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Kaye Spence - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • early development of children with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery
    Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2011
    Co-Authors: Sharon Laing, Judy Ungerer, Nadia Badawi, Kaye Spence, Karen Walker
    Abstract:

    Aim:  To describe neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates following cardiac or non-cardiac Surgery for major birth defects. Methods:  From 1 June 2002 to 31 July 2004, infants born ≥33 weeks gestation who underwent major birth defect Surgery were enrolled prospectively. Infants were assessed at a mean corrected age of 24 months (standard deviation (SD) = 8 months, range 18–36 months) using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development: Second Edition. Results:  Of the 118 study infants, 79 (66%) were male, the mean gestation was 38.5 weeks (SD 1.9 weeks) and mean birthweight was 3194 g (SD 653 g). Forty-five infants (47%) had undergone general Surgery for non-cardiac defects. The majority of infants (73%) performed below average in cognitive and language skills. Mental delay was found in 41% of infants; 16% were significantly delayed. Fine and gross motor skills were below average in 60% of infants. Twenty-six percent of infants had motor delay; 9% were significantly delayed. Both the mean Mental Development Index (M = 88, SD = 19.8) and mean Psychomotor Development Index (M = 93, SD = 19.3) were significantly below the normative mean (d = 0.8, P < 0.001 and d = 0.5, P < 0.001, respectively). One in five children had global developmental delay. There was no significant difference in outcome between the cardiac and general Surgery groups. Conclusions:  The majority of infants performed below average on a standardised test of infant development. Our results show that infants requiring Newborn Surgery for major birth defects are at high risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. We recommend that follow-up programmes include systematic multidisciplinary developmental monitoring and early intervention.

  • mother child interaction and child developmental capacities in toddlers with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery
    Early Human Development, 2010
    Co-Authors: Sharon Laing, Catherine Mcmahon, Judy Ungerer, Alan Taylor, Nadia Badawi, Kaye Spence
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Evidence exists of the important role of the mother–child relationship in child development, yet with the exception of prematurity, little is known of the impact of biologic risk on this relationship. Aims We investigated the quality of the mother–child interaction in association with early development in toddlers who had Newborn Surgery for major birth defects. Methods Ninety-three toddlers (Mean age = 24.7 months, SD = 4.6) requiring Newborn Surgery for major birth defects, underwent developmental testing and participated in a videotaped free play interaction with their mothers. Interactions were rated using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development schema. Interaction ratings were compared with normative data and within group differences were also examined in relation to child developmental status. Results Overall mean interaction ratings were suboptimal and significantly different from normative data; with the exception of child negative mood. Forty-one children (44%) had developmental delay. Mother and child interactive behaviour ratings were consolidated into three factors (Maternal Responsivity, Maternal Intrusiveness, and Child Positive Interactivity) for multivariate analyses. Compared to children developing normally, those with developmental delay showed significantly less positive interactivity and had mothers who were less responsive and more intrusive. Child behaviour with the tester was related to child behaviour with the mother. Conclusion Quality of mother–child interaction is nonoptimal in children with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery. Mothers of infants with developmental delay are most at risk of interaction difficulties and may benefit from early identification and timely intervention.

  • Early development of children with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery.
    Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2010
    Co-Authors: Sharon Laing, Judy Ungerer, Nadia Badawi, Karen Walker, Kaye Spence
    Abstract:

    Aim:  To describe neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates following cardiac or non-cardiac Surgery for major birth defects. Methods:  From 1 June 2002 to 31 July 2004, infants born ≥33 weeks gestation who underwent major birth defect Surgery were enrolled prospectively. Infants were assessed at a mean corrected age of 24 months (standard deviation (SD) = 8 months, range 18–36 months) using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development: Second Edition. Results:  Of the 118 study infants, 79 (66%) were male, the mean gestation was 38.5 weeks (SD 1.9 weeks) and mean birthweight was 3194 g (SD 653 g). Forty-five infants (47%) had undergone general Surgery for non-cardiac defects. The majority of infants (73%) performed below average in cognitive and language skills. Mental delay was found in 41% of infants; 16% were significantly delayed. Fine and gross motor skills were below average in 60% of infants. Twenty-six percent of infants had motor delay; 9% were significantly delayed. Both the mean Mental Development Index (M = 88, SD = 19.8) and mean Psychomotor Development Index (M = 93, SD = 19.3) were significantly below the normative mean (d = 0.8, P 

  • Mother–child interaction and child developmental capacities in toddlers with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery
    Early human development, 2010
    Co-Authors: Sharon Laing, Catherine Mcmahon, Judy Ungerer, Alan Taylor, Nadia Badawi, Kaye Spence
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Evidence exists of the important role of the mother–child relationship in child development, yet with the exception of prematurity, little is known of the impact of biologic risk on this relationship. Aims We investigated the quality of the mother–child interaction in association with early development in toddlers who had Newborn Surgery for major birth defects. Methods Ninety-three toddlers (Mean age = 24.7 months, SD = 4.6) requiring Newborn Surgery for major birth defects, underwent developmental testing and participated in a videotaped free play interaction with their mothers. Interactions were rated using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development schema. Interaction ratings were compared with normative data and within group differences were also examined in relation to child developmental status. Results Overall mean interaction ratings were suboptimal and significantly different from normative data; with the exception of child negative mood. Forty-one children (44%) had developmental delay. Mother and child interactive behaviour ratings were consolidated into three factors (Maternal Responsivity, Maternal Intrusiveness, and Child Positive Interactivity) for multivariate analyses. Compared to children developing normally, those with developmental delay showed significantly less positive interactivity and had mothers who were less responsive and more intrusive. Child behaviour with the tester was related to child behaviour with the mother. Conclusion Quality of mother–child interaction is nonoptimal in children with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery. Mothers of infants with developmental delay are most at risk of interaction difficulties and may benefit from early identification and timely intervention.

Sharon Laing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • early development of children with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery
    Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2011
    Co-Authors: Sharon Laing, Judy Ungerer, Nadia Badawi, Kaye Spence, Karen Walker
    Abstract:

    Aim:  To describe neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates following cardiac or non-cardiac Surgery for major birth defects. Methods:  From 1 June 2002 to 31 July 2004, infants born ≥33 weeks gestation who underwent major birth defect Surgery were enrolled prospectively. Infants were assessed at a mean corrected age of 24 months (standard deviation (SD) = 8 months, range 18–36 months) using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development: Second Edition. Results:  Of the 118 study infants, 79 (66%) were male, the mean gestation was 38.5 weeks (SD 1.9 weeks) and mean birthweight was 3194 g (SD 653 g). Forty-five infants (47%) had undergone general Surgery for non-cardiac defects. The majority of infants (73%) performed below average in cognitive and language skills. Mental delay was found in 41% of infants; 16% were significantly delayed. Fine and gross motor skills were below average in 60% of infants. Twenty-six percent of infants had motor delay; 9% were significantly delayed. Both the mean Mental Development Index (M = 88, SD = 19.8) and mean Psychomotor Development Index (M = 93, SD = 19.3) were significantly below the normative mean (d = 0.8, P < 0.001 and d = 0.5, P < 0.001, respectively). One in five children had global developmental delay. There was no significant difference in outcome between the cardiac and general Surgery groups. Conclusions:  The majority of infants performed below average on a standardised test of infant development. Our results show that infants requiring Newborn Surgery for major birth defects are at high risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. We recommend that follow-up programmes include systematic multidisciplinary developmental monitoring and early intervention.

  • mother child interaction and child developmental capacities in toddlers with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery
    Early Human Development, 2010
    Co-Authors: Sharon Laing, Catherine Mcmahon, Judy Ungerer, Alan Taylor, Nadia Badawi, Kaye Spence
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Evidence exists of the important role of the mother–child relationship in child development, yet with the exception of prematurity, little is known of the impact of biologic risk on this relationship. Aims We investigated the quality of the mother–child interaction in association with early development in toddlers who had Newborn Surgery for major birth defects. Methods Ninety-three toddlers (Mean age = 24.7 months, SD = 4.6) requiring Newborn Surgery for major birth defects, underwent developmental testing and participated in a videotaped free play interaction with their mothers. Interactions were rated using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development schema. Interaction ratings were compared with normative data and within group differences were also examined in relation to child developmental status. Results Overall mean interaction ratings were suboptimal and significantly different from normative data; with the exception of child negative mood. Forty-one children (44%) had developmental delay. Mother and child interactive behaviour ratings were consolidated into three factors (Maternal Responsivity, Maternal Intrusiveness, and Child Positive Interactivity) for multivariate analyses. Compared to children developing normally, those with developmental delay showed significantly less positive interactivity and had mothers who were less responsive and more intrusive. Child behaviour with the tester was related to child behaviour with the mother. Conclusion Quality of mother–child interaction is nonoptimal in children with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery. Mothers of infants with developmental delay are most at risk of interaction difficulties and may benefit from early identification and timely intervention.

  • Early development of children with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery.
    Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2010
    Co-Authors: Sharon Laing, Judy Ungerer, Nadia Badawi, Karen Walker, Kaye Spence
    Abstract:

    Aim:  To describe neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates following cardiac or non-cardiac Surgery for major birth defects. Methods:  From 1 June 2002 to 31 July 2004, infants born ≥33 weeks gestation who underwent major birth defect Surgery were enrolled prospectively. Infants were assessed at a mean corrected age of 24 months (standard deviation (SD) = 8 months, range 18–36 months) using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development: Second Edition. Results:  Of the 118 study infants, 79 (66%) were male, the mean gestation was 38.5 weeks (SD 1.9 weeks) and mean birthweight was 3194 g (SD 653 g). Forty-five infants (47%) had undergone general Surgery for non-cardiac defects. The majority of infants (73%) performed below average in cognitive and language skills. Mental delay was found in 41% of infants; 16% were significantly delayed. Fine and gross motor skills were below average in 60% of infants. Twenty-six percent of infants had motor delay; 9% were significantly delayed. Both the mean Mental Development Index (M = 88, SD = 19.8) and mean Psychomotor Development Index (M = 93, SD = 19.3) were significantly below the normative mean (d = 0.8, P 

  • Mother–child interaction and child developmental capacities in toddlers with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery
    Early human development, 2010
    Co-Authors: Sharon Laing, Catherine Mcmahon, Judy Ungerer, Alan Taylor, Nadia Badawi, Kaye Spence
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Evidence exists of the important role of the mother–child relationship in child development, yet with the exception of prematurity, little is known of the impact of biologic risk on this relationship. Aims We investigated the quality of the mother–child interaction in association with early development in toddlers who had Newborn Surgery for major birth defects. Methods Ninety-three toddlers (Mean age = 24.7 months, SD = 4.6) requiring Newborn Surgery for major birth defects, underwent developmental testing and participated in a videotaped free play interaction with their mothers. Interactions were rated using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development schema. Interaction ratings were compared with normative data and within group differences were also examined in relation to child developmental status. Results Overall mean interaction ratings were suboptimal and significantly different from normative data; with the exception of child negative mood. Forty-one children (44%) had developmental delay. Mother and child interactive behaviour ratings were consolidated into three factors (Maternal Responsivity, Maternal Intrusiveness, and Child Positive Interactivity) for multivariate analyses. Compared to children developing normally, those with developmental delay showed significantly less positive interactivity and had mothers who were less responsive and more intrusive. Child behaviour with the tester was related to child behaviour with the mother. Conclusion Quality of mother–child interaction is nonoptimal in children with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery. Mothers of infants with developmental delay are most at risk of interaction difficulties and may benefit from early identification and timely intervention.

Nadia Badawi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • early development of children with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery
    Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2011
    Co-Authors: Sharon Laing, Judy Ungerer, Nadia Badawi, Kaye Spence, Karen Walker
    Abstract:

    Aim:  To describe neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates following cardiac or non-cardiac Surgery for major birth defects. Methods:  From 1 June 2002 to 31 July 2004, infants born ≥33 weeks gestation who underwent major birth defect Surgery were enrolled prospectively. Infants were assessed at a mean corrected age of 24 months (standard deviation (SD) = 8 months, range 18–36 months) using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development: Second Edition. Results:  Of the 118 study infants, 79 (66%) were male, the mean gestation was 38.5 weeks (SD 1.9 weeks) and mean birthweight was 3194 g (SD 653 g). Forty-five infants (47%) had undergone general Surgery for non-cardiac defects. The majority of infants (73%) performed below average in cognitive and language skills. Mental delay was found in 41% of infants; 16% were significantly delayed. Fine and gross motor skills were below average in 60% of infants. Twenty-six percent of infants had motor delay; 9% were significantly delayed. Both the mean Mental Development Index (M = 88, SD = 19.8) and mean Psychomotor Development Index (M = 93, SD = 19.3) were significantly below the normative mean (d = 0.8, P < 0.001 and d = 0.5, P < 0.001, respectively). One in five children had global developmental delay. There was no significant difference in outcome between the cardiac and general Surgery groups. Conclusions:  The majority of infants performed below average on a standardised test of infant development. Our results show that infants requiring Newborn Surgery for major birth defects are at high risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. We recommend that follow-up programmes include systematic multidisciplinary developmental monitoring and early intervention.

  • mother child interaction and child developmental capacities in toddlers with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery
    Early Human Development, 2010
    Co-Authors: Sharon Laing, Catherine Mcmahon, Judy Ungerer, Alan Taylor, Nadia Badawi, Kaye Spence
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Evidence exists of the important role of the mother–child relationship in child development, yet with the exception of prematurity, little is known of the impact of biologic risk on this relationship. Aims We investigated the quality of the mother–child interaction in association with early development in toddlers who had Newborn Surgery for major birth defects. Methods Ninety-three toddlers (Mean age = 24.7 months, SD = 4.6) requiring Newborn Surgery for major birth defects, underwent developmental testing and participated in a videotaped free play interaction with their mothers. Interactions were rated using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development schema. Interaction ratings were compared with normative data and within group differences were also examined in relation to child developmental status. Results Overall mean interaction ratings were suboptimal and significantly different from normative data; with the exception of child negative mood. Forty-one children (44%) had developmental delay. Mother and child interactive behaviour ratings were consolidated into three factors (Maternal Responsivity, Maternal Intrusiveness, and Child Positive Interactivity) for multivariate analyses. Compared to children developing normally, those with developmental delay showed significantly less positive interactivity and had mothers who were less responsive and more intrusive. Child behaviour with the tester was related to child behaviour with the mother. Conclusion Quality of mother–child interaction is nonoptimal in children with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery. Mothers of infants with developmental delay are most at risk of interaction difficulties and may benefit from early identification and timely intervention.

  • Early development of children with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery.
    Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2010
    Co-Authors: Sharon Laing, Judy Ungerer, Nadia Badawi, Karen Walker, Kaye Spence
    Abstract:

    Aim:  To describe neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates following cardiac or non-cardiac Surgery for major birth defects. Methods:  From 1 June 2002 to 31 July 2004, infants born ≥33 weeks gestation who underwent major birth defect Surgery were enrolled prospectively. Infants were assessed at a mean corrected age of 24 months (standard deviation (SD) = 8 months, range 18–36 months) using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development: Second Edition. Results:  Of the 118 study infants, 79 (66%) were male, the mean gestation was 38.5 weeks (SD 1.9 weeks) and mean birthweight was 3194 g (SD 653 g). Forty-five infants (47%) had undergone general Surgery for non-cardiac defects. The majority of infants (73%) performed below average in cognitive and language skills. Mental delay was found in 41% of infants; 16% were significantly delayed. Fine and gross motor skills were below average in 60% of infants. Twenty-six percent of infants had motor delay; 9% were significantly delayed. Both the mean Mental Development Index (M = 88, SD = 19.8) and mean Psychomotor Development Index (M = 93, SD = 19.3) were significantly below the normative mean (d = 0.8, P 

  • Mother–child interaction and child developmental capacities in toddlers with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery
    Early human development, 2010
    Co-Authors: Sharon Laing, Catherine Mcmahon, Judy Ungerer, Alan Taylor, Nadia Badawi, Kaye Spence
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Evidence exists of the important role of the mother–child relationship in child development, yet with the exception of prematurity, little is known of the impact of biologic risk on this relationship. Aims We investigated the quality of the mother–child interaction in association with early development in toddlers who had Newborn Surgery for major birth defects. Methods Ninety-three toddlers (Mean age = 24.7 months, SD = 4.6) requiring Newborn Surgery for major birth defects, underwent developmental testing and participated in a videotaped free play interaction with their mothers. Interactions were rated using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development schema. Interaction ratings were compared with normative data and within group differences were also examined in relation to child developmental status. Results Overall mean interaction ratings were suboptimal and significantly different from normative data; with the exception of child negative mood. Forty-one children (44%) had developmental delay. Mother and child interactive behaviour ratings were consolidated into three factors (Maternal Responsivity, Maternal Intrusiveness, and Child Positive Interactivity) for multivariate analyses. Compared to children developing normally, those with developmental delay showed significantly less positive interactivity and had mothers who were less responsive and more intrusive. Child behaviour with the tester was related to child behaviour with the mother. Conclusion Quality of mother–child interaction is nonoptimal in children with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery. Mothers of infants with developmental delay are most at risk of interaction difficulties and may benefit from early identification and timely intervention.

Prem Puri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Judy Ungerer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • early development of children with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery
    Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2011
    Co-Authors: Sharon Laing, Judy Ungerer, Nadia Badawi, Kaye Spence, Karen Walker
    Abstract:

    Aim:  To describe neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates following cardiac or non-cardiac Surgery for major birth defects. Methods:  From 1 June 2002 to 31 July 2004, infants born ≥33 weeks gestation who underwent major birth defect Surgery were enrolled prospectively. Infants were assessed at a mean corrected age of 24 months (standard deviation (SD) = 8 months, range 18–36 months) using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development: Second Edition. Results:  Of the 118 study infants, 79 (66%) were male, the mean gestation was 38.5 weeks (SD 1.9 weeks) and mean birthweight was 3194 g (SD 653 g). Forty-five infants (47%) had undergone general Surgery for non-cardiac defects. The majority of infants (73%) performed below average in cognitive and language skills. Mental delay was found in 41% of infants; 16% were significantly delayed. Fine and gross motor skills were below average in 60% of infants. Twenty-six percent of infants had motor delay; 9% were significantly delayed. Both the mean Mental Development Index (M = 88, SD = 19.8) and mean Psychomotor Development Index (M = 93, SD = 19.3) were significantly below the normative mean (d = 0.8, P < 0.001 and d = 0.5, P < 0.001, respectively). One in five children had global developmental delay. There was no significant difference in outcome between the cardiac and general Surgery groups. Conclusions:  The majority of infants performed below average on a standardised test of infant development. Our results show that infants requiring Newborn Surgery for major birth defects are at high risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. We recommend that follow-up programmes include systematic multidisciplinary developmental monitoring and early intervention.

  • mother child interaction and child developmental capacities in toddlers with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery
    Early Human Development, 2010
    Co-Authors: Sharon Laing, Catherine Mcmahon, Judy Ungerer, Alan Taylor, Nadia Badawi, Kaye Spence
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Evidence exists of the important role of the mother–child relationship in child development, yet with the exception of prematurity, little is known of the impact of biologic risk on this relationship. Aims We investigated the quality of the mother–child interaction in association with early development in toddlers who had Newborn Surgery for major birth defects. Methods Ninety-three toddlers (Mean age = 24.7 months, SD = 4.6) requiring Newborn Surgery for major birth defects, underwent developmental testing and participated in a videotaped free play interaction with their mothers. Interactions were rated using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development schema. Interaction ratings were compared with normative data and within group differences were also examined in relation to child developmental status. Results Overall mean interaction ratings were suboptimal and significantly different from normative data; with the exception of child negative mood. Forty-one children (44%) had developmental delay. Mother and child interactive behaviour ratings were consolidated into three factors (Maternal Responsivity, Maternal Intrusiveness, and Child Positive Interactivity) for multivariate analyses. Compared to children developing normally, those with developmental delay showed significantly less positive interactivity and had mothers who were less responsive and more intrusive. Child behaviour with the tester was related to child behaviour with the mother. Conclusion Quality of mother–child interaction is nonoptimal in children with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery. Mothers of infants with developmental delay are most at risk of interaction difficulties and may benefit from early identification and timely intervention.

  • Early development of children with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery.
    Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2010
    Co-Authors: Sharon Laing, Judy Ungerer, Nadia Badawi, Karen Walker, Kaye Spence
    Abstract:

    Aim:  To describe neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates following cardiac or non-cardiac Surgery for major birth defects. Methods:  From 1 June 2002 to 31 July 2004, infants born ≥33 weeks gestation who underwent major birth defect Surgery were enrolled prospectively. Infants were assessed at a mean corrected age of 24 months (standard deviation (SD) = 8 months, range 18–36 months) using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development: Second Edition. Results:  Of the 118 study infants, 79 (66%) were male, the mean gestation was 38.5 weeks (SD 1.9 weeks) and mean birthweight was 3194 g (SD 653 g). Forty-five infants (47%) had undergone general Surgery for non-cardiac defects. The majority of infants (73%) performed below average in cognitive and language skills. Mental delay was found in 41% of infants; 16% were significantly delayed. Fine and gross motor skills were below average in 60% of infants. Twenty-six percent of infants had motor delay; 9% were significantly delayed. Both the mean Mental Development Index (M = 88, SD = 19.8) and mean Psychomotor Development Index (M = 93, SD = 19.3) were significantly below the normative mean (d = 0.8, P 

  • Mother–child interaction and child developmental capacities in toddlers with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery
    Early human development, 2010
    Co-Authors: Sharon Laing, Catherine Mcmahon, Judy Ungerer, Alan Taylor, Nadia Badawi, Kaye Spence
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Evidence exists of the important role of the mother–child relationship in child development, yet with the exception of prematurity, little is known of the impact of biologic risk on this relationship. Aims We investigated the quality of the mother–child interaction in association with early development in toddlers who had Newborn Surgery for major birth defects. Methods Ninety-three toddlers (Mean age = 24.7 months, SD = 4.6) requiring Newborn Surgery for major birth defects, underwent developmental testing and participated in a videotaped free play interaction with their mothers. Interactions were rated using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development schema. Interaction ratings were compared with normative data and within group differences were also examined in relation to child developmental status. Results Overall mean interaction ratings were suboptimal and significantly different from normative data; with the exception of child negative mood. Forty-one children (44%) had developmental delay. Mother and child interactive behaviour ratings were consolidated into three factors (Maternal Responsivity, Maternal Intrusiveness, and Child Positive Interactivity) for multivariate analyses. Compared to children developing normally, those with developmental delay showed significantly less positive interactivity and had mothers who were less responsive and more intrusive. Child behaviour with the tester was related to child behaviour with the mother. Conclusion Quality of mother–child interaction is nonoptimal in children with major birth defects requiring Newborn Surgery. Mothers of infants with developmental delay are most at risk of interaction difficulties and may benefit from early identification and timely intervention.