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Gabriel Gonzalez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tectonics of the jurassic early cretaceous magmatic arc of the north chilean coastal cordillera 22 26 s a story of crustal deformation along a convergent plate boundary
Tectonics, 1999Co-Authors: Ekkehard Scheuber, Gabriel GonzalezAbstract:The tectonic evolution of a continental magmatic arc that was active in the north Chilean Coastal Cordillera in Jurassic-Early Cretaceous times is described in order to show the relationship between arc deformation and plate convergence. During stage I (circa 195–155 Ma) a variety of structures formed at deep to shallow crustal levels, indicating sinistral arc-parallel strike-slip movements. From deep crustal levels a sequence of structures is described, starting with the formation of a broad belt of plutonic rocks which were sheared under granulite to amphibolite facies conditions (Bolfin Complex). The high-grade deformation was followed by the formation of two sets of conjugate greenschist facies shear zones showing strike-slip and thrust kinematics with a NW–SE directed maximum horizontal shortening, i.e., parallel to the probable Late Jurassic vector of plate convergence. A kinematic pattern compatible to this plate convergence is displayed by nonmetamorphic folds, thrusts, and high-angle Normal faults which formed during the same time interval as the discrete shear zones. During stage II (160–150 Ma), strong arc-Normal Extension is revealed by brittle low-angle Normal faults at shallow levels and some ductile Normal faults and the intrusion of extended plutons at deeper levels. During stage III (155–147 Ma), two reversals in the stress regime took place indicated by two generations of dikes, an older one trending NE–SW and a younger one trending NW–SE. Sinistral strike-slip movements also prevailed during stage IV (until ∼125 Ma) when the Atacama Fault Zone originated as a sinistral trench-linked strike-slip fault. The tectonic evolution of the magmatic arc is interpreted in terms of coupling and decoupling between the downgoing and overriding plates. The structures of stages I and IV suggest that stress transmission due to seismic coupling between the plates was probably responsible for these deformations. However, decoupling of the plates occurred possibly due to a decrease in convergence rate resulting in Extension and the reversals of stages II and III.
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tectonics of the jurassic early cretaceous magmatic arc of the north chilean coastal cordillera 22 26 s a story of crustal deformation along a convergent plate boundary
Tectonics, 1999Co-Authors: Ekkehard Scheuber, Gabriel GonzalezAbstract:The tectonic evolution of a continental magmatic arc that was active in the north Chilean Coastal Cordillera in Jurassic-Early Cretaceous times is described in order to show the relationship between arc deformation and plate convergence. During stage I (circa 195–155 Ma) a variety of structures formed at deep to shallow crustal levels, indicating sinistral arc-parallel strike-slip movements. From deep crustal levels a sequence of structures is described, starting with the formation of a broad belt of plutonic rocks which were sheared under granulite to amphibolite facies conditions (Bolfin Complex). The high-grade deformation was followed by the formation of two sets of conjugate greenschist facies shear zones showing strike-slip and thrust kinematics with a NW–SE directed maximum horizontal shortening, i.e., parallel to the probable Late Jurassic vector of plate convergence. A kinematic pattern compatible to this plate convergence is displayed by nonmetamorphic folds, thrusts, and high-angle Normal faults which formed during the same time interval as the discrete shear zones. During stage II (160–150 Ma), strong arc-Normal Extension is revealed by brittle low-angle Normal faults at shallow levels and some ductile Normal faults and the intrusion of extended plutons at deeper levels. During stage III (155–147 Ma), two reversals in the stress regime took place indicated by two generations of dikes, an older one trending NE–SW and a younger one trending NW–SE. Sinistral strike-slip movements also prevailed during stage IV (until ∼125 Ma) when the Atacama Fault Zone originated as a sinistral trench-linked strike-slip fault. The tectonic evolution of the magmatic arc is interpreted in terms of coupling and decoupling between the downgoing and overriding plates. The structures of stages I and IV suggest that stress transmission due to seismic coupling between the plates was probably responsible for these deformations. However, decoupling of the plates occurred possibly due to a decrease in convergence rate resulting in Extension and the reversals of stages II and III.
Ekkehard Scheuber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tectonics of the jurassic early cretaceous magmatic arc of the north chilean coastal cordillera 22 26 s a story of crustal deformation along a convergent plate boundary
Tectonics, 1999Co-Authors: Ekkehard Scheuber, Gabriel GonzalezAbstract:The tectonic evolution of a continental magmatic arc that was active in the north Chilean Coastal Cordillera in Jurassic-Early Cretaceous times is described in order to show the relationship between arc deformation and plate convergence. During stage I (circa 195–155 Ma) a variety of structures formed at deep to shallow crustal levels, indicating sinistral arc-parallel strike-slip movements. From deep crustal levels a sequence of structures is described, starting with the formation of a broad belt of plutonic rocks which were sheared under granulite to amphibolite facies conditions (Bolfin Complex). The high-grade deformation was followed by the formation of two sets of conjugate greenschist facies shear zones showing strike-slip and thrust kinematics with a NW–SE directed maximum horizontal shortening, i.e., parallel to the probable Late Jurassic vector of plate convergence. A kinematic pattern compatible to this plate convergence is displayed by nonmetamorphic folds, thrusts, and high-angle Normal faults which formed during the same time interval as the discrete shear zones. During stage II (160–150 Ma), strong arc-Normal Extension is revealed by brittle low-angle Normal faults at shallow levels and some ductile Normal faults and the intrusion of extended plutons at deeper levels. During stage III (155–147 Ma), two reversals in the stress regime took place indicated by two generations of dikes, an older one trending NE–SW and a younger one trending NW–SE. Sinistral strike-slip movements also prevailed during stage IV (until ∼125 Ma) when the Atacama Fault Zone originated as a sinistral trench-linked strike-slip fault. The tectonic evolution of the magmatic arc is interpreted in terms of coupling and decoupling between the downgoing and overriding plates. The structures of stages I and IV suggest that stress transmission due to seismic coupling between the plates was probably responsible for these deformations. However, decoupling of the plates occurred possibly due to a decrease in convergence rate resulting in Extension and the reversals of stages II and III.
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tectonics of the jurassic early cretaceous magmatic arc of the north chilean coastal cordillera 22 26 s a story of crustal deformation along a convergent plate boundary
Tectonics, 1999Co-Authors: Ekkehard Scheuber, Gabriel GonzalezAbstract:The tectonic evolution of a continental magmatic arc that was active in the north Chilean Coastal Cordillera in Jurassic-Early Cretaceous times is described in order to show the relationship between arc deformation and plate convergence. During stage I (circa 195–155 Ma) a variety of structures formed at deep to shallow crustal levels, indicating sinistral arc-parallel strike-slip movements. From deep crustal levels a sequence of structures is described, starting with the formation of a broad belt of plutonic rocks which were sheared under granulite to amphibolite facies conditions (Bolfin Complex). The high-grade deformation was followed by the formation of two sets of conjugate greenschist facies shear zones showing strike-slip and thrust kinematics with a NW–SE directed maximum horizontal shortening, i.e., parallel to the probable Late Jurassic vector of plate convergence. A kinematic pattern compatible to this plate convergence is displayed by nonmetamorphic folds, thrusts, and high-angle Normal faults which formed during the same time interval as the discrete shear zones. During stage II (160–150 Ma), strong arc-Normal Extension is revealed by brittle low-angle Normal faults at shallow levels and some ductile Normal faults and the intrusion of extended plutons at deeper levels. During stage III (155–147 Ma), two reversals in the stress regime took place indicated by two generations of dikes, an older one trending NE–SW and a younger one trending NW–SE. Sinistral strike-slip movements also prevailed during stage IV (until ∼125 Ma) when the Atacama Fault Zone originated as a sinistral trench-linked strike-slip fault. The tectonic evolution of the magmatic arc is interpreted in terms of coupling and decoupling between the downgoing and overriding plates. The structures of stages I and IV suggest that stress transmission due to seismic coupling between the plates was probably responsible for these deformations. However, decoupling of the plates occurred possibly due to a decrease in convergence rate resulting in Extension and the reversals of stages II and III.
Ahmad Oulmouden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a composite six bp in frame deletion in the melanocortin 1 receptor mc1r gene is associated with the japanese brindling coat colour in rabbits oryctolagus cuniculus
BMC Genetics, 2010Co-Authors: Luca Fontanesi, Emilio Scotti, Michela Colombo, Francesca Beretti, Lionel Forestier, S Dallolio, Severine Deretz, Vincenzo Russo, D Allain, Ahmad OulmoudenAbstract:In the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), classical genetic studies have identified five alleles at the Extension locus: E D (dominant black), E S (steel, weaker version of E D ), E (wild type, Normal Extension of black), e J (Japanese brindling, mosaic distribution of black and yellow) and e (non-Extension of black, yellow/red with white belly). Sequencing almost the complete coding sequence (CDS) of the rabbit MC1R gene, we recently identified two in-frame deletions associated with dominant black (c.280_285del6; alleles E D or E S ) and recessive red (c.304_333del30; allele e) coat colours. It remained to characterize the e J allele whose phenotypic effect is similar to the Orange and Sex-linked yellow loci of cat and Syrian hamster. We sequenced the whole CDS in 25 rabbits of different coat colours including 10 Japanese and 10 Rhinelander (tricolour) rabbits and identified another 6 bp-in frame deletion flanked by a G > A transition in 5' (c.[124G>A;125_130del6]) that was present in all animals with Japanese brindling coat colour and pattern. These mutations eliminate two amino acids in the first transmembrane domain and, in addition, cause an amino acid substitution at position 44 of the wild type sequence. Genotyping 371 rabbits of 31 breeds with different coat colour this allele (e J ) was present in homozygous state in Japanese, Rhinelander and Dutch tricolour rabbits only (except one albino rabbit). Rabbits with e J /e J genotype were non fixed at the non-agouti mutation we previously identified in the ASIP gene. Segregation in F1 and F2 families confirmed the order of dominance already determined by classical genetic experiments with a possible dose effect evident comparing e J /e J and e J /e animals. MC1R mRNA was expressed in black hair skin regions only. The c.[124A;125_130del6] allele may be responsible for a MC1R variant determining eumelanin production in the black areas. However, the mechanism determining the presence of both red and black hairs in the same animal seems more complex. Expression analyses of the c.[124A;125_130del6] allele suggest that MC1R transcription may be regulated epigenetically in rabbits with the Japanese brindling phenotype. Further studies are needed to clarify this issue.
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A composite six bp in-frame deletion in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene is associated with the japanese brindling coat colour in rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)
BMC Genetics, 2010Co-Authors: Luca Fontanesi, Emilio Scotti, Michela Colombo, Francesca Beretti, Lionel Forestier, Severine Deretz, Vincenzo Russo, D Allain, Stefania Dall'olio, Ahmad OulmoudenAbstract:Background: In the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), classical genetic studies have identified five alleles at the Extension locus: ED (dominant black), ES (steel, weaker version of ED), E (wild type, Normal Extension of black), eJ(Japanese brindling, mosaic distribution of black and yellow) and e (non-Extension of black, yellow/red with white belly). Sequencing almost the complete coding sequence (CDS) of the rabbit MC1R gene, we recently identified two in-frame deletions associated with dominant black (c.280_285del6; alleles ED or ES) and recessive red (c.304_333del30; allele e) coat colours. It remained to characterize the eJallele whose phenotypic effect is similar to the Orange and Sex-linked yellow loci of cat and Syrian hamster. [br/] Results: We sequenced the whole CDS in 25 rabbits of different coat colours including 10 Japanese and 10 Rhinelander (tricolour) rabbits and identified another 6 bp-in frame deletion flanked by a G > A transition in 5' (c.[124G>A;125_130del6]) that was present in all animals with Japanese brindling coat colour and pattern. These mutations eliminate two amino acids in the first transmembrane domain and, in addition, cause an amino acid substitution at position 44 of the wild type sequence. Genotyping 371 rabbits of 31 breeds with different coat colour this allele (eJ) was present in homozygous state in Japanese, Rhinelander and Dutch tricolour rabbits only (except one albino rabbit). Rabbits with eJ/eJ genotype were non fixed at the non-agouti mutation we previously identified in the ASIP gene. Segregation in F1 and F2 families confirmed the order of dominance already determined by classical genetic experiments with a possible dose effect evident comparing eJ/eJ and eJ/e animals. MC1R mRNA was expressed in black hair skin regions only. [br/] Conclusions: The c.[124A;125_130del6] allele may be responsible for a MC1R variant determining eumelanin production in the black areas. However, the mechanism determining the presence of both red and black hairs in the same animal seems more complex. Expression analyses of the c.[124A;125_130del6] allele suggest that MC1R transcription may be regulated epigenetically in rabbits with the Japanese brindling phenotype. Further studies are needed to clarify this issue.
Luca Fontanesi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a composite six bp in frame deletion in the melanocortin 1 receptor mc1r gene is associated with the japanese brindling coat colour in rabbits oryctolagus cuniculus
BMC Genetics, 2010Co-Authors: Luca Fontanesi, Emilio Scotti, Michela Colombo, Francesca Beretti, Lionel Forestier, S Dallolio, Severine Deretz, Vincenzo Russo, D Allain, Ahmad OulmoudenAbstract:In the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), classical genetic studies have identified five alleles at the Extension locus: E D (dominant black), E S (steel, weaker version of E D ), E (wild type, Normal Extension of black), e J (Japanese brindling, mosaic distribution of black and yellow) and e (non-Extension of black, yellow/red with white belly). Sequencing almost the complete coding sequence (CDS) of the rabbit MC1R gene, we recently identified two in-frame deletions associated with dominant black (c.280_285del6; alleles E D or E S ) and recessive red (c.304_333del30; allele e) coat colours. It remained to characterize the e J allele whose phenotypic effect is similar to the Orange and Sex-linked yellow loci of cat and Syrian hamster. We sequenced the whole CDS in 25 rabbits of different coat colours including 10 Japanese and 10 Rhinelander (tricolour) rabbits and identified another 6 bp-in frame deletion flanked by a G > A transition in 5' (c.[124G>A;125_130del6]) that was present in all animals with Japanese brindling coat colour and pattern. These mutations eliminate two amino acids in the first transmembrane domain and, in addition, cause an amino acid substitution at position 44 of the wild type sequence. Genotyping 371 rabbits of 31 breeds with different coat colour this allele (e J ) was present in homozygous state in Japanese, Rhinelander and Dutch tricolour rabbits only (except one albino rabbit). Rabbits with e J /e J genotype were non fixed at the non-agouti mutation we previously identified in the ASIP gene. Segregation in F1 and F2 families confirmed the order of dominance already determined by classical genetic experiments with a possible dose effect evident comparing e J /e J and e J /e animals. MC1R mRNA was expressed in black hair skin regions only. The c.[124A;125_130del6] allele may be responsible for a MC1R variant determining eumelanin production in the black areas. However, the mechanism determining the presence of both red and black hairs in the same animal seems more complex. Expression analyses of the c.[124A;125_130del6] allele suggest that MC1R transcription may be regulated epigenetically in rabbits with the Japanese brindling phenotype. Further studies are needed to clarify this issue.
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A composite six bp in-frame deletion in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene is associated with the japanese brindling coat colour in rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)
BMC Genetics, 2010Co-Authors: Luca Fontanesi, Emilio Scotti, Michela Colombo, Francesca Beretti, Lionel Forestier, Severine Deretz, Vincenzo Russo, D Allain, Stefania Dall'olio, Ahmad OulmoudenAbstract:Background: In the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), classical genetic studies have identified five alleles at the Extension locus: ED (dominant black), ES (steel, weaker version of ED), E (wild type, Normal Extension of black), eJ(Japanese brindling, mosaic distribution of black and yellow) and e (non-Extension of black, yellow/red with white belly). Sequencing almost the complete coding sequence (CDS) of the rabbit MC1R gene, we recently identified two in-frame deletions associated with dominant black (c.280_285del6; alleles ED or ES) and recessive red (c.304_333del30; allele e) coat colours. It remained to characterize the eJallele whose phenotypic effect is similar to the Orange and Sex-linked yellow loci of cat and Syrian hamster. [br/] Results: We sequenced the whole CDS in 25 rabbits of different coat colours including 10 Japanese and 10 Rhinelander (tricolour) rabbits and identified another 6 bp-in frame deletion flanked by a G > A transition in 5' (c.[124G>A;125_130del6]) that was present in all animals with Japanese brindling coat colour and pattern. These mutations eliminate two amino acids in the first transmembrane domain and, in addition, cause an amino acid substitution at position 44 of the wild type sequence. Genotyping 371 rabbits of 31 breeds with different coat colour this allele (eJ) was present in homozygous state in Japanese, Rhinelander and Dutch tricolour rabbits only (except one albino rabbit). Rabbits with eJ/eJ genotype were non fixed at the non-agouti mutation we previously identified in the ASIP gene. Segregation in F1 and F2 families confirmed the order of dominance already determined by classical genetic experiments with a possible dose effect evident comparing eJ/eJ and eJ/e animals. MC1R mRNA was expressed in black hair skin regions only. [br/] Conclusions: The c.[124A;125_130del6] allele may be responsible for a MC1R variant determining eumelanin production in the black areas. However, the mechanism determining the presence of both red and black hairs in the same animal seems more complex. Expression analyses of the c.[124A;125_130del6] allele suggest that MC1R transcription may be regulated epigenetically in rabbits with the Japanese brindling phenotype. Further studies are needed to clarify this issue.
Francesca Beretti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a composite six bp in frame deletion in the melanocortin 1 receptor mc1r gene is associated with the japanese brindling coat colour in rabbits oryctolagus cuniculus
BMC Genetics, 2010Co-Authors: Luca Fontanesi, Emilio Scotti, Michela Colombo, Francesca Beretti, Lionel Forestier, S Dallolio, Severine Deretz, Vincenzo Russo, D Allain, Ahmad OulmoudenAbstract:In the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), classical genetic studies have identified five alleles at the Extension locus: E D (dominant black), E S (steel, weaker version of E D ), E (wild type, Normal Extension of black), e J (Japanese brindling, mosaic distribution of black and yellow) and e (non-Extension of black, yellow/red with white belly). Sequencing almost the complete coding sequence (CDS) of the rabbit MC1R gene, we recently identified two in-frame deletions associated with dominant black (c.280_285del6; alleles E D or E S ) and recessive red (c.304_333del30; allele e) coat colours. It remained to characterize the e J allele whose phenotypic effect is similar to the Orange and Sex-linked yellow loci of cat and Syrian hamster. We sequenced the whole CDS in 25 rabbits of different coat colours including 10 Japanese and 10 Rhinelander (tricolour) rabbits and identified another 6 bp-in frame deletion flanked by a G > A transition in 5' (c.[124G>A;125_130del6]) that was present in all animals with Japanese brindling coat colour and pattern. These mutations eliminate two amino acids in the first transmembrane domain and, in addition, cause an amino acid substitution at position 44 of the wild type sequence. Genotyping 371 rabbits of 31 breeds with different coat colour this allele (e J ) was present in homozygous state in Japanese, Rhinelander and Dutch tricolour rabbits only (except one albino rabbit). Rabbits with e J /e J genotype were non fixed at the non-agouti mutation we previously identified in the ASIP gene. Segregation in F1 and F2 families confirmed the order of dominance already determined by classical genetic experiments with a possible dose effect evident comparing e J /e J and e J /e animals. MC1R mRNA was expressed in black hair skin regions only. The c.[124A;125_130del6] allele may be responsible for a MC1R variant determining eumelanin production in the black areas. However, the mechanism determining the presence of both red and black hairs in the same animal seems more complex. Expression analyses of the c.[124A;125_130del6] allele suggest that MC1R transcription may be regulated epigenetically in rabbits with the Japanese brindling phenotype. Further studies are needed to clarify this issue.
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A composite six bp in-frame deletion in the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene is associated with the japanese brindling coat colour in rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)
BMC Genetics, 2010Co-Authors: Luca Fontanesi, Emilio Scotti, Michela Colombo, Francesca Beretti, Lionel Forestier, Severine Deretz, Vincenzo Russo, D Allain, Stefania Dall'olio, Ahmad OulmoudenAbstract:Background: In the domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), classical genetic studies have identified five alleles at the Extension locus: ED (dominant black), ES (steel, weaker version of ED), E (wild type, Normal Extension of black), eJ(Japanese brindling, mosaic distribution of black and yellow) and e (non-Extension of black, yellow/red with white belly). Sequencing almost the complete coding sequence (CDS) of the rabbit MC1R gene, we recently identified two in-frame deletions associated with dominant black (c.280_285del6; alleles ED or ES) and recessive red (c.304_333del30; allele e) coat colours. It remained to characterize the eJallele whose phenotypic effect is similar to the Orange and Sex-linked yellow loci of cat and Syrian hamster. [br/] Results: We sequenced the whole CDS in 25 rabbits of different coat colours including 10 Japanese and 10 Rhinelander (tricolour) rabbits and identified another 6 bp-in frame deletion flanked by a G > A transition in 5' (c.[124G>A;125_130del6]) that was present in all animals with Japanese brindling coat colour and pattern. These mutations eliminate two amino acids in the first transmembrane domain and, in addition, cause an amino acid substitution at position 44 of the wild type sequence. Genotyping 371 rabbits of 31 breeds with different coat colour this allele (eJ) was present in homozygous state in Japanese, Rhinelander and Dutch tricolour rabbits only (except one albino rabbit). Rabbits with eJ/eJ genotype were non fixed at the non-agouti mutation we previously identified in the ASIP gene. Segregation in F1 and F2 families confirmed the order of dominance already determined by classical genetic experiments with a possible dose effect evident comparing eJ/eJ and eJ/e animals. MC1R mRNA was expressed in black hair skin regions only. [br/] Conclusions: The c.[124A;125_130del6] allele may be responsible for a MC1R variant determining eumelanin production in the black areas. However, the mechanism determining the presence of both red and black hairs in the same animal seems more complex. Expression analyses of the c.[124A;125_130del6] allele suggest that MC1R transcription may be regulated epigenetically in rabbits with the Japanese brindling phenotype. Further studies are needed to clarify this issue.
