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Keith Scott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recycling of Nickel Metal hydride batteries i dissolution and solvent extraction of Metals
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2004Co-Authors: N. Tzanetakis, Keith ScottAbstract:Nickel–Metal hydride batteries contain valuable Metallic components and although they are not considered a hazardous waste, recovery of these materials is necessary from an economic point of view. In this work a hydroMetallurgical method for the dissolution and separation of the Metals from cylindrical Nickel–Metal hydride rechargeable batteries was investigated. Hydrochloric acid was employed as the leaching agent to dissolve the Metals from the batteries. Dissolution of Metals was investigated as a function of acid concentration, leaching time and temperature. Suitable conditions for maximum Metal dissolution were 3 h leaching with 4.0 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid solutions at 95 °C. Extraction of 98% of Nickel, 100% of cobalt and 99% of rare earth elements was achieved under these conditions. Separation of the rare earths from Nickel and cobalt was preliminarily investigated by single batch solvent extraction with 25% bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid. Efficient separation via complete extraction of the rare earths was obtained at a pH of approximately 2.5 while leaving Nickel and cobalt in the raffinate. A shrinking particle model which can enable, under certain conditions, evaluation of the extent of Metal dissolution present in Nickel–Metal hydride batteries was developed. A proposed electrochemical recovery of Nickel and cobalt is also briefly discussed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
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Recycling of Nickel–Metal hydride batteries. I: Dissolution and solvent extraction of Metals
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2004Co-Authors: N. Tzanetakis, Keith ScottAbstract:Nickel–Metal hydride batteries contain valuable Metallic components and although they are not considered a hazardous waste, recovery of these materials is necessary from an economic point of view. In this work a hydroMetallurgical method for the dissolution and separation of the Metals from cylindrical Nickel–Metal hydride rechargeable batteries was investigated. Hydrochloric acid was employed as the leaching agent to dissolve the Metals from the batteries. Dissolution of Metals was investigated as a function of acid concentration, leaching time and temperature. Suitable conditions for maximum Metal dissolution were 3 h leaching with 4.0 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid solutions at 95 °C. Extraction of 98% of Nickel, 100% of cobalt and 99% of rare earth elements was achieved under these conditions. Separation of the rare earths from Nickel and cobalt was preliminarily investigated by single batch solvent extraction with 25% bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid. Efficient separation via complete extraction of the rare earths was obtained at a pH of approximately 2.5 while leaving Nickel and cobalt in the raffinate. A shrinking particle model which can enable, under certain conditions, evaluation of the extent of Metal dissolution present in Nickel–Metal hydride batteries was developed. A proposed electrochemical recovery of Nickel and cobalt is also briefly discussed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Béatrice Biscans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Leaching mechanisms of industrial powders of spent Nickel Metal hydride batteries in a pilot‐scale reactor
ChemSusChem, 2020Co-Authors: Margot Zielinski, Laurent Cassayre, Philippe Destrac, Nicolas Coppey, Gilles Garin, Béatrice BiscansAbstract:In view of a sustainable recycling process, the leaching mechanisms of Nickel and rare‐earth elements (REEs) contained within industrial samples of spent Nickel Metal hydride battery powders were investigated in HCl and H2SO4, under mild temperature (25–60 °C) and pH (3–5.5). First, in‐depth characterization of the heterogeneous battery powder was carried out with powder XRD, SEM, electron probe microanalyzer wavelength‐dispersive spectroscopy (EPMA‐WDS) quantitative analyses of individual particles, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) elemental analysis. An unusual result is the identification of particles that exhibit a core–shell structure, which is related to anode active mass aging mechanisms. Then, a leaching study in a 10 L pilot‐scale reactor demonstrated the selective dissolution of REEs, with respect to Nickel, at pH 3, which is attributed to 1) the kinetic inhibition of Nickel Metal dissolution, and 2) the specific core–shell structure of aged mischMetal particles. Furthermore, the use of H2SO4 led to coprecipitation of lanthanide–alkali double sulfates and Nickel salts.
N. Tzanetakis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recycling of Nickel Metal hydride batteries i dissolution and solvent extraction of Metals
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2004Co-Authors: N. Tzanetakis, Keith ScottAbstract:Nickel–Metal hydride batteries contain valuable Metallic components and although they are not considered a hazardous waste, recovery of these materials is necessary from an economic point of view. In this work a hydroMetallurgical method for the dissolution and separation of the Metals from cylindrical Nickel–Metal hydride rechargeable batteries was investigated. Hydrochloric acid was employed as the leaching agent to dissolve the Metals from the batteries. Dissolution of Metals was investigated as a function of acid concentration, leaching time and temperature. Suitable conditions for maximum Metal dissolution were 3 h leaching with 4.0 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid solutions at 95 °C. Extraction of 98% of Nickel, 100% of cobalt and 99% of rare earth elements was achieved under these conditions. Separation of the rare earths from Nickel and cobalt was preliminarily investigated by single batch solvent extraction with 25% bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid. Efficient separation via complete extraction of the rare earths was obtained at a pH of approximately 2.5 while leaving Nickel and cobalt in the raffinate. A shrinking particle model which can enable, under certain conditions, evaluation of the extent of Metal dissolution present in Nickel–Metal hydride batteries was developed. A proposed electrochemical recovery of Nickel and cobalt is also briefly discussed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
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Recycling of Nickel–Metal hydride batteries. I: Dissolution and solvent extraction of Metals
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2004Co-Authors: N. Tzanetakis, Keith ScottAbstract:Nickel–Metal hydride batteries contain valuable Metallic components and although they are not considered a hazardous waste, recovery of these materials is necessary from an economic point of view. In this work a hydroMetallurgical method for the dissolution and separation of the Metals from cylindrical Nickel–Metal hydride rechargeable batteries was investigated. Hydrochloric acid was employed as the leaching agent to dissolve the Metals from the batteries. Dissolution of Metals was investigated as a function of acid concentration, leaching time and temperature. Suitable conditions for maximum Metal dissolution were 3 h leaching with 4.0 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid solutions at 95 °C. Extraction of 98% of Nickel, 100% of cobalt and 99% of rare earth elements was achieved under these conditions. Separation of the rare earths from Nickel and cobalt was preliminarily investigated by single batch solvent extraction with 25% bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid. Efficient separation via complete extraction of the rare earths was obtained at a pH of approximately 2.5 while leaving Nickel and cobalt in the raffinate. A shrinking particle model which can enable, under certain conditions, evaluation of the extent of Metal dissolution present in Nickel–Metal hydride batteries was developed. A proposed electrochemical recovery of Nickel and cobalt is also briefly discussed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Srinivasan Venkatesan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nickel-Metal Hydride Electric Vehicle Batteries Through Materials Science Advances
MRS Proceedings, 2011Co-Authors: Srinivasan Venkatesan, M.a. Fetcenko, P.r. Gifford, S.k. Dhar, Dennis A. Corrigan, Stanford R OvshinskyAbstract:Proprietary, multicomponent hydrogen storage materials have been developed making use of the principles of disorder by atomic engineering of the short-range and intermediate-range order. These materials form the basis for Ovonic Nickel-Metal Hydride batteries which have emerged as the leading battery technology for electric vehicle applications. Ovonic Batteries have the highest volumetric energy density available extending the practical range of electric vehicles from under 100 miles to over 200 miles.
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Development of advanced Nickel/Metal hydride batteries for electric and hybrid vehicles
Journal of Power Sources, 1999Co-Authors: Paul Gifford, Dennis Corrigan, John Adams, Srinivasan VenkatesanAbstract:Nickel/Metal hydride (Ni/MH) batteries have emerged as the battery technology of choice for electric vehicles. GM Ovonic L.L.C., a joint venture between General Motors and Ovonic Battery was established in 1994 to manufacture and commercialize Ovonic's proprietary Ni/MH batteries for electric and hybrid vehicle applications. GM Ovonic is developing a `family of batteries' aimed at product improvement and cost reduction. Current performance of these new battery designs is described, as well as projections for future improvements. In addition, advances in cell and battery power have allowed further product diversification into cells and batteries specifically designed for a range of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs).
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Nickel/Metal hydride technology for consumer and electric vehicle batteries : a review and up-date
Journal of Power Sources, 1997Co-Authors: S.k. Dhar, M.a. Fetcenko, Stanford R Ovshinsky, P.r. Gifford, Dennis A. Corrigan, Srinivasan VenkatesanAbstract:Abstract Nickel/Metal hydride batteries today represent the fastest growing market segment for rechargeable batteries due to the high energy density and more environmentally acceptable chemistry offered by this technology. The high energy density of Nickel/Metal hydride batteries coupled with high power density and long cycle life make this battery chemistry a key enabling technology for practical electric vehicles, including cars, vans, trucks, and other forms of transportation such as scooters, bicycles, and three-wheelers. This paper provides a review of Ovonic technology and up-dates recent developments in materials and cell development for both consumer electronic and EV applications, and highlights areas for future development.
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Advances in Ovonic Nickel Metal hydride batteries for electric and hybrid vehicles
1994Co-Authors: P.r. Gifford, Srinivasan Venkatesan, D.a. Corrigan, S.k. Dhar, Fetcenko, Arthur Holland, Stanford R OvshinskyAbstract:Electric vehicle (EV) technology has been limited by the availability of suitable battery technology to provide the required vehicle range and performance at acceptable cost. Ovonic Battery Co. has developed a proprietary Nickel Metal hydride battery that provides the required advances in battery technology. This technology is based on the application of multi-element, multi-phase hydride alloys developed for use as negative electrode materials. Ovonic batteries have demonstrated high energy and power density, long cycle life, excellent overcharge and overdischarge tolerance, and wide operating temperature range. An overview of cell and battery performance is presented as well as results discussed for EVs powered by Ovonic batteries. 20 refs.
Margot Zielinski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Leaching mechanisms of industrial powders of spent Nickel Metal hydride batteries in a pilot‐scale reactor
ChemSusChem, 2020Co-Authors: Margot Zielinski, Laurent Cassayre, Philippe Destrac, Nicolas Coppey, Gilles Garin, Béatrice BiscansAbstract:In view of a sustainable recycling process, the leaching mechanisms of Nickel and rare‐earth elements (REEs) contained within industrial samples of spent Nickel Metal hydride battery powders were investigated in HCl and H2SO4, under mild temperature (25–60 °C) and pH (3–5.5). First, in‐depth characterization of the heterogeneous battery powder was carried out with powder XRD, SEM, electron probe microanalyzer wavelength‐dispersive spectroscopy (EPMA‐WDS) quantitative analyses of individual particles, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) elemental analysis. An unusual result is the identification of particles that exhibit a core–shell structure, which is related to anode active mass aging mechanisms. Then, a leaching study in a 10 L pilot‐scale reactor demonstrated the selective dissolution of REEs, with respect to Nickel, at pH 3, which is attributed to 1) the kinetic inhibition of Nickel Metal dissolution, and 2) the specific core–shell structure of aged mischMetal particles. Furthermore, the use of H2SO4 led to coprecipitation of lanthanide–alkali double sulfates and Nickel salts.