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Nitrate
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Abolghasem Ataie – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of fe ba molar ratio on the characteristics of ba hexaferrite particles prepared by sol gel combustion method
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2005Co-Authors: A Mali, Abolghasem AtaieAbstract:Abstract Nano-crystalline particles of barium hexaferrite (BaFe 12 O 19 ) have been prepared by a sol–gel combustion technique using Nitrate–citrate gels prepared from metal Nitrates and citric acid solutions under various Fe/Ba molar ratios of 10, 11 and 12. The thermal decomposition process of the Nitrate–citrate gels and as-burnt powders was investigated by XRD and DTA/TGA techniques. The results revealed that the Nitrate citrate gels exhibit a self-propagating behavior after ignition and the single-phase barium hexaferrite formation temperature is significantly influenced by Fe/Ba molar ratio. The Fe/Ba molar ratio of 11 is more favorable for formation of barium hexaferrite. The SEM investigations revealed that the mean particle size of barium hexaferrite dramatically increases with increasing calcination temperature from 1000 to 1100 °C. The magnetic properties measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) revealed that the sample synthesized under Fe/Ba molar ratio of 11, exhibits higher saturation magnetization in comparison with those synthesized under Fe/Ba molar ratios of 10 and 12.
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influence of the metal Nitrates to citric acid molar ratio on the combustion process and phase constitution of barium hexaferrite particles prepared by sol gel combustion method
Ceramics International, 2004Co-Authors: A Mali, Abolghasem AtaieAbstract:A novel sol–gel combustion process was used to synthesize the ultrafine particles of barium hexaferrite. The Nitrate–citrate gels were prepared from metal Nitrates and citric acid solutions under various molar ratios of the metal Nitrates to citric acid of 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 3 by sol–gel process. The results showed that the Nitrate citrate gels exhibit a self-propagating behavior after ignition in air at room temperature. The thermal decomposition of Nitrate–citrate gels and the phase evolution of calcined powder were investigated respectively by DTA/TG and XRD techniques. Scanning electron micrmicroscope was used to characterize the microstructure of the products. The results revealed that the formation temperature and the crystallite size of barium hexaferrite are influenced significantly by the molar ratio of the metal Nitrates to citric acid. The formation temperature of barium hexaferrite decreases with increasing the molar ratio of the metal Nitrates to citric acid. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.
Deborah Moll – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a review of Nitrates in drinking water maternal exposure and adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes
Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, 2007Co-Authors: Deana M Manassaram, Lorraine C Backer, Deborah MollAbstract:In this review, we present an update on maternal exposure to Nitrates in drinking water in relation to possible adverse reproductive and developmental effects, and discuss Nitrates in drinking water in the United States. The current standard for Nitrates in drinking water is based on retrospective studies and approximates a level that protects infants from methemoglobinemia, but no safety factor is built into the standard. The current standard applies only to public water systems. Animal studies have found adverse reproductive effects resulting from higher doses of Nitrate or nitrite. The epidemiologic evidence of a direct exposure-response relationship between drinking water Nitrate level and adverse reproductive effect is still not clear. However, some reports have suggested an association between exposure to Nitrates in drinking water and spontaneous abortions, intrauterine growth restriction, and various birth defects. Uncertainties in epidemiologic studies include the lack of individual exposure assessment that would rule out confounding of the exposure with some other cause. We conclude that the current literature does not provide sufficient evidence of a causal relationship between exposure to Nitrates in drinking water and adverse reproductive effects.
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a review of Nitrates in drinking water maternal exposure and adverse reproductive and developmental outcomes
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2006Co-Authors: Deana M Manassaram, Lorraine C Backer, Deborah MollAbstract:In this review we present an update on maternal exposure to Nitrates in drinking water in relation to possible adverse reproductive and developmental effects, and also discuss Nitrates in drinking water in the United States. The current standard for Nitrates in drinking water is based on retrospective studies and approximates a level that protects infants from methemoglobinemia, but no safety factor is built into the standard. The current standard applies only to public water systems. Drinking water source was related to Nitrate exposure (i.e., private systems water was more likely than community system water to have Nitrate levels above the maximum contaminant limit). Animal studies have found adverse reproductive effects resulting from higher doses of Nitrate or nitrite. The epidemiologic evidence of a direct exposure–response relationship between drinking water Nitrate level and adverse reproductive effect is still not clear. However, some reports have suggested an association between exposure to Nitrates in drinking water and spontaneous abortions, intrauterine growth restriction, and various birth defects. Uncertainties in epidemiologic studies include the lack of individual exposure assessment that would rule out confounding of the exposure with some other cause. Nitrates may be just one of the contaminants in drinking water contributing to adverse outcomes. We conclude that the current literature does not provide sufficient evidence of a causal relationship between exposure to Nitrates in drinking water and adverse reproductive effects. Future studies incorporating individual exposure assessment about users of private wells—the population most at risk—should be considered.
A Mali – One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of fe ba molar ratio on the characteristics of ba hexaferrite particles prepared by sol gel combustion method
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2005Co-Authors: A Mali, Abolghasem AtaieAbstract:Abstract Nano-crystalline particles of barium hexaferrite (BaFe 12 O 19 ) have been prepared by a sol–gel combustion technique using Nitrate–citrate gels prepared from metal Nitrates and citric acid solutions under various Fe/Ba molar ratios of 10, 11 and 12. The thermal decomposition process of the Nitrate–citrate gels and as-burnt powders was investigated by XRD and DTA/TGA techniques. The results revealed that the Nitrate citrate gels exhibit a self-propagating behavior after ignition and the single-phase barium hexaferrite formation temperature is significantly influenced by Fe/Ba molar ratio. The Fe/Ba molar ratio of 11 is more favorable for formation of barium hexaferrite. The SEM investigations revealed that the mean particle size of barium hexaferrite dramatically increases with increasing calcination temperature from 1000 to 1100 °C. The magnetic properties measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) revealed that the sample synthesized under Fe/Ba molar ratio of 11, exhibits higher saturation magnetization in comparison with those synthesized under Fe/Ba molar ratios of 10 and 12.
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influence of the metal Nitrates to citric acid molar ratio on the combustion process and phase constitution of barium hexaferrite particles prepared by sol gel combustion method
Ceramics International, 2004Co-Authors: A Mali, Abolghasem AtaieAbstract:A novel sol–gel combustion process was used to synthesize the ultrafine particles of barium hexaferrite. The Nitrate–citrate gels were prepared from metal Nitrates and citric acid solutions under various molar ratios of the metal Nitrates to citric acid of 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 3 by sol–gel process. The results showed that the Nitrate citrate gels exhibit a self-propagating behavior after ignition in air at room temperature. The thermal decomposition of Nitrate–citrate gels and the phase evolution of calcined powder were investigated respectively by DTA/TG and XRD techniques. Scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the microstructure of the products. The results revealed that the formation temperature and the crystallite size of barium hexaferrite are influenced significantly by the molar ratio of the metal Nitrates to citric acid. The formation temperature of barium hexaferrite decreases with increasing the molar ratio of the metal Nitrates to citric acid. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.