafish, no data exist regarding GDNF Expression and localisation in the brain and in different organs. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the Expression of GDNF in the brain of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Transcripts of GDNF mRNA were observed in brain extracts by a standard RT-PCR. The presence of the protein in the brain homogenates was confirmed by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and Western blotting analysis. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization experiments showed that GDNF protein and mRNA were localised in various nuclei of the telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum and medulla oblongata of the zebrafish brain. In conclusion, this study showed that the Expression of GDNF was not restricted to developmental periods but it seems that this Factor might be involved in adult zebrafish brain physiology, as observed in mammals.

  • Glial cell line-derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the retina of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio).
    Neuroscience letters, 2007
    Co-Authors: Carla Lucini, L. Maruccio, Marco Vincenzo Patruno, Francesco Mascarello, Tiziana Martinello, Luciana Castaldo
    Abstract:

    The glial cell line-derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) is a well-known growth Factor acting on many neuronal populations of central, peripheral and autonomous nervous system. This Factor was also previously detected in the retina of developing rat and chicken while no data are available for the zebrafish. In this study transcripts of GDNF mRNA were observed in adult retina extracts by RT-PCR. The presence of the GDNF protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis in adult retina homogenates. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical experiments demonstrated that GDNF mRNA and protein localized in the photoreceptors, in the outer nuclear layer, in the inner plexiform layer and in the ganglion cell layer. These results showed that the Expression of GDNF is not probably restricted during development but it might be involved in the physiology of adult zebrafish retina.

Tomiko Yakura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Neonatal repetitive maternal separation causes long-lasting alterations in various Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the cerebral cortex of rats.
    Life sciences, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kyoung-youl Lee, Takanori Miki, Toshifumi Yokoyama, Masaaki Ueki, Katsuhiko Warita, Shingo Suzuki, Ken-ichi Ohta, Zhi-yu Wang, Mostofa Jamal, Tomiko Yakura
    Abstract:

    This study was carried out to examine the effects of early postnatal maternal separation stress on the development of the cerebral cortex with respect to time-dependent fluctuations of Neurotrophic Factor ligand and receptor Expression. Wistar rats were separated from their mothers for 3h per day during postnatal days (PND) 10 to 15. The cerebral cortex was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR for the evaluation of the Expression of mRNA for brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), TrkB, insulin-like growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), and type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) on PND16, 20, 30, and 60. The Expression of these Neurotrophic Factor ligands and receptors in the cerebral cortex was enhanced on PND16 and PND20, and then it returned to baseline levels on PND30. By PND60, however, the Expression levels were attenuated. The important implication of this study is the persistent abnormal fluctuation of Neurotrophic Factor Expression for a prolonged period, triggered even after the brain growth spurt. Given that Neurotrophic Factors play important roles in brain development, it can be speculated that the altered Expression of these Factors induced by maternal separation may interrupt normal brain development and ultimately lead to functional disruption. However, the possibility of such changes leading to various functional disruptions and the underlying mechanisms involved require further study. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  • Neonatal repetitive maternal separation causes long-lasting alterations in various Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the cerebral cortex of rats
    Life Sciences, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kyoung-youl Lee, Takanori Miki, Toshifumi Yokoyama, Masaaki Ueki, Katsuhiko Warita, Shingo Suzuki, Ken-ichi Ohta, Zhi-yu Wang, Mostofa Jamal, Tomiko Yakura
    Abstract:

    Abstract Aims This study was carried out to examine the effects of early postnatal maternal separation stress on the development of the cerebral cortex with respect to time-dependent fluctuations of Neurotrophic Factor ligand and receptor Expression. Main methods Wistar rats were separated from their mothers for 3 h per day during postnatal days (PND) 10 to 15. The cerebral cortex was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR for the evaluation of the Expression of mRNA for brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), TrkB, insulin-like growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), and type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) on PND16, 20, 30, and 60. Key findings The Expression of these Neurotrophic Factor ligands and receptors in the cerebral cortex was enhanced on PND16 and PND20, and then it returned to baseline levels on PND30. By PND60, however, the Expression levels were attenuated. Significance The important implication of this study is the persistent abnormal fluctuation of Neurotrophic Factor Expression for a prolonged period, triggered even after the brain growth spurt. Given that Neurotrophic Factors play important roles in brain development, it can be speculated that the altered Expression of these Factors induced by maternal separation may interrupt normal brain development and ultimately lead to functional disruption. However, the possibility of such changes leading to various functional disruptions and the underlying mechanisms involved require further study.

Toshifumi Yokoyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Neonatal repetitive maternal separation causes long-lasting alterations in various Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the cerebral cortex of rats.
    Life sciences, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kyoung-youl Lee, Takanori Miki, Toshifumi Yokoyama, Masaaki Ueki, Katsuhiko Warita, Shingo Suzuki, Ken-ichi Ohta, Zhi-yu Wang, Mostofa Jamal, Tomiko Yakura
    Abstract:

    This study was carried out to examine the effects of early postnatal maternal separation stress on the development of the cerebral cortex with respect to time-dependent fluctuations of Neurotrophic Factor ligand and receptor Expression. Wistar rats were separated from their mothers for 3h per day during postnatal days (PND) 10 to 15. The cerebral cortex was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR for the evaluation of the Expression of mRNA for brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), TrkB, insulin-like growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), and type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) on PND16, 20, 30, and 60. The Expression of these Neurotrophic Factor ligands and receptors in the cerebral cortex was enhanced on PND16 and PND20, and then it returned to baseline levels on PND30. By PND60, however, the Expression levels were attenuated. The important implication of this study is the persistent abnormal fluctuation of Neurotrophic Factor Expression for a prolonged period, triggered even after the brain growth spurt. Given that Neurotrophic Factors play important roles in brain development, it can be speculated that the altered Expression of these Factors induced by maternal separation may interrupt normal brain development and ultimately lead to functional disruption. However, the possibility of such changes leading to various functional disruptions and the underlying mechanisms involved require further study. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  • Neonatal repetitive maternal separation causes long-lasting alterations in various Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the cerebral cortex of rats
    Life Sciences, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kyoung-youl Lee, Takanori Miki, Toshifumi Yokoyama, Masaaki Ueki, Katsuhiko Warita, Shingo Suzuki, Ken-ichi Ohta, Zhi-yu Wang, Mostofa Jamal, Tomiko Yakura
    Abstract:

    Abstract Aims This study was carried out to examine the effects of early postnatal maternal separation stress on the development of the cerebral cortex with respect to time-dependent fluctuations of Neurotrophic Factor ligand and receptor Expression. Main methods Wistar rats were separated from their mothers for 3 h per day during postnatal days (PND) 10 to 15. The cerebral cortex was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR for the evaluation of the Expression of mRNA for brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), TrkB, insulin-like growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), and type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) on PND16, 20, 30, and 60. Key findings The Expression of these Neurotrophic Factor ligands and receptors in the cerebral cortex was enhanced on PND16 and PND20, and then it returned to baseline levels on PND30. By PND60, however, the Expression levels were attenuated. Significance The important implication of this study is the persistent abnormal fluctuation of Neurotrophic Factor Expression for a prolonged period, triggered even after the brain growth spurt. Given that Neurotrophic Factors play important roles in brain development, it can be speculated that the altered Expression of these Factors induced by maternal separation may interrupt normal brain development and ultimately lead to functional disruption. However, the possibility of such changes leading to various functional disruptions and the underlying mechanisms involved require further study.

  • Early maternal deprivation induces alterations in brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the developing rat hippocampus.
    Neuroscience Letters, 2004
    Co-Authors: Hiromi Kuma, Takanori Miki, Toshifumi Yokoyama, Irawan Satriotomo, Yoshiki Matsumoto, Takashi Kusaka, Hanayo Okamoto, Kuldip S. Bedi
    Abstract:

    The effects of maternal deprivation (MD) during early postnatal life on the brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) level were investigated in the present study. Wistar rats were assigned to either maternal deprivation or mother-reared control (MRC) groups. MD manipulation was achieved by separating rat pups from their mothers for 3 h a day during postnatal days (PND) 10-15. At 16, 20, 30, and 60 days of age, the level of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampal formation of each group was determined using real-time PCR analysis. Early postnatal maternal deprivation of rat pups resulted in a significant increase in body weight at 60 days of age. The Expression of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus was significantly decreased at 16 days of age, and increased at 30 and 60 days of age. These data indicate that even a brief period of maternal deprivation during early postnatal life can affect hippocampal BDNF Expression.

Takanori Miki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Neonatal repetitive maternal separation causes long-lasting alterations in various Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the cerebral cortex of rats.
    Life sciences, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kyoung-youl Lee, Takanori Miki, Toshifumi Yokoyama, Masaaki Ueki, Katsuhiko Warita, Shingo Suzuki, Ken-ichi Ohta, Zhi-yu Wang, Mostofa Jamal, Tomiko Yakura
    Abstract:

    This study was carried out to examine the effects of early postnatal maternal separation stress on the development of the cerebral cortex with respect to time-dependent fluctuations of Neurotrophic Factor ligand and receptor Expression. Wistar rats were separated from their mothers for 3h per day during postnatal days (PND) 10 to 15. The cerebral cortex was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR for the evaluation of the Expression of mRNA for brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), TrkB, insulin-like growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), and type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) on PND16, 20, 30, and 60. The Expression of these Neurotrophic Factor ligands and receptors in the cerebral cortex was enhanced on PND16 and PND20, and then it returned to baseline levels on PND30. By PND60, however, the Expression levels were attenuated. The important implication of this study is the persistent abnormal fluctuation of Neurotrophic Factor Expression for a prolonged period, triggered even after the brain growth spurt. Given that Neurotrophic Factors play important roles in brain development, it can be speculated that the altered Expression of these Factors induced by maternal separation may interrupt normal brain development and ultimately lead to functional disruption. However, the possibility of such changes leading to various functional disruptions and the underlying mechanisms involved require further study. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  • Neonatal repetitive maternal separation causes long-lasting alterations in various Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the cerebral cortex of rats
    Life Sciences, 2012
    Co-Authors: Kyoung-youl Lee, Takanori Miki, Toshifumi Yokoyama, Masaaki Ueki, Katsuhiko Warita, Shingo Suzuki, Ken-ichi Ohta, Zhi-yu Wang, Mostofa Jamal, Tomiko Yakura
    Abstract:

    Abstract Aims This study was carried out to examine the effects of early postnatal maternal separation stress on the development of the cerebral cortex with respect to time-dependent fluctuations of Neurotrophic Factor ligand and receptor Expression. Main methods Wistar rats were separated from their mothers for 3 h per day during postnatal days (PND) 10 to 15. The cerebral cortex was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR for the evaluation of the Expression of mRNA for brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), TrkB, insulin-like growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), and type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) on PND16, 20, 30, and 60. Key findings The Expression of these Neurotrophic Factor ligands and receptors in the cerebral cortex was enhanced on PND16 and PND20, and then it returned to baseline levels on PND30. By PND60, however, the Expression levels were attenuated. Significance The important implication of this study is the persistent abnormal fluctuation of Neurotrophic Factor Expression for a prolonged period, triggered even after the brain growth spurt. Given that Neurotrophic Factors play important roles in brain development, it can be speculated that the altered Expression of these Factors induced by maternal separation may interrupt normal brain development and ultimately lead to functional disruption. However, the possibility of such changes leading to various functional disruptions and the underlying mechanisms involved require further study.

  • Early maternal deprivation induces alterations in brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the developing rat hippocampus.
    Neuroscience Letters, 2004
    Co-Authors: Hiromi Kuma, Takanori Miki, Toshifumi Yokoyama, Irawan Satriotomo, Yoshiki Matsumoto, Takashi Kusaka, Hanayo Okamoto, Kuldip S. Bedi
    Abstract:

    The effects of maternal deprivation (MD) during early postnatal life on the brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) level were investigated in the present study. Wistar rats were assigned to either maternal deprivation or mother-reared control (MRC) groups. MD manipulation was achieved by separating rat pups from their mothers for 3 h a day during postnatal days (PND) 10-15. At 16, 20, 30, and 60 days of age, the level of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampal formation of each group was determined using real-time PCR analysis. Early postnatal maternal deprivation of rat pups resulted in a significant increase in body weight at 60 days of age. The Expression of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus was significantly decreased at 16 days of age, and increased at 30 and 60 days of age. These data indicate that even a brief period of maternal deprivation during early postnatal life can affect hippocampal BDNF Expression.