The Experts below are selected from a list of 159 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Marcel Franz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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colloquium majorana fermions in Nuclear Particle and solid state physics
Reviews of Modern Physics, 2015Co-Authors: S R Elliott, Marcel FranzAbstract:Ettore Majorana (1906--1938) disappeared while traveling by ship from Palermo to Naples in 1938. His fate has never been fully resolved and several articles have been written that explore the mystery itself. His demise intrigues us still today because of his seminal work, published the previous year, that established symmetric solutions to the Dirac equation that describe a fermionic Particle that is its own antiParticle. This work has long had a significant impact in neutrino physics, where this fundamental question regarding the Particle remains unanswered. But the formalism he developed has found many uses as there are now a number of candidate spin-$1/2$ neutral Particles that may be truly neutral with no quantum number to distinguish them from their antiParticles. If such Particles exist, they will influence many areas of Nuclear and Particle physics. Most notably the process of neutrinoless double beta decay can exist only if neutrinos are massive Majorana Particles. Hence, many efforts to search for this process are underway. Majorana's influence does not stop with Particle physics, however, even though that was his original consideration. The equations he derived also arise in solid-state physics where they describe electronic states in materials with superconducting order. Of special interest here is the class of solutions of the Majorana equation in one and two spatial dimensions at exactly zero energy. These Majorana zero modes are endowed with some remarkable physical properties that may lead to advances in quantum computing and, in fact, there is evidence that they have been experimentally observed. This Colloquium first summarizes the basics of Majorana's theory and its implications. It then provides an overview of the rich experimental programs trying to find a fermion that is its own antiParticle in Nuclear, Particle, and solid-state physics.
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colloquium majorana fermions in Nuclear Particle and solid state physics
Reviews of Modern Physics, 2015Co-Authors: S R Elliott, Marcel FranzAbstract:Ettore Majorana (1906-1938) disappeared while traveling by ship from Palermo to Naples in 1938. His fate has never been fully resolved and several articles have been written that explore the mystery itself. His demise intrigues us still today because of his seminal work, published the previous year, that established symmetric solutions to the Dirac equation that describe a fermionic Particle that is its own anti-Particle. This work has long had a significant impact in neutrino physics, where this fundamental question regarding the Particle remains unanswered. But the formalism he developed has found many uses as there are now a number of candidate spin-1/2 neutral Particles that may be truly neutral with no quantum number to distinguish them from their anti-Particles. If such Particles exist, they will influence many areas of Nuclear and Particle physics. Most notably the process of neutrinoless double beta decay can only exist if neutrinos are massive Majorana Particles. Hence, many efforts to search for this process are underway. Majorana's influence doesn't stop with Particle physics, however, even though that was his original consideration. The equations he derived also arise in solid state physics where they describe electronic states in materials with superconducting order. Of special interest here is the class of solutions of the Majorana equation in one and two spatial dimensions at exactly zero energy. These Majorana zero modes are endowed with some remarkable physical properties that may lead to advances in quantum computing and, in fact, there is evidence that they have been experimentally observed. This review first summarizes the basics of Majorana's theory and its implications. It then provides an overview of the rich experimental programs trying to find a fermion that is its own anti-Particle in Nuclear, Particle, and solid state physics.
Rusi P. Taleyarkhan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gamma-blind transformational Nuclear Particle sensors
2012 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security (HST), 2012Co-Authors: T.f. Grimes, Brian C. Archambault, Jeffrey A. Webster, A. Sansone, Rusi P. TaleyarkhanAbstract:Purdue University is developing novel, multi-purpose tension metastable fluid Nuclear Particle detectors (TMFDs) by which multiple types of Nuclear Particles can be detected with high (90%+) intrinsic efficiency, directional specificity, spectroscopic capability, rapid response, large standoff and significant cost-savings compared with state-of-the-art systems. This paper presents uses of these novel detector systems specifically for neutron detection in the presence of extreme gamma fields. Various experimental results are presented in order to illustrate the unique ability of the TMFDs to discriminate out photon flux in the presence of neutron or alpha sources. Finally, a theoretical analysis is performed building upon experimental data which estimates the ultimate limits for gamma rejection/discrimination ability to be ∼ 1023 γ/cc/s.
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Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detectors in Nuclear Security for Passively Monitoring of Special Nuclear Materials―Part A
World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Tom Grimes, Rusi P. TaleyarkhanAbstract:This paper (constituting Part A) describes the transformational Tensioned Metastable Fluid Detector (TMFD) based method for “passive” detection of Special Nuclear Materials (SNMs) as related to Nuclear security. Purdue University is developing novel, multi-purpose tension metastable fluid Nuclear Particle detectors by which multiple types of Nuclear Particles can be detected with high (90%+) intrinsic efficiency, spectroscopic capability, directional information, rapid response, large standoff and significant cost-savings compared with state-of-the-art systems. This paper focuses specifically on recent advances in the use of these novel detector systems for neutron spectroscopy. These techniques will then be discussed and evaluated in the context of area monitoring in waste processing applications with a focus on passive monitoring of radioactive source Particles from SNMs. The companion paper (Part B) addresses TMFD technology as it pertains to active interrogation
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Tension metastable fluid Nuclear Particle Detector—Qualification and comparisons
Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2009Co-Authors: J. Lapinskas, P. Smagacz, Y. Xu, Rusi P. TaleyarkhanAbstract:Abstract Fluids in states of tension metastability offer unique capabilities for detection of Nuclear emissions from fission and other Nuclear phenomena. This includes the ability to completely avoid photonic interference when detecting neutrons in addition to being able to detect neutrons over eight orders of magnitude with spectroscopic capabilities, and the ability to provide directionality information, all from the same instrument; altogether, representing an unsurpassed capability for next-generation application of multi-disciplinary technology for diverse fields of application. In this paper we present the underlying principles of detection using tension (negative, i.e., sub-zero) pressure fluid states at room temperature and present results of qualification of performance in terms of intrinsic efficiency of detection of neutrons from fission and fusion sources. It is found that, unlike present day systems where intrinsic efficiencies are limited to about 20% for fast neutrons, the tension metastable fluid detector (TMFD) systems offer intrinsic efficiencies of over 90% with the ability to readily scale-up in size for vastly improved effective detection.
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Tension Metastable Fluid Nuclear Particle Detector: Qualification and Comparisons
Volume 1: Plant Operations Maintenance Installations and Life Cycle; Component Reliability and Materials Issues; Advanced Applications of Nuclear Tech, 2008Co-Authors: J. Lapinskas, P. Smagacz, Y. Xu, Rusi P. TaleyarkhanAbstract:Fluids in states of tension metastability offer unique capabilities for detection of Nuclear emissions from fission and other Nuclear phenomena. This includes the ability to completely avoid photonic interference when detecting neutrons in addition to being able to detect neutrons over eight orders of magnitude with spectroscopic capabilities, and the ability to provide directionality information, all from the same instrument; altogether, representing an unsurpassed capability for next-generation application of multi-disciplinary technology for diverse fields of application. In this paper we present the underlying principles of detection using tension (negative, i.e., sub-zero) pressure fluid states at room temperature and present results of qualification of performance in terms of intrinsic efficiency of detection of neutrons from fission and fusion sources. It is found that, unlike present day systems where intrinsic efficiencies are limited to about 20% for fast neutrons, the tension metastabile fluid detector (TMFD) systems offer intrinsic efficiencies of over 90% with the ability to readily scale-up in size for vastly improved effective detection.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Al F. Zeller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reconstructive correction of aberrations in Nuclear Particle spectrographs
Physical Review C, 1993Co-Authors: Martin Berz, B.m. Sherrill, J.a. Nolen, Al F. ZellerAbstract:computation of the corrected data of interest such as reaction energy and scattering angle as well as the reconstructed trajectories in terms of position measurements in two planes near the focal plane. The technique is only limited by the accuracy of the position measurements, the incoherent spot sizes, and the accuracy of the transfer map. In practice the method can be expressed as an inversion of a nonlinear map and implemented in the differential algebraic framework. The method is applied to correct residual aberrations in the S800 spectrograph which is under construction at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University and to two other high resolution spectrographs.
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reconstructive correction of aberrations in Nuclear Particle spectrographs
Physical Review C, 1993Co-Authors: Martin Berz, B.m. Sherrill, J.a. Nolen, K Joh, Al F. ZellerAbstract:A method is presented that allows the reconstruction of trajectories in Particle spectrographs and the reconstructive correction of residual aberrations that otherwise limit the resolution. Using a computed or fitted high order transfer map that describes the uncorrected aberrations of the spectrograph, it is possible to calculate a map via an analytic recursion relation that allows the computation of the corrected data of interest such as reaction energy and scattering angle as well as the reconstructed trajectories in terms of position measurements in two planes near the focal plane. The technique is only limited by the accuracy of the position measurements, the incoherent spot sizes, and the accuracy of the transfer map. In practice the method can be expressed as an inversion of a nonlinear map and implemented in the differential algebraic framework. The method is applied to correct residual aberrations in the S800 spectrograph which is under construction at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University and to two other high resolution spectrographs.
S R Elliott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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colloquium majorana fermions in Nuclear Particle and solid state physics
Reviews of Modern Physics, 2015Co-Authors: S R Elliott, Marcel FranzAbstract:Ettore Majorana (1906--1938) disappeared while traveling by ship from Palermo to Naples in 1938. His fate has never been fully resolved and several articles have been written that explore the mystery itself. His demise intrigues us still today because of his seminal work, published the previous year, that established symmetric solutions to the Dirac equation that describe a fermionic Particle that is its own antiParticle. This work has long had a significant impact in neutrino physics, where this fundamental question regarding the Particle remains unanswered. But the formalism he developed has found many uses as there are now a number of candidate spin-$1/2$ neutral Particles that may be truly neutral with no quantum number to distinguish them from their antiParticles. If such Particles exist, they will influence many areas of Nuclear and Particle physics. Most notably the process of neutrinoless double beta decay can exist only if neutrinos are massive Majorana Particles. Hence, many efforts to search for this process are underway. Majorana's influence does not stop with Particle physics, however, even though that was his original consideration. The equations he derived also arise in solid-state physics where they describe electronic states in materials with superconducting order. Of special interest here is the class of solutions of the Majorana equation in one and two spatial dimensions at exactly zero energy. These Majorana zero modes are endowed with some remarkable physical properties that may lead to advances in quantum computing and, in fact, there is evidence that they have been experimentally observed. This Colloquium first summarizes the basics of Majorana's theory and its implications. It then provides an overview of the rich experimental programs trying to find a fermion that is its own antiParticle in Nuclear, Particle, and solid-state physics.
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colloquium majorana fermions in Nuclear Particle and solid state physics
Reviews of Modern Physics, 2015Co-Authors: S R Elliott, Marcel FranzAbstract:Ettore Majorana (1906-1938) disappeared while traveling by ship from Palermo to Naples in 1938. His fate has never been fully resolved and several articles have been written that explore the mystery itself. His demise intrigues us still today because of his seminal work, published the previous year, that established symmetric solutions to the Dirac equation that describe a fermionic Particle that is its own anti-Particle. This work has long had a significant impact in neutrino physics, where this fundamental question regarding the Particle remains unanswered. But the formalism he developed has found many uses as there are now a number of candidate spin-1/2 neutral Particles that may be truly neutral with no quantum number to distinguish them from their anti-Particles. If such Particles exist, they will influence many areas of Nuclear and Particle physics. Most notably the process of neutrinoless double beta decay can only exist if neutrinos are massive Majorana Particles. Hence, many efforts to search for this process are underway. Majorana's influence doesn't stop with Particle physics, however, even though that was his original consideration. The equations he derived also arise in solid state physics where they describe electronic states in materials with superconducting order. Of special interest here is the class of solutions of the Majorana equation in one and two spatial dimensions at exactly zero energy. These Majorana zero modes are endowed with some remarkable physical properties that may lead to advances in quantum computing and, in fact, there is evidence that they have been experimentally observed. This review first summarizes the basics of Majorana's theory and its implications. It then provides an overview of the rich experimental programs trying to find a fermion that is its own anti-Particle in Nuclear, Particle, and solid state physics.
Martin Berz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reconstructive correction of aberrations in Nuclear Particle spectrographs
Physical Review C, 1993Co-Authors: Martin Berz, B.m. Sherrill, J.a. Nolen, Al F. ZellerAbstract:computation of the corrected data of interest such as reaction energy and scattering angle as well as the reconstructed trajectories in terms of position measurements in two planes near the focal plane. The technique is only limited by the accuracy of the position measurements, the incoherent spot sizes, and the accuracy of the transfer map. In practice the method can be expressed as an inversion of a nonlinear map and implemented in the differential algebraic framework. The method is applied to correct residual aberrations in the S800 spectrograph which is under construction at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University and to two other high resolution spectrographs.
-
reconstructive correction of aberrations in Nuclear Particle spectrographs
Physical Review C, 1993Co-Authors: Martin Berz, B.m. Sherrill, J.a. Nolen, K Joh, Al F. ZellerAbstract:A method is presented that allows the reconstruction of trajectories in Particle spectrographs and the reconstructive correction of residual aberrations that otherwise limit the resolution. Using a computed or fitted high order transfer map that describes the uncorrected aberrations of the spectrograph, it is possible to calculate a map via an analytic recursion relation that allows the computation of the corrected data of interest such as reaction energy and scattering angle as well as the reconstructed trajectories in terms of position measurements in two planes near the focal plane. The technique is only limited by the accuracy of the position measurements, the incoherent spot sizes, and the accuracy of the transfer map. In practice the method can be expressed as an inversion of a nonlinear map and implemented in the differential algebraic framework. The method is applied to correct residual aberrations in the S800 spectrograph which is under construction at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University and to two other high resolution spectrographs.
