The Experts below are selected from a list of 126 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Berit Bakke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterisation of occupational exposure to air contaminants in a Nitrate Fertiliser production plant
Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2012Co-Authors: Kristin H. Hovland, Yngvar Thomassen, Nils Petter Skaugset, Knut Skyberg, Marit Skogstad, Berit BakkeAbstract:The aim of this study was to characterise personal exposures to dust, acid vapours, and gases among workers in a Norwegian Nitrate Fertiliser production plant, as part of an ongoing epidemiological study. In total, 178 inhalable and 179 thoracic aerosol mass fraction samples were collected from randomly chosen workers (N = 141) from three compound Fertiliser departments (A, B and C), a calcium Nitrate Fertiliser production department, nitric acid- and ammonia-production departments, and a shipping department. The overall median inhalable and thoracic aerosol mass concentrations were generally low (1.1 mg m−3 (min–max: <0.93–45) and 0.21 mg m−3 (min–max: <0.085–11), respectively). Workers at the compound Fertiliser departments B and C had significantly higher inhalable aerosol mass air concentrations compared to the other departments (p < 0.05), except for compound Fertiliser department A; however, the difference between the compound Fertiliser department C and calcium Nitrate department was slightly above the significant level. Workers at the compound Fertiliser department A had significantly higher thoracic aerosol mass air concentrations compared to the other departments (p < 0.05), except for compound Fertiliser departments B and C. The results indicate that the extrathoracic aerosol fraction of the aerosol compared to the thoracic fraction dominated in most departments. Measurement of the main constituents Ca, K, Mg, and P in the water-soluble and water-insoluble aerosol mass fractions showed that the air concentrations of these elements were low. There is, however, a shift towards more water-soluble species as the production goes from raw material with phosphate rock towards the final product of Fertilisers. Overall, the arithmetic mean of water-soluble Ca in the thoracic mass fraction was 51% (min–max: 1–100). A total of 169 personal samples were analysed for HNO3 vapour and HF. The highest median concentration of HNO3 (0.63 mg m−3) was in the compound Fertiliser departments B, and all measurements but four of the HF concentrations were below the LOD of 190 μg m−3. Exposures to NH3, CO and NO2 were measured using direct-reading electrochemical sensors and the time weighted overall averages were all below the LODs of the respective sensors, NH3 2 ppm; CO 2 ppm; and NO2 0.2 ppm, but some short-term peaks were detected. Even though our results indicate that the workers may experience peak exposure episodes when performing job tasks such as cleaning or maintenance work, the overall air concentrations are well below what is considered to cause known health risks.
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Characterisation of occupational exposure to air contaminants in a Nitrate Fertiliser production plant.
Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM, 2012Co-Authors: Kristin H. Hovland, Yngvar Thomassen, Nils Petter Skaugset, Knut Skyberg, Marit Skogstad, Berit BakkeAbstract:The aim of this study was to characterise personal exposures to dust, acid vapours, and gases among workers in a Norwegian Nitrate Fertiliser production plant, as part of an ongoing epidemiological study. In total, 178 inhalable and 179 thoracic aerosol mass fraction samples were collected from randomly chosen workers (N = 141) from three compound Fertiliser departments (A, B and C), a calcium Nitrate Fertiliser production department, nitric acid- and ammonia-production departments, and a shipping department. The overall median inhalable and thoracic aerosol mass concentrations were generally low (1.1 mg m−3 (min–max:
Haruo Tsuruta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The influence of controlled release Fertilisers and the form of applied Fertiliser nitrogen on nitrous oxide emissions from an andosol
Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2003Co-Authors: Iain P Mctaggart, Haruo TsurutaAbstract:A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine whether applying controlled release nitrogen Fertilisers could reduce nitrous oxide emissions from an andosol maintained at different water contents, compared with applying standard nitrogen Fertiliser. The effect of the form of N applied (NH4-N or NO3-N) was also investigated. Soil was collected from an arable field and sub-samples were treated with controlled release or standard Fertiliser, applied at a rate of 200 μg N g−1 dry soil either as NH4+ or NO3−. The soils were maintained at 40%, 55%, 70% or 85% water filled pore space (WFPS) and incubated at 25 °C for 50 days. Gas samples were collected and analysed every 3–4 days and soil samples were analysed on five occasions during the incubation. Emissions of N2O were much greater from ammonium sulphate than from calcium Nitrate Fertiliser, indicating that nitrification was the main source of the N2O. Emissions at 85% WFPS were greater than at the lower water contents in all treatments. The use of controlled release NH4-N Fertilisers reduced and delayed the maximum peak of emissions, but at 55% and 70% WFPS this did not always result in lower total emissions. Emissions from the controlled release NO3-N Fertiliser were very low, but only significantly lower than from standard NO3-N Fertiliser at water contents below 85% WFPS. The results demonstrate that choosing the appropriate form of Fertiliser in relation to expected soil moisture could significantly reduce N2O emissions. Applying the Fertiliser in a controlled-release form could further reduce emissions by reducing the length of time that Fertiliser nitrogen is present in the soil and available for nitrification or denitrification.
Kristin H. Hovland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterisation of occupational exposure to air contaminants in a Nitrate Fertiliser production plant
Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2012Co-Authors: Kristin H. Hovland, Yngvar Thomassen, Nils Petter Skaugset, Knut Skyberg, Marit Skogstad, Berit BakkeAbstract:The aim of this study was to characterise personal exposures to dust, acid vapours, and gases among workers in a Norwegian Nitrate Fertiliser production plant, as part of an ongoing epidemiological study. In total, 178 inhalable and 179 thoracic aerosol mass fraction samples were collected from randomly chosen workers (N = 141) from three compound Fertiliser departments (A, B and C), a calcium Nitrate Fertiliser production department, nitric acid- and ammonia-production departments, and a shipping department. The overall median inhalable and thoracic aerosol mass concentrations were generally low (1.1 mg m−3 (min–max: <0.93–45) and 0.21 mg m−3 (min–max: <0.085–11), respectively). Workers at the compound Fertiliser departments B and C had significantly higher inhalable aerosol mass air concentrations compared to the other departments (p < 0.05), except for compound Fertiliser department A; however, the difference between the compound Fertiliser department C and calcium Nitrate department was slightly above the significant level. Workers at the compound Fertiliser department A had significantly higher thoracic aerosol mass air concentrations compared to the other departments (p < 0.05), except for compound Fertiliser departments B and C. The results indicate that the extrathoracic aerosol fraction of the aerosol compared to the thoracic fraction dominated in most departments. Measurement of the main constituents Ca, K, Mg, and P in the water-soluble and water-insoluble aerosol mass fractions showed that the air concentrations of these elements were low. There is, however, a shift towards more water-soluble species as the production goes from raw material with phosphate rock towards the final product of Fertilisers. Overall, the arithmetic mean of water-soluble Ca in the thoracic mass fraction was 51% (min–max: 1–100). A total of 169 personal samples were analysed for HNO3 vapour and HF. The highest median concentration of HNO3 (0.63 mg m−3) was in the compound Fertiliser departments B, and all measurements but four of the HF concentrations were below the LOD of 190 μg m−3. Exposures to NH3, CO and NO2 were measured using direct-reading electrochemical sensors and the time weighted overall averages were all below the LODs of the respective sensors, NH3 2 ppm; CO 2 ppm; and NO2 0.2 ppm, but some short-term peaks were detected. Even though our results indicate that the workers may experience peak exposure episodes when performing job tasks such as cleaning or maintenance work, the overall air concentrations are well below what is considered to cause known health risks.
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Characterisation of occupational exposure to air contaminants in a Nitrate Fertiliser production plant.
Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM, 2012Co-Authors: Kristin H. Hovland, Yngvar Thomassen, Nils Petter Skaugset, Knut Skyberg, Marit Skogstad, Berit BakkeAbstract:The aim of this study was to characterise personal exposures to dust, acid vapours, and gases among workers in a Norwegian Nitrate Fertiliser production plant, as part of an ongoing epidemiological study. In total, 178 inhalable and 179 thoracic aerosol mass fraction samples were collected from randomly chosen workers (N = 141) from three compound Fertiliser departments (A, B and C), a calcium Nitrate Fertiliser production department, nitric acid- and ammonia-production departments, and a shipping department. The overall median inhalable and thoracic aerosol mass concentrations were generally low (1.1 mg m−3 (min–max:
Iain P Mctaggart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The influence of controlled release Fertilisers and the form of applied Fertiliser nitrogen on nitrous oxide emissions from an andosol
Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 2003Co-Authors: Iain P Mctaggart, Haruo TsurutaAbstract:A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine whether applying controlled release nitrogen Fertilisers could reduce nitrous oxide emissions from an andosol maintained at different water contents, compared with applying standard nitrogen Fertiliser. The effect of the form of N applied (NH4-N or NO3-N) was also investigated. Soil was collected from an arable field and sub-samples were treated with controlled release or standard Fertiliser, applied at a rate of 200 μg N g−1 dry soil either as NH4+ or NO3−. The soils were maintained at 40%, 55%, 70% or 85% water filled pore space (WFPS) and incubated at 25 °C for 50 days. Gas samples were collected and analysed every 3–4 days and soil samples were analysed on five occasions during the incubation. Emissions of N2O were much greater from ammonium sulphate than from calcium Nitrate Fertiliser, indicating that nitrification was the main source of the N2O. Emissions at 85% WFPS were greater than at the lower water contents in all treatments. The use of controlled release NH4-N Fertilisers reduced and delayed the maximum peak of emissions, but at 55% and 70% WFPS this did not always result in lower total emissions. Emissions from the controlled release NO3-N Fertiliser were very low, but only significantly lower than from standard NO3-N Fertiliser at water contents below 85% WFPS. The results demonstrate that choosing the appropriate form of Fertiliser in relation to expected soil moisture could significantly reduce N2O emissions. Applying the Fertiliser in a controlled-release form could further reduce emissions by reducing the length of time that Fertiliser nitrogen is present in the soil and available for nitrification or denitrification.
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Nitrous Oxide Flux from Fertilised Grassland: Strategies for Reducing Emissions
Non-CO2 Greenhouse Gases: Why and How to Control?, 1994Co-Authors: Iain P Mctaggart, H. Clayton, Keith A. SmithAbstract:Nitrous oxide emissions from soils, through the processes of nitrification and denitrification, are increased by N Fertiliser application. The effect of choosing a form of N Fertiliser appropriate to the environmental conditions, and the effect of nitrification inhibitors, on N2O emissions, were studied on a grassland site over two growing seasons. Total emissions were greatest from urea Fertiliser, with the greatest losses coming from urea applications in the warmer, drier months of June and August, suggesting that the N2O was formed mainly via nitrification. The greatest emissions of N2O from ammonium Nitrate Fertiliser occurred after applications in April in relatively wet conditions, when the emissions from urea and ammonium sulphate were low, indicating that denitrification was probably responsible. The application of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) reduced emissions from the ammonium-based Fertilisers by up to 64%. A single application of nitrapyrin reduced emissions by up to 52%. When urea Fertiliser was applied in the spring, followed by ammonium Nitrate later in the growing season, the emissions of N2O were lower than when only urea or only ammonium Nitrate were used throughout the season; the reduction was similar to that obtained using the nitrification inhibitors.
Marit Skogstad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterisation of occupational exposure to air contaminants in a Nitrate Fertiliser production plant
Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 2012Co-Authors: Kristin H. Hovland, Yngvar Thomassen, Nils Petter Skaugset, Knut Skyberg, Marit Skogstad, Berit BakkeAbstract:The aim of this study was to characterise personal exposures to dust, acid vapours, and gases among workers in a Norwegian Nitrate Fertiliser production plant, as part of an ongoing epidemiological study. In total, 178 inhalable and 179 thoracic aerosol mass fraction samples were collected from randomly chosen workers (N = 141) from three compound Fertiliser departments (A, B and C), a calcium Nitrate Fertiliser production department, nitric acid- and ammonia-production departments, and a shipping department. The overall median inhalable and thoracic aerosol mass concentrations were generally low (1.1 mg m−3 (min–max: <0.93–45) and 0.21 mg m−3 (min–max: <0.085–11), respectively). Workers at the compound Fertiliser departments B and C had significantly higher inhalable aerosol mass air concentrations compared to the other departments (p < 0.05), except for compound Fertiliser department A; however, the difference between the compound Fertiliser department C and calcium Nitrate department was slightly above the significant level. Workers at the compound Fertiliser department A had significantly higher thoracic aerosol mass air concentrations compared to the other departments (p < 0.05), except for compound Fertiliser departments B and C. The results indicate that the extrathoracic aerosol fraction of the aerosol compared to the thoracic fraction dominated in most departments. Measurement of the main constituents Ca, K, Mg, and P in the water-soluble and water-insoluble aerosol mass fractions showed that the air concentrations of these elements were low. There is, however, a shift towards more water-soluble species as the production goes from raw material with phosphate rock towards the final product of Fertilisers. Overall, the arithmetic mean of water-soluble Ca in the thoracic mass fraction was 51% (min–max: 1–100). A total of 169 personal samples were analysed for HNO3 vapour and HF. The highest median concentration of HNO3 (0.63 mg m−3) was in the compound Fertiliser departments B, and all measurements but four of the HF concentrations were below the LOD of 190 μg m−3. Exposures to NH3, CO and NO2 were measured using direct-reading electrochemical sensors and the time weighted overall averages were all below the LODs of the respective sensors, NH3 2 ppm; CO 2 ppm; and NO2 0.2 ppm, but some short-term peaks were detected. Even though our results indicate that the workers may experience peak exposure episodes when performing job tasks such as cleaning or maintenance work, the overall air concentrations are well below what is considered to cause known health risks.
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Characterisation of occupational exposure to air contaminants in a Nitrate Fertiliser production plant.
Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM, 2012Co-Authors: Kristin H. Hovland, Yngvar Thomassen, Nils Petter Skaugset, Knut Skyberg, Marit Skogstad, Berit BakkeAbstract:The aim of this study was to characterise personal exposures to dust, acid vapours, and gases among workers in a Norwegian Nitrate Fertiliser production plant, as part of an ongoing epidemiological study. In total, 178 inhalable and 179 thoracic aerosol mass fraction samples were collected from randomly chosen workers (N = 141) from three compound Fertiliser departments (A, B and C), a calcium Nitrate Fertiliser production department, nitric acid- and ammonia-production departments, and a shipping department. The overall median inhalable and thoracic aerosol mass concentrations were generally low (1.1 mg m−3 (min–max: