The Experts below are selected from a list of 12489 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Daniel T Ingersoll - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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delibErately small reactors and the second Nuclear Era
Progress in Nuclear Energy, 2009Co-Authors: Daniel T IngersollAbstract:Abstract Smaller sized Nuclear reactors were instrumental during the pioneering days of commercial Nuclear power to facilitate the development and demonstration of early reactor technologies and to establish opErational experience for the fledgling Nuclear power industry. As the U.S. embarks on its “second Nuclear Era,” the question becomes: Will smaller sized plants have a significant role in meeting the nation's needs for electricity and other energy demands? A brief review of our Nuclear history is presented relative to plant size considErations, followed by a review of sevEral commonly cited benefits of small reactors. SevEral “delibErately small” designs currently being developed in the U.S. are briefly described, as well as some of the technical and institutional challenges faced by these designs. DelibErately small reactors offer substantial benefits in safety, security, opErational flexibilities and economics, and they are well positioned to figure prominently in the second Nuclear Era.
Lydia B. Zablotska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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30 years After the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident: Time for Reflection and Re-evaluation of Current Disaster Preparedness Plans
Journal of Urban Health, 2016Co-Authors: Lydia B. ZablotskaAbstract:It has been 30 years since the worst accident in the history of the Nuclear Era occurred at the Chernobyl power plant in Ukraine close to densely populated urban areas. To date, epidemiological studies reported increased long-term risks of leukemia, cardiovascular diseases, and cataracts among cleanup workers and of thyroid cancer and non-malignant diseases in those exposed as children and adolescents. Mental health effects were the most significant public health consequence of the accident in the three most contaminated countries of Ukraine, Belarus, and the Russian FedEration. Timely and clear communication with affected populations emerged as one of the main lessons in the aftermath of the Chernobyl Nuclear accident.
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30 years After the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident: Time for Reflection and Re-evaluation of Current Disaster Preparedness Plans.
Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Lydia B. ZablotskaAbstract:It has been 30 years since the worst accident in the history of the Nuclear Era occurred at the Chernobyl power plant in Ukraine close to densely populated urban areas. To date, epidemiological studies reported increased long-term risks of leukemia, cardiovascular diseases, and cataracts among cleanup workers and of thyroid cancer and non-malignant diseases in those exposed as children and adolescents. Mental health effects were the most significant public health consequence of the accident in the three most contaminated countries of Ukraine, Belarus, and the Russian FedEration. Timely and clear communication with affected populations emerged as one of the main lessons in the aftermath of the Chernobyl Nuclear accident.
Tao Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nuclear safety in the unexpected second Nuclear Era
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019Co-Authors: Z. Chen, Zhen Wang, Shanqi Chen, Chao Chen, Jiangtao Jia, Ming Jin, Tao ZhouAbstract:Nuclear energy development has entered an unexpected second Nuclear Era, which is mainly driven by developing countries. Despite major efforts to pursue a safe Nuclear energy system in the first Nuclear Era, severe Nuclear accidents occurred. A basic problem is that we do not have an adequate understanding of Nuclear safety. From the viewpoints of risk and the close coupling of technical and social factors, this paper reexamines the nature of Nuclear safety and reviews how previous experts understood it. We also highlight the new challenges that we are likely to confront in the unexpected second Nuclear Era and clarify some of the refinements that need to be made to the concept of Nuclear safety from a sociotechnical perspective. These include the following: 1) Risk decisions should be made based on integrating social and technical elements (i.e., “social rationality”); 2) risk needs to be controlled based on the “Wuli–Shili–Renli” framework; 3) systems thinking should be substituted for reductionism in risk assessment, and social mechanisms need to be combined to address uncertainties; and 4) public-centered risk communication should be established. This contribution can provide a theoretical foundation for improving our understanding of the nature of Nuclear safety and for transforming the concept of Nuclear safety in the unexpected second Nuclear Era.
Z. Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nuclear safety in the unexpected second Nuclear Era
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019Co-Authors: Z. Chen, Zhen Wang, Shanqi Chen, Chao Chen, Jiangtao Jia, Ming Jin, Tao ZhouAbstract:Nuclear energy development has entered an unexpected second Nuclear Era, which is mainly driven by developing countries. Despite major efforts to pursue a safe Nuclear energy system in the first Nuclear Era, severe Nuclear accidents occurred. A basic problem is that we do not have an adequate understanding of Nuclear safety. From the viewpoints of risk and the close coupling of technical and social factors, this paper reexamines the nature of Nuclear safety and reviews how previous experts understood it. We also highlight the new challenges that we are likely to confront in the unexpected second Nuclear Era and clarify some of the refinements that need to be made to the concept of Nuclear safety from a sociotechnical perspective. These include the following: 1) Risk decisions should be made based on integrating social and technical elements (i.e., “social rationality”); 2) risk needs to be controlled based on the “Wuli–Shili–Renli” framework; 3) systems thinking should be substituted for reductionism in risk assessment, and social mechanisms need to be combined to address uncertainties; and 4) public-centered risk communication should be established. This contribution can provide a theoretical foundation for improving our understanding of the nature of Nuclear safety and for transforming the concept of Nuclear safety in the unexpected second Nuclear Era.
Udo Fehn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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129I in Gulf of Mexico waters
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 1995Co-Authors: David R. Schink, Peter H. Santschi, O. Corapcioglu, Pankaj Sharma, Udo FehnAbstract:Abstract Nuclear weaponry and power genEration have released far more 129 I onto the Earth's surface than was formerly present. The effects of this release are clearly visible in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico, far from the major sources. New 129 I is found down to at least 500 m, and probably to 1000 m. Surface values are approximately 60 times the pre-Nuclear Era levels. The 129 I penetration depth of 470 m agrees well with that determined from bomb fallout isotopes 3 H and Δ 14 C during the 1970s and 1980s in the Gulf of Mexico and in the western North Atlantic at similar latitudes. The observed levels exceed amounts expected from globally distributed Nuclear test fallout. The observed surplus must come primarily from spent fuel reprocessing plants in the eastern North Atlantic, followed by rapid circulation of the North Atlantic gyre, and subsequent delivery into the Caribbean Sea and thence into the Gulf of Mexico. Airborne transport also appears significant.
