The Experts below are selected from a list of 99 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Qian Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of Nonvolatile Solute on vapor liquid equilibrium at fixed liquid composition
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2002Co-Authors: Ren Yi Sun, Qian SunAbstract:Abstract The influence of some Nonvolatile Solutes on boiling points of two azeotropic mixtures (1-propanol–water and methanol–tetrahydrofuran systems) was determined by means of isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium experiments. A basic thermodynamic equation of Nonvolatile Solute effect on vapor–liquid equilibrium at fixed liquid composition was derived. Based on the theoretical analysis about the equation, two criterions of universal significance were obtained: (1) when a little Nonvolatile Solute dissolves in a binary liquid mixture with constant composition, if the vapor composition of less volatile component is increased the boiling point must be elevated at given pressure or the vapor pressure must be depressed at given temperature; (2) when a little Nonvolatile Solute dissolves in an azeotropic mixture, any kind of Nonvolatile Solute always causes the elevation of boiling point at given pressure or the depression of vapor pressure at given temperature irrespective of the variation of vapor composition. Verifying through the experiments of this paper and lot of the relevant experimental data in the literature, all of the experimental results were in agreement with both criterions without exception.
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Effect of Nonvolatile Solute on vapor–liquid equilibrium at fixed liquid composition
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2001Co-Authors: Ren Yi Sun, Qian SunAbstract:Abstract The influence of some Nonvolatile Solutes on boiling points of two azeotropic mixtures (1-propanol–water and methanol–tetrahydrofuran systems) was determined by means of isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium experiments. A basic thermodynamic equation of Nonvolatile Solute effect on vapor–liquid equilibrium at fixed liquid composition was derived. Based on the theoretical analysis about the equation, two criterions of universal significance were obtained: (1) when a little Nonvolatile Solute dissolves in a binary liquid mixture with constant composition, if the vapor composition of less volatile component is increased the boiling point must be elevated at given pressure or the vapor pressure must be depressed at given temperature; (2) when a little Nonvolatile Solute dissolves in an azeotropic mixture, any kind of Nonvolatile Solute always causes the elevation of boiling point at given pressure or the depression of vapor pressure at given temperature irrespective of the variation of vapor composition. Verifying through the experiments of this paper and lot of the relevant experimental data in the literature, all of the experimental results were in agreement with both criterions without exception.
Ren Yi Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of Nonvolatile Solute on vapor liquid equilibrium at fixed liquid composition
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2002Co-Authors: Ren Yi Sun, Qian SunAbstract:Abstract The influence of some Nonvolatile Solutes on boiling points of two azeotropic mixtures (1-propanol–water and methanol–tetrahydrofuran systems) was determined by means of isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium experiments. A basic thermodynamic equation of Nonvolatile Solute effect on vapor–liquid equilibrium at fixed liquid composition was derived. Based on the theoretical analysis about the equation, two criterions of universal significance were obtained: (1) when a little Nonvolatile Solute dissolves in a binary liquid mixture with constant composition, if the vapor composition of less volatile component is increased the boiling point must be elevated at given pressure or the vapor pressure must be depressed at given temperature; (2) when a little Nonvolatile Solute dissolves in an azeotropic mixture, any kind of Nonvolatile Solute always causes the elevation of boiling point at given pressure or the depression of vapor pressure at given temperature irrespective of the variation of vapor composition. Verifying through the experiments of this paper and lot of the relevant experimental data in the literature, all of the experimental results were in agreement with both criterions without exception.
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Effect of Nonvolatile Solute on vapor–liquid equilibrium at fixed liquid composition
Fluid Phase Equilibria, 2001Co-Authors: Ren Yi Sun, Qian SunAbstract:Abstract The influence of some Nonvolatile Solutes on boiling points of two azeotropic mixtures (1-propanol–water and methanol–tetrahydrofuran systems) was determined by means of isobaric vapor–liquid equilibrium experiments. A basic thermodynamic equation of Nonvolatile Solute effect on vapor–liquid equilibrium at fixed liquid composition was derived. Based on the theoretical analysis about the equation, two criterions of universal significance were obtained: (1) when a little Nonvolatile Solute dissolves in a binary liquid mixture with constant composition, if the vapor composition of less volatile component is increased the boiling point must be elevated at given pressure or the vapor pressure must be depressed at given temperature; (2) when a little Nonvolatile Solute dissolves in an azeotropic mixture, any kind of Nonvolatile Solute always causes the elevation of boiling point at given pressure or the depression of vapor pressure at given temperature irrespective of the variation of vapor composition. Verifying through the experiments of this paper and lot of the relevant experimental data in the literature, all of the experimental results were in agreement with both criterions without exception.
Abraham Stroock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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How Solutes Modify the Thermodynamics and Dynamics of Filling and Emptying in Extreme Ink-Bottle Pores
Langmuir, 2019Co-Authors: Olivier Vincent, Jiamin Zhang, Eugene Choi, Siyu Zhu, Abraham StroockAbstract:We investigate the filling and emptying of extreme ink-bottle porous media—micrometer-scale pores connected by nanometer-scale pores—when changing the pressure of the external vapor, in a case where the pore liquid contains Solutes. These phenomena are relevant in diverse contexts, such as the weathering of building materials and artwork, aerosol formation in the atmosphere, and the hydration of soils and plants. Using model systems made of vein-shaped microcavities interconnected by a mesoporous matrix, we show experimentally that the presence of a Nonvolatile Solute shifts the condensation and evaporation transitions and in a way that is consistent with a modified Kelvin–Laplace equation that takes into account the osmotic pressure of the solution. Emptying occurs far below saturation, when the Kelvin stress, mediated by the large curvature of the liquid–vapor interfaces in the nanopores, is negative enough to induce spontaneous bubble nucleation in the microveins. Filling, on the other hand, occurs close to equilibrium (i.e., at saturation, psat for pure water and ps < psat for a solution), driven by the weak capillary pressure of the liquid–vapor interface in the microveins. Interestingly, Solutes allow the system to reach situations where the vapor is supersaturated with respect to the solution (ps < p < psat). We show that in that latter situation, a condensation layer covers the outer surface of the porous system, preventing the generation of Kelvin stresses but inducing osmotic stresses and flows that are vapor pressure-dependent. The timescales and dynamics reflect these different driving forces: emptying proceeds through discrete, stochastic nucleation events with very fast, unsteady bubble growth associated with a poroelastic relaxation process, while filling occurs collectively in all veins of the sample through a slower steady-state process driven by a combination of osmosis and capillarity. The dynamics can however be rendered symmetrical between filling and emptying if bubbles pre-exist during emptying, a case that we explore using cycling of the vapor pressure around equilibrium.
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How Solutes Modify the Thermodynamics and Dynamics of Filling and Emptying in Extreme Ink-Bottle Pores.
Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, 2019Co-Authors: Olivier Vincent, Jiamin Zhang, Eugene Choi, Siyu Zhu, Abraham StroockAbstract:We investigate the filling and emptying of extreme ink-bottle porous media—micrometer-scale pores connected by nanometer-scale pores—when changing the pressure of the external vapor, in a case where the pore liquid contains Solutes. These phenomena are relevant in diverse contexts, such as the weathering of building materials and artwork, aerosol formation in the atmosphere, and the hydration of soils and plants. Using model systems made of vein-shaped microcavities interconnected by a mesoporous matrix, we show experimentally that the presence of a Nonvolatile Solute shifts the condensation and evaporation transitions and in a way that is consistent with a modified Kelvin–Laplace equation that takes into account the osmotic pressure of the solution. Emptying occurs far below saturation, when the Kelvin stress, mediated by the large curvature of the liquid–vapor interfaces in the nanopores, is negative enough to induce spontaneous bubble nucleation in the microveins. Filling, on the other hand, occurs clo...
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How Solutes Modify the Thermodynamics and Dynamics of Filling and Emptying in Extreme Ink-Bottle Pores
2019Co-Authors: Olivier Vincent, Jiamin Zhang, Eugene Choi, Siyu Zhu, Abraham StroockAbstract:We investigate the filling and emptying of extreme ink-bottle porous mediamicrometer-scale pores connected by nanometer-scale poreswhen changing the pressure of the external vapor, in a case where the pore liquid contains Solutes. These phenomena are relevant in diverse contexts, such as the weathering of building materials and artwork, aerosol formation in the atmosphere, and the hydration of soils and plants. Using model systems made of vein-shaped microcavities interconnected by a mesoporous matrix, we show experimentally that the presence of a Nonvolatile Solute shifts the condensation and evaporation transitions and in a way that is consistent with a modified Kelvin–Laplace equation that takes into account the osmotic pressure of the solution. Emptying occurs far below saturation, when the Kelvin stress, mediated by the large curvature of the liquid–vapor interfaces in the nanopores, is negative enough to induce spontaneous bubble nucleation in the microveins. Filling, on the other hand, occurs close to equilibrium (i.e., at saturation, psat for pure water and ps < psat for a solution), driven by the weak capillary pressure of the liquid–vapor interface in the microveins. Interestingly, Solutes allow the system to reach situations where the vapor is supersaturated with respect to the solution (ps < p < psat). We show that in that latter situation, a condensation layer covers the outer surface of the porous system, preventing the generation of Kelvin stresses but inducing osmotic stresses and flows that are vapor pressure-dependent. The timescales and dynamics reflect these different driving forces: emptying proceeds through discrete, stochastic nucleation events with very fast, unsteady bubble growth associated with a poroelastic relaxation process, while filling occurs collectively in all veins of the sample through a slower steady-state process driven by a combination of osmosis and capillarity. The dynamics can however be rendered symmetrical between filling and emptying if bubbles pre-exist during emptying, a case that we explore using cycling of the vapor pressure around equilibrium
Olivier Vincent - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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How Solutes Modify the Thermodynamics and Dynamics of Filling and Emptying in Extreme Ink-Bottle Pores
Langmuir, 2019Co-Authors: Olivier Vincent, Jiamin Zhang, Eugene Choi, Siyu Zhu, Abraham StroockAbstract:We investigate the filling and emptying of extreme ink-bottle porous media—micrometer-scale pores connected by nanometer-scale pores—when changing the pressure of the external vapor, in a case where the pore liquid contains Solutes. These phenomena are relevant in diverse contexts, such as the weathering of building materials and artwork, aerosol formation in the atmosphere, and the hydration of soils and plants. Using model systems made of vein-shaped microcavities interconnected by a mesoporous matrix, we show experimentally that the presence of a Nonvolatile Solute shifts the condensation and evaporation transitions and in a way that is consistent with a modified Kelvin–Laplace equation that takes into account the osmotic pressure of the solution. Emptying occurs far below saturation, when the Kelvin stress, mediated by the large curvature of the liquid–vapor interfaces in the nanopores, is negative enough to induce spontaneous bubble nucleation in the microveins. Filling, on the other hand, occurs close to equilibrium (i.e., at saturation, psat for pure water and ps < psat for a solution), driven by the weak capillary pressure of the liquid–vapor interface in the microveins. Interestingly, Solutes allow the system to reach situations where the vapor is supersaturated with respect to the solution (ps < p < psat). We show that in that latter situation, a condensation layer covers the outer surface of the porous system, preventing the generation of Kelvin stresses but inducing osmotic stresses and flows that are vapor pressure-dependent. The timescales and dynamics reflect these different driving forces: emptying proceeds through discrete, stochastic nucleation events with very fast, unsteady bubble growth associated with a poroelastic relaxation process, while filling occurs collectively in all veins of the sample through a slower steady-state process driven by a combination of osmosis and capillarity. The dynamics can however be rendered symmetrical between filling and emptying if bubbles pre-exist during emptying, a case that we explore using cycling of the vapor pressure around equilibrium.
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How Solutes Modify the Thermodynamics and Dynamics of Filling and Emptying in Extreme Ink-Bottle Pores.
Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, 2019Co-Authors: Olivier Vincent, Jiamin Zhang, Eugene Choi, Siyu Zhu, Abraham StroockAbstract:We investigate the filling and emptying of extreme ink-bottle porous media—micrometer-scale pores connected by nanometer-scale pores—when changing the pressure of the external vapor, in a case where the pore liquid contains Solutes. These phenomena are relevant in diverse contexts, such as the weathering of building materials and artwork, aerosol formation in the atmosphere, and the hydration of soils and plants. Using model systems made of vein-shaped microcavities interconnected by a mesoporous matrix, we show experimentally that the presence of a Nonvolatile Solute shifts the condensation and evaporation transitions and in a way that is consistent with a modified Kelvin–Laplace equation that takes into account the osmotic pressure of the solution. Emptying occurs far below saturation, when the Kelvin stress, mediated by the large curvature of the liquid–vapor interfaces in the nanopores, is negative enough to induce spontaneous bubble nucleation in the microveins. Filling, on the other hand, occurs clo...
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How Solutes Modify the Thermodynamics and Dynamics of Filling and Emptying in Extreme Ink-Bottle Pores
2019Co-Authors: Olivier Vincent, Jiamin Zhang, Eugene Choi, Siyu Zhu, Abraham StroockAbstract:We investigate the filling and emptying of extreme ink-bottle porous mediamicrometer-scale pores connected by nanometer-scale poreswhen changing the pressure of the external vapor, in a case where the pore liquid contains Solutes. These phenomena are relevant in diverse contexts, such as the weathering of building materials and artwork, aerosol formation in the atmosphere, and the hydration of soils and plants. Using model systems made of vein-shaped microcavities interconnected by a mesoporous matrix, we show experimentally that the presence of a Nonvolatile Solute shifts the condensation and evaporation transitions and in a way that is consistent with a modified Kelvin–Laplace equation that takes into account the osmotic pressure of the solution. Emptying occurs far below saturation, when the Kelvin stress, mediated by the large curvature of the liquid–vapor interfaces in the nanopores, is negative enough to induce spontaneous bubble nucleation in the microveins. Filling, on the other hand, occurs close to equilibrium (i.e., at saturation, psat for pure water and ps < psat for a solution), driven by the weak capillary pressure of the liquid–vapor interface in the microveins. Interestingly, Solutes allow the system to reach situations where the vapor is supersaturated with respect to the solution (ps < p < psat). We show that in that latter situation, a condensation layer covers the outer surface of the porous system, preventing the generation of Kelvin stresses but inducing osmotic stresses and flows that are vapor pressure-dependent. The timescales and dynamics reflect these different driving forces: emptying proceeds through discrete, stochastic nucleation events with very fast, unsteady bubble growth associated with a poroelastic relaxation process, while filling occurs collectively in all veins of the sample through a slower steady-state process driven by a combination of osmosis and capillarity. The dynamics can however be rendered symmetrical between filling and emptying if bubbles pre-exist during emptying, a case that we explore using cycling of the vapor pressure around equilibrium
George R. Agnes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wall-less sample preparation of μm-sized sample spots for femtomole detection limits of proteins from liquid based UV-MALDI matrices
Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 2004Co-Authors: Michael J. Bogan, George R. AgnesAbstract:Previously, we introduced wall-less sample preparation (WaSP), technology that involves the use of an electrodynamic balance (EDB) to prepare μ m-sized sample spots for analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). In that work we demonstrated the detection of femtomole quantities of a low molecular weight peptide and a hydrophobic ester (both 2500 Da) analysis by UV-MALDI-TOF-MS (Sze et al.; J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1998 , 9 , 166–174). To aid the optimization of preparing μ m-sized sample spots by WaSP, optical microscopy and mass spectrometry were used to investigate Nonvolatile Solute concentration effects on droplet fission and sample spot size, modifications of the EDB electric field to control droplet ejection, and the use of multiple droplet deposition to increase sample loading. Also described is a rapid deposition mode of operation for WaSP that allows single droplets generated at 1 Hz to be levitated briefly (∼500 ms) before being ejected autonomously and deposited as a concentrated sample spot with a spatial accuracy of ±5 µ m. To test the sensitivity of the method, one hundred glycerol droplets (270 pL each, 27 nL total) each containing 32 amol lysozyme were deposited on top of each other one-at-a-time to create a single sample spot. Using a mass spectrometer equipped with delayed extraction to analyze this sample spot, we verified the hypothesis of Sze et al. by achieving detection limits three orders of magnitude below that previously observed for the detection of a protein by UV-MALDI-TOF-MS with a chemical-doped liquid matrix sample preparation.
