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Taneli Kalvas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neutron Generator for bnct based on high current ecr ion source with gyrotron plasma heating
Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2015Co-Authors: V A Skalyga, I V Izotov, S V Golubev, S V Razin, A I Sidorov, A Maslennikova, A Volovecky, Taneli Kalvas, H Koivisto, Olli TarvainenAbstract:BNCT development nowadays is constrained by a progress in Neutron sources design. Creation of a cheap and compact intense Neutron source would significantly simplify trial treatments avoiding use of expensive and complicated nuclear reactors and accelerators. D-D or D-T Neutron Generator is one of alternative types of such sources for. A so-called high current quasi-gasdynamic ECR ion source with plasma heating by millimeter wave gyrotron radiation is suggested to be used in a scheme of D-D Neutron Generator in the present work. Ion source of that type was developed in the Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia). It can produce deuteron ion beams with current density up to 700-800 mA/cm(2). Generation of the Neutron flux with density at the level of 7-8·10(10) s(-1) cm(-2) at the target surface could be obtained in case of TiD2 target bombardment with deuteron beam accelerated to 100 keV. Estimations show that it is enough for formation of epithermal Neutron flux with density higher than 10(9) s(-1) cm(-2) suitable for BNCT. Important advantage of described approach is absence of Tritium in the scheme. First experiments performed in pulsed regime with 300 mA, 45 kV deuteron beam directed to D2O target demonstrated 10(9) s(-1) Neutron flux. This value corresponds to theoretical estimations and proofs prospects of Neutron Generator development based on high current quasi-gasdynamic ECR ion source.
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high yield Neutron Generator based on a high current gasdynamic electron cyclotron resonance ion source
Journal of Applied Physics, 2015Co-Authors: V A Skalyga, I V Izotov, S V Golubev, S V Razin, Olli Tarvainen, A V Sidorov, A Strelkov, Hannu Koivisto, Taneli KalvasAbstract:In present paper, an approach for high yield compact D-D Neutron Generator based on a high current gasdynamic electron cyclotron resonance ion source is suggested. Results on dense pulsed deuteron beam production with current up to 500 mA and current density up to 750 mA/cm2 are demonstrated. Neutron yield from D2O and TiD2 targets was measured in case of its bombardment by pulsed 300 mA D+ beam with 45 keV energy. Neutron yield density at target surface of 109 s−1 cm−2 was detected with a system of two 3He proportional counters. Estimations based on obtained experimental results show that Neutron yield from a high quality TiD2 target bombarded by D+ beam demonstrated in present work accelerated to 100 keV could reach 6 × 1010 s−1 cm−2. It is discussed that compact Neutron Generator with such characteristics could be perspective for a number of applications like boron Neutron capture therapy, security systems based on Neutron scanning, and Neutronography.
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gyrotron driven high current ecr ion source for boron Neutron capture therapy Neutron Generator
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2014Co-Authors: V A Skalyga, I V Izotov, S V Golubev, S V Razin, A I Sidorov, A Maslennikova, A Volovecky, Taneli Kalvas, H Koivisto, Olli TarvainenAbstract:Abstract Boron-Neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a perspective treatment method for radiation resistant tumors. Unfortunately its development is strongly held back by a several physical and medical problems. Neutron sources for BNCT currently are limited to nuclear reactors and accelerators. For wide spread of BNCT investigations more compact and cheap Neutron source would be much more preferable. In present paper an approach for compact D–D Neutron Generator creation based on a high current ECR ion source is suggested. Results on dense proton beams production are presented. A possibility of ion beams formation with current density up to 600 mA/cm 2 is demonstrated. Estimations based on obtained experimental results show that Neutron target bombarded by such deuteron beams would theoretically yield a Neutron flux density up to 6·10 10 cm −2 /s. Thus, Neutron Generator based on a high-current deuteron ECR source with a powerful plasma heating by gyrotron radiation could fulfill the BNCT requirements significantly lower price, smaller size and ease of operation in comparison with existing reactors and accelerators.
V A Skalyga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neutron Generator for bnct based on high current ecr ion source with gyrotron plasma heating
Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2015Co-Authors: V A Skalyga, I V Izotov, S V Golubev, S V Razin, A I Sidorov, A Maslennikova, A Volovecky, Taneli Kalvas, H Koivisto, Olli TarvainenAbstract:BNCT development nowadays is constrained by a progress in Neutron sources design. Creation of a cheap and compact intense Neutron source would significantly simplify trial treatments avoiding use of expensive and complicated nuclear reactors and accelerators. D-D or D-T Neutron Generator is one of alternative types of such sources for. A so-called high current quasi-gasdynamic ECR ion source with plasma heating by millimeter wave gyrotron radiation is suggested to be used in a scheme of D-D Neutron Generator in the present work. Ion source of that type was developed in the Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia). It can produce deuteron ion beams with current density up to 700-800 mA/cm(2). Generation of the Neutron flux with density at the level of 7-8·10(10) s(-1) cm(-2) at the target surface could be obtained in case of TiD2 target bombardment with deuteron beam accelerated to 100 keV. Estimations show that it is enough for formation of epithermal Neutron flux with density higher than 10(9) s(-1) cm(-2) suitable for BNCT. Important advantage of described approach is absence of Tritium in the scheme. First experiments performed in pulsed regime with 300 mA, 45 kV deuteron beam directed to D2O target demonstrated 10(9) s(-1) Neutron flux. This value corresponds to theoretical estimations and proofs prospects of Neutron Generator development based on high current quasi-gasdynamic ECR ion source.
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high yield Neutron Generator based on a high current gasdynamic electron cyclotron resonance ion source
Journal of Applied Physics, 2015Co-Authors: V A Skalyga, I V Izotov, S V Golubev, S V Razin, Olli Tarvainen, A V Sidorov, A Strelkov, Hannu Koivisto, Taneli KalvasAbstract:In present paper, an approach for high yield compact D-D Neutron Generator based on a high current gasdynamic electron cyclotron resonance ion source is suggested. Results on dense pulsed deuteron beam production with current up to 500 mA and current density up to 750 mA/cm2 are demonstrated. Neutron yield from D2O and TiD2 targets was measured in case of its bombardment by pulsed 300 mA D+ beam with 45 keV energy. Neutron yield density at target surface of 109 s−1 cm−2 was detected with a system of two 3He proportional counters. Estimations based on obtained experimental results show that Neutron yield from a high quality TiD2 target bombarded by D+ beam demonstrated in present work accelerated to 100 keV could reach 6 × 1010 s−1 cm−2. It is discussed that compact Neutron Generator with such characteristics could be perspective for a number of applications like boron Neutron capture therapy, security systems based on Neutron scanning, and Neutronography.
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gyrotron driven high current ecr ion source for boron Neutron capture therapy Neutron Generator
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2014Co-Authors: V A Skalyga, I V Izotov, S V Golubev, S V Razin, A I Sidorov, A Maslennikova, A Volovecky, Taneli Kalvas, H Koivisto, Olli TarvainenAbstract:Abstract Boron-Neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a perspective treatment method for radiation resistant tumors. Unfortunately its development is strongly held back by a several physical and medical problems. Neutron sources for BNCT currently are limited to nuclear reactors and accelerators. For wide spread of BNCT investigations more compact and cheap Neutron source would be much more preferable. In present paper an approach for compact D–D Neutron Generator creation based on a high current ECR ion source is suggested. Results on dense proton beams production are presented. A possibility of ion beams formation with current density up to 600 mA/cm 2 is demonstrated. Estimations based on obtained experimental results show that Neutron target bombarded by such deuteron beams would theoretically yield a Neutron flux density up to 6·10 10 cm −2 /s. Thus, Neutron Generator based on a high-current deuteron ECR source with a powerful plasma heating by gyrotron radiation could fulfill the BNCT requirements significantly lower price, smaller size and ease of operation in comparison with existing reactors and accelerators.
Olli Tarvainen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Neutron Generator for bnct based on high current ecr ion source with gyrotron plasma heating
Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 2015Co-Authors: V A Skalyga, I V Izotov, S V Golubev, S V Razin, A I Sidorov, A Maslennikova, A Volovecky, Taneli Kalvas, H Koivisto, Olli TarvainenAbstract:BNCT development nowadays is constrained by a progress in Neutron sources design. Creation of a cheap and compact intense Neutron source would significantly simplify trial treatments avoiding use of expensive and complicated nuclear reactors and accelerators. D-D or D-T Neutron Generator is one of alternative types of such sources for. A so-called high current quasi-gasdynamic ECR ion source with plasma heating by millimeter wave gyrotron radiation is suggested to be used in a scheme of D-D Neutron Generator in the present work. Ion source of that type was developed in the Institute of Applied Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia). It can produce deuteron ion beams with current density up to 700-800 mA/cm(2). Generation of the Neutron flux with density at the level of 7-8·10(10) s(-1) cm(-2) at the target surface could be obtained in case of TiD2 target bombardment with deuteron beam accelerated to 100 keV. Estimations show that it is enough for formation of epithermal Neutron flux with density higher than 10(9) s(-1) cm(-2) suitable for BNCT. Important advantage of described approach is absence of Tritium in the scheme. First experiments performed in pulsed regime with 300 mA, 45 kV deuteron beam directed to D2O target demonstrated 10(9) s(-1) Neutron flux. This value corresponds to theoretical estimations and proofs prospects of Neutron Generator development based on high current quasi-gasdynamic ECR ion source.
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high yield Neutron Generator based on a high current gasdynamic electron cyclotron resonance ion source
Journal of Applied Physics, 2015Co-Authors: V A Skalyga, I V Izotov, S V Golubev, S V Razin, Olli Tarvainen, A V Sidorov, A Strelkov, Hannu Koivisto, Taneli KalvasAbstract:In present paper, an approach for high yield compact D-D Neutron Generator based on a high current gasdynamic electron cyclotron resonance ion source is suggested. Results on dense pulsed deuteron beam production with current up to 500 mA and current density up to 750 mA/cm2 are demonstrated. Neutron yield from D2O and TiD2 targets was measured in case of its bombardment by pulsed 300 mA D+ beam with 45 keV energy. Neutron yield density at target surface of 109 s−1 cm−2 was detected with a system of two 3He proportional counters. Estimations based on obtained experimental results show that Neutron yield from a high quality TiD2 target bombarded by D+ beam demonstrated in present work accelerated to 100 keV could reach 6 × 1010 s−1 cm−2. It is discussed that compact Neutron Generator with such characteristics could be perspective for a number of applications like boron Neutron capture therapy, security systems based on Neutron scanning, and Neutronography.
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gyrotron driven high current ecr ion source for boron Neutron capture therapy Neutron Generator
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2014Co-Authors: V A Skalyga, I V Izotov, S V Golubev, S V Razin, A I Sidorov, A Maslennikova, A Volovecky, Taneli Kalvas, H Koivisto, Olli TarvainenAbstract:Abstract Boron-Neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a perspective treatment method for radiation resistant tumors. Unfortunately its development is strongly held back by a several physical and medical problems. Neutron sources for BNCT currently are limited to nuclear reactors and accelerators. For wide spread of BNCT investigations more compact and cheap Neutron source would be much more preferable. In present paper an approach for compact D–D Neutron Generator creation based on a high current ECR ion source is suggested. Results on dense proton beams production are presented. A possibility of ion beams formation with current density up to 600 mA/cm 2 is demonstrated. Estimations based on obtained experimental results show that Neutron target bombarded by such deuteron beams would theoretically yield a Neutron flux density up to 6·10 10 cm −2 /s. Thus, Neutron Generator based on a high-current deuteron ECR source with a powerful plasma heating by gyrotron radiation could fulfill the BNCT requirements significantly lower price, smaller size and ease of operation in comparison with existing reactors and accelerators.
C. J. Wharton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chemical warfare agent identification by PGNAA: A comparison of Gamma-ray excitation by Neutrons from a Cf-252 source, a DD Neutron Generator, and a DT Neutron Generator
2015 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS MIC), 2015Co-Authors: C. J. Wharton, E. H. Seabury, K. M. Krebs, A. J. CaffreyAbstract:The PINS Chemical Assay System, developed by Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is a field-portable Prompt Gamma-ray Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) system. [1] For over 20 years, the U.S. military has used the PINS to nondestructively identify the fill chemical inside thousands of suspect chemical warfare munitions. First- and second-generation PINS systems use a 252Cf Neutron source to induce capture reactions and inelastic-scattering reactions in the object under test. Currently, we are testing two third-generation PINS systems, using Neutron Generators in lieu of a 252Cf radioisotopic source, to simplify PINS shipping and storage logistics. We present here a comparison of the spectra collected during a series of blind tests performed with actual chemical warfare agents, using all three Neutron source types. To our knowledge, this is the first test directly comparing the gamma-ray response of live-chemical warfare agents to Neutrons from a 252Cf source, a DD Neutron Generator, and a DT Neutron Generator.
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X-Ray Measurements Of A Thermo Scientific P385 DD Neutron Generator
2011Co-Authors: C. J. Wharton, J. D. Simpson, David L Chichester, E. H. Seabury, A. J. Caffrey, M. LemchakAbstract:Idaho National Laboratory is experimenting with electrical Neutron Generators, as potential replacements for californium‐252 radioisotopic Neutron sources in its PINS prompt gamma‐ray Neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) system for the identification of military chemical warfare agents and explosives. In addition to Neutron output, we have recently measured the x‐ray output of the Thermo Scientific P385 deuterium‐deuterium Neutron Generator. X rays are a normal byproduct from Neutron Generators, but depending on their intensity and energy, x rays can interfere with gamma rays from the object under test, increase gamma‐spectrometer dead time, and reduce PGNAA system throughput. The P385 x‐ray energy spectrum was measured with a high‐purity germanium (HPGe) detector, and a broad peak is evident at about 70 keV. To identify the source of the x rays within the Neutron Generator assembly, it was scanned by collimated scintillation detectors along its long axis. At the strongest x‐ray emission points, the Generator also was rotated 60° between measurements. The scans show the primary source of x‐ray emission from the P385 Neutron Generator is an area 60 mm from the Neutron production target, in the vicinity of the ion source. Rotation of the Neutron Generator did not significantly alter the x‐ray count rate, and its x‐ray emission appears to be axially symmetric. A thin lead shield, 3.2 mm (1/8 inch) thick, reduced the 70‐keV Generator x rays to negligible levels.
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X-ray Measurements of a Thermo Scientific P385 DD Neutron Generator
2001Co-Authors: E. H. Seabury, M. Lemchak, J. D. Simpson, David L Chichester, A. J. Caffrey, C. J. WhartonAbstract:Idaho National Laboratory is experimenting with electrical Neutron Generators, as potential replacements for californium-252 radioisotopic Neutron sources in its PINS prompt gamma-ray Neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) system for the identification of military chemical warfare agents and explosives. In addition to Neutron output, we have recently measured the x-ray output of the Thermo Scientific P385 deuterium-deuterium Neutron Generator. X-rays are a normal byproduct from a Neutron Generator and depending on their intensity and energy they can interfere with gamma rays from the object under test, increase gamma-spectrometer dead time, and reduce PGNAA system throughput. The P385 x-ray energy spectrum was measured with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector, and a broad peak is evident at about 70 keV. To identify the source of the x-rays within the Neutron Generator assembly, it was scanned by collimated scintillation detectors along its long axis. At the strongest x-ray emission points, the Generator also was rotated 60° between measurements. The scans show the primary source of x-ray emission from the P385 Neutron Generator is an area 60 mm from the Neutron production target, in the vicinity of the ion source. Rotation of the Neutron Generator did not significantly alter the x-ray count rate, and the x-ray emission appears to be axially symmetric within the Neutron Generator.
Ping Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ion beam profile diagnostic methods for vacuum arc ion source in sealed tube Neutron Generator
IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2015Co-Authors: Zhen Yang, Chaohui Lan, Jidong Long, Xiaohu Wang, Yufei Peng, Tao Wang, Pan Dong, Ping LiuAbstract:The pulsed ion beam from a vacuum arc source in a compact sealed-tube Neutron Generator owns many special features, such as multiparticle mixture beams, high-intensity beams, short pulsewidth beams, transporting in a single gap acceleration system, and eccentric beams. Beam profile and composition are useful information for designing a high-intensity sealed-tube Neutron Generator, especially for the insulation withstand of the device, the life of the tritium target, the Neutron yield, and so on. An improved traditional online diagnostic method that uses an aluminum-coated scintillator screen and a novel offline diagnostic method that is based on secondary ion mass spectrometry are introduced, respectively. The preliminary experimental results can show the intensity distribution of the ion beam profile and the composition with high resolution. The results from the two methods can fit each other well.
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A compact pulsed Neutron Generator with a high-current vacuum arc ion source
2012Co-Authors: Yang Zhen, Li Jie, Long Jidong, Chaohui Lan, Wang Tao, Dong Pan, Ping LiuAbstract:Recently, due to specific features of compact Neutron Generators, their demand in Neutron radiography, elemental analysis and detection of the illicit materials has been increased. The compact Neutron Generator is more environmentally friendly, safer for operators, more sensitive and suitable for research work with illicit materials. The pulsed operations of such a Neutron Generator using the deuterium-deuterium fusion reaction are reported. The main embodiment of this type of Generator includes a vacuum arc ion source with deuterated electrode, a single electrode acceleration gap and one deuterated titanium target. In order to suppress the large amount of secondary electrons, an idea which uses a grid and a resistor to provide self-biased voltage was introduced. The Neutron Generator was operated at 100 kV acceleration potential, 10 -4 Pa vacuum environment and hundreds mA ion beam current. The Neutron Generator is capable of producing up to 10 5 n/p. In this report, we will discuss various physical and technical issues related to the components of the Generator and the operation of the Generator.