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Nurtan A. Esmen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • lung cancer mortality in uk nickel cadmium Battery workers 1947 2000
    Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2004
    Co-Authors: Tom Sorahan, Nurtan A. Esmen
    Abstract:

    Aims: To investigate mortality from lung cancer in Nickel-Cadmium Battery workers in relation to cumulative exposure to cadmium hydroxide. Methods: The mortality of a cohort of 926 male workers from a factory engaged in the manufacture of Nickel-Cadmium batteries in the West Midlands of England was investigated for the period 1947–2000. All subjects were first employed at the plant in the period 1947–75 and employed for a minimum period of 12 months. Work histories were available for the period 1947–86; the factory closed down in 1992. Two analytical approaches were used, indirect standardisation and Poisson regression. Results: Based on serial mortality rates for the general population of England and Wales, significantly increased mortality was shown for cancers of the pharynx (observed (Obs) 4, expected (Exp) 0.7, standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 559, p Conclusions: The study findings do not support the hypotheses that cadmium compounds are human lung carcinogens.

  • lung cancer mortality in uk nickel cadmium Battery workers 1947 2000
    Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2004
    Co-Authors: Tom Sorahan, Nurtan A. Esmen
    Abstract:

    Aims: To investigate mortality from lung cancer in Nickel-Cadmium Battery workers in relation to cumulative exposure to cadmium hydroxide. Methods: The mortality of a cohort of 926 male workers from a factory engaged in the manufacture of Nickel-Cadmium batteries in the West Midlands of England was investigated for the period 1947–2000. All subjects were first employed at the plant in the period 1947–75 and employed for a minimum period of 12 months. Work histories were available for the period 1947–86; the factory closed down in 1992. Two analytical approaches were used, indirect standardisation and Poisson regression. Results: Based on serial mortality rates for the general population of England and Wales, significantly increased mortality was shown for cancers of the pharynx (observed (Obs) 4, expected (Exp) 0.7, standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 559, p Conclusions: The study findings do not support the hypotheses that cadmium compounds are human lung carcinogens.

K H Norian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • equivalent circuit components of nickel cadmium Battery at different states of charge
    Journal of Power Sources, 2011
    Co-Authors: K H Norian
    Abstract:

    Abstract Equations that describe the voltage variations with time of a rechargeable Battery during charging and discharging were used to determine the component values of the equivalent circuit of nickel–cadmium batteries under different states of charge (SOC). The equivalent circuit of the Battery was described as an ideal voltage source in series with a resistor and the parallel combination of a resistor and a capacitor. The Battery model used different values of resistance and capacitance, in the parallel combination, during the different phases of the discharge-rest–charge-rest sequence. The results show that the series resistance is approximately constant with variations in the SOC while the resistor in the parallel RC circuit increases as the SOC decreases. For the discharge and charge phases the capacitor value increased and decreased, respectively, as the SOC decreased. The value of the resistor or capacitor in the parallel RC circuit is an indicator of the Battery SOC.

  • equivalent circuit components of nickel cadmium Battery at different states of charge
    Journal of Power Sources, 2011
    Co-Authors: K H Norian
    Abstract:

    Abstract Equations that describe the voltage variations with time of a rechargeable Battery during charging and discharging were used to determine the component values of the equivalent circuit of nickel–cadmium batteries under different states of charge (SOC). The equivalent circuit of the Battery was described as an ideal voltage source in series with a resistor and the parallel combination of a resistor and a capacitor. The Battery model used different values of resistance and capacitance, in the parallel combination, during the different phases of the discharge-rest–charge-rest sequence. The results show that the series resistance is approximately constant with variations in the SOC while the resistor in the parallel RC circuit increases as the SOC decreases. For the discharge and charge phases the capacitor value increased and decreased, respectively, as the SOC decreased. The value of the resistor or capacitor in the parallel RC circuit is an indicator of the Battery SOC.

  • transient boundary voltage method for measurement of equivalent circuit components of rechargeable batteries
    Journal of Power Sources, 2011
    Co-Authors: K H Norian
    Abstract:

    Abstract A method is presented for measuring the equivalent circuit components of rechargeable batteries. The temporal discharge–rest–charge–rest sequence of a rechargeable Battery is described, using the principles of transient circuit analysis, to derive equations for the Battery voltage as a function of time during voltage transients and at the boundaries at transitions between transient phases. The equations lead to a new measurement method for Battery characterization. The equivalent circuit of the Battery is described as an ideal voltage source in series with a resistor and the parallel combination of a resistor and a capacitor. The Battery model uses different values of resistance and capacitance, in the parallel combination, during the different phases of the discharge–rest–charge–rest sequence. The method is used to measure the circuit parameters of a nickel–cadmium Battery.

Tom Sorahan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • lung cancer mortality in uk nickel cadmium Battery workers 1947 2000
    Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2004
    Co-Authors: Tom Sorahan, Nurtan A. Esmen
    Abstract:

    Aims: To investigate mortality from lung cancer in Nickel-Cadmium Battery workers in relation to cumulative exposure to cadmium hydroxide. Methods: The mortality of a cohort of 926 male workers from a factory engaged in the manufacture of Nickel-Cadmium batteries in the West Midlands of England was investigated for the period 1947–2000. All subjects were first employed at the plant in the period 1947–75 and employed for a minimum period of 12 months. Work histories were available for the period 1947–86; the factory closed down in 1992. Two analytical approaches were used, indirect standardisation and Poisson regression. Results: Based on serial mortality rates for the general population of England and Wales, significantly increased mortality was shown for cancers of the pharynx (observed (Obs) 4, expected (Exp) 0.7, standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 559, p Conclusions: The study findings do not support the hypotheses that cadmium compounds are human lung carcinogens.

  • lung cancer mortality in uk nickel cadmium Battery workers 1947 2000
    Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2004
    Co-Authors: Tom Sorahan, Nurtan A. Esmen
    Abstract:

    Aims: To investigate mortality from lung cancer in Nickel-Cadmium Battery workers in relation to cumulative exposure to cadmium hydroxide. Methods: The mortality of a cohort of 926 male workers from a factory engaged in the manufacture of Nickel-Cadmium batteries in the West Midlands of England was investigated for the period 1947–2000. All subjects were first employed at the plant in the period 1947–75 and employed for a minimum period of 12 months. Work histories were available for the period 1947–86; the factory closed down in 1992. Two analytical approaches were used, indirect standardisation and Poisson regression. Results: Based on serial mortality rates for the general population of England and Wales, significantly increased mortality was shown for cancers of the pharynx (observed (Obs) 4, expected (Exp) 0.7, standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 559, p Conclusions: The study findings do not support the hypotheses that cadmium compounds are human lung carcinogens.

Zhang Qiuyun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • separation of cadmium ii from spent nickel cadmium Battery by emulsion liquid membrane
    Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2010
    Co-Authors: Zhang Yanlin, Liu Peihong, Zhang Qiuyun
    Abstract:

    Experiments were conducted to investigate the separation of cadmium(II) from spent nickel/cadmium Battery by emulsion liquid membrane. Liquid membrane mainly consisted of a diluent (kerosene), a surfactant (Span 80), a carrier (di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, D2EHPA) and an internal phase (sulfuric acid). Main research effort was focused on the identification of optimal parameters affecting the separation process, such as D2EHPA (4.4vol%), Span 80 (6.6 vol%), pH in the external phase (3.0), treat ratio (0.4), agitation time (10 min), and sulfuric acid concentration (1500 mol/m 3 ). With the selected emulsion liquid membrane to separate cadmium(II) from the leaching solution of spent nickel/cadmium Battery, the fraction extracted of cadmium(II) ions (0.963) was much more than that of nickel(II) ions (0.026). The organic membrane phase after demulsification was re-mulsification and recycled up to eight times.

  • separation of cadmium ii from spent nickel cadmium Battery by emulsion liquid membrane
    Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2010
    Co-Authors: Zhang Yanlin, Liu Peihong, Zhang Qiuyun
    Abstract:

    Experiments were conducted to investigate the separation of cadmium(II) from spent nickel/cadmium Battery by emulsion liquid membrane. Liquid membrane mainly consisted of a diluent (kerosene), a surfactant (Span 80), a carrier (di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, D2EHPA) and an internal phase (sulfuric acid). Main research effort was focused on the identification of optimal parameters affecting the separation process, such as D2EHPA (4.4vol%), Span 80 (6.6 vol%), pH in the external phase (3.0), treat ratio (0.4), agitation time (10 min), and sulfuric acid concentration (1500 mol/m 3 ). With the selected emulsion liquid membrane to separate cadmium(II) from the leaching solution of spent nickel/cadmium Battery, the fraction extracted of cadmium(II) ions (0.963) was much more than that of nickel(II) ions (0.026). The organic membrane phase after demulsification was re-mulsification and recycled up to eight times.

Tofy Mussivand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the effect of pulsatile power loads on nickel cadmium Battery cells for mechanical circulatory support devices
    Asaio Journal, 1994
    Co-Authors: Gregory K. Maclean, Peter A. Aiken, Daniel G. Duguay, William A. Adams, Tofy Mussivand
    Abstract:

    : A number of portable medical devices, including the implantable ventricular assist device, demand fluctuating or pulsatile power from their batteries. Therefore, a study was undertaken to determine the effects of these pulsatile discharge loads on the cycle life and operating time of rectangular prismatic nickel/cadmium Battery cells. The Battery cells were charge/discharge cycled at 37 degrees C using either a pulsatile discharge load of 10.0 or 11.25 W (average) or a nonpulsatile discharge load equivalent to the average of the pulsatile loads. The tests showed that the pulsatile discharged cells gave significantly less operating time throughout their cycle life, by a mean of 3 +/- 3-8 +/- 2 min on each cycle (ie, 8 +/- 8-18 +/- 5%), compared to the cells under equivalent nonpulsatile discharge loads. The tests also showed that the pulsatile discharged cells had significantly shorter cycle lives, by 61-97 cycles (11-17%), than the nonpulsatile discharged cells. The results show that, under the test conditions of this study, pulsatile discharge loads reduce the cycle lives and operating times of rectangular prismatic nickel/cadmium Battery cells, compared to cells discharged under nonpulsatile loads of equivalent average power.

  • evaluation of nickel cadmium Battery packs for mechanical circulatory support devices
    Asaio Journal, 1993
    Co-Authors: Gregory K. Maclean, Peter A. Aiken, William A. Adams, Tofy Mussivand
    Abstract:

    : The mismatching of Battery cell capacities within a rechargeable Battery pack can result in reduced cycle life and operating time, as well as an increased safety risk due to gas release, which is a concern when used in implantable medical devices, such as a ventricular assist device (VAD). Two groups of four nickel/cadmium (Ni/Cd) Battery packs containing 10 cells each (i.e., 12 volt packs) were evaluated for their cycle life, safe operating time, and the impact of mismatched cell capacities within the pack. Four control Battery packs containing capacity matched cells (within +/- 0.4% of mean) and four Battery packs each containing one low capacity cell (4.7-10.7% below mean) together with nine high capacity matched cells (within +/- 0.6% of mean) were charge/discharge cycled at 37 degrees C using a 9.7 W average pulsatile discharge load and a 30 minute discharge time on each cycle. Periodically, the Battery packs were fully discharged down to 10 volts and each cell was monitored for negative voltages. The capacity matched and mismatched packs yielded similar performance curves, with an initial decline in mean total operating time until a plateau was reached of 41.1 +/- 1.5 and 41.8 +/- 1.8 minutes of discharge time, respectively. The mean total operating times of the matched and mismatched packs began to decline again after approximately 670 and 635 cycles, respectively. Cell voltage monitoring showed no negative voltages, indicating that no gases were released from the cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)