The Experts below are selected from a list of 13404 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Geoffrey R Howe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of the mortality experience amongst u s Nuclear Power Industry workers after chronic low dose exposure to ionizing radiation
Radiation Research, 2004Co-Authors: Geoffrey R Howe, Lydia B Zablotska, Jack J Fix, John N Egel, Jeffrey A BuchananAbstract:Abstract Howe, G. R., Zablotska, L. B., Fix, J. J., Egel, J. and Buchanan, J. Analysis of the Mortality Experience amongst U.S. Nuclear Power Industry Workers after Chronic Low-Dose Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. Radiat. Res. 162, 517–526 (2004). Workers employed in 15 utilities that generate Nuclear Power in the United States have been followed for up to 18 years between 1979 and 1997. Their cumulative dose from whole-body ionizing radiation has been determined from the dose records maintained by the facilities themselves and the REIRS and REMS systems maintained by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Department of Energy, respectively. Mortality in the cohort from a number of causes has been analyzed with respect to individual radiation doses. The cohort displays a very substantial healthy worker effect, i.e. considerably lower cancer and noncancer mortality than the general population. Based on 26 and 368 deaths, respectively, positive though statistically nonsignificant associations were seen f...
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analysis of mortality among canadian Nuclear Power Industry workers after chronic low dose exposure to ionizing radiation
Radiation Research, 2004Co-Authors: Lydia B Zablotska, Patrick J Ashmore, Geoffrey R HoweAbstract:Studies of radiation-associated risks among workers chronically exposed to low doses of radiation are important, both to estimate risks directly and to assess the adequacy of extrapolations of risk estimates from high-dose studies. This paper presents results based on a cohort of 45,468 Nuclear Power Industry workers from the Canadian National Dose Registry monitored for more than 1 year for chronic low-dose whole-body ionizing radiation exposures sometime between 1957 and 1994 (mean duration of monitoring = 7.4 years, mean cumulative equivalent dose = 13.5 mSv). The excess relative risks for leukemia [excluding chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)] and for all solid cancers were 52.5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.205, 291] and 2.80 (95% CI: -0.038, 7.13) per sievert, respectively, both associations having P values close to 0.05. Relative risks by dose categories increased monotonically for leukemia excluding CLL but were less consistent for all solid cancers combined. Although the point estimates are higher than those found in other studies of whole-body irradiation, the difference could well be due to chance. Further follow-up of this cohort or the combination of results from multiple worker studies will produce more stable estimates and thus complement the risk estimates from higher-dose studies.
Lydia B Zablotska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of the mortality experience amongst u s Nuclear Power Industry workers after chronic low dose exposure to ionizing radiation
Radiation Research, 2004Co-Authors: Geoffrey R Howe, Lydia B Zablotska, Jack J Fix, John N Egel, Jeffrey A BuchananAbstract:Abstract Howe, G. R., Zablotska, L. B., Fix, J. J., Egel, J. and Buchanan, J. Analysis of the Mortality Experience amongst U.S. Nuclear Power Industry Workers after Chronic Low-Dose Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. Radiat. Res. 162, 517–526 (2004). Workers employed in 15 utilities that generate Nuclear Power in the United States have been followed for up to 18 years between 1979 and 1997. Their cumulative dose from whole-body ionizing radiation has been determined from the dose records maintained by the facilities themselves and the REIRS and REMS systems maintained by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Department of Energy, respectively. Mortality in the cohort from a number of causes has been analyzed with respect to individual radiation doses. The cohort displays a very substantial healthy worker effect, i.e. considerably lower cancer and noncancer mortality than the general population. Based on 26 and 368 deaths, respectively, positive though statistically nonsignificant associations were seen f...
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analysis of mortality among canadian Nuclear Power Industry workers after chronic low dose exposure to ionizing radiation
Radiation Research, 2004Co-Authors: Lydia B Zablotska, Patrick J Ashmore, Geoffrey R HoweAbstract:Studies of radiation-associated risks among workers chronically exposed to low doses of radiation are important, both to estimate risks directly and to assess the adequacy of extrapolations of risk estimates from high-dose studies. This paper presents results based on a cohort of 45,468 Nuclear Power Industry workers from the Canadian National Dose Registry monitored for more than 1 year for chronic low-dose whole-body ionizing radiation exposures sometime between 1957 and 1994 (mean duration of monitoring = 7.4 years, mean cumulative equivalent dose = 13.5 mSv). The excess relative risks for leukemia [excluding chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)] and for all solid cancers were 52.5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.205, 291] and 2.80 (95% CI: -0.038, 7.13) per sievert, respectively, both associations having P values close to 0.05. Relative risks by dose categories increased monotonically for leukemia excluding CLL but were less consistent for all solid cancers combined. Although the point estimates are higher than those found in other studies of whole-body irradiation, the difference could well be due to chance. Further follow-up of this cohort or the combination of results from multiple worker studies will produce more stable estimates and thus complement the risk estimates from higher-dose studies.
Jeffrey A Buchanan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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analysis of the mortality experience amongst u s Nuclear Power Industry workers after chronic low dose exposure to ionizing radiation
Radiation Research, 2004Co-Authors: Geoffrey R Howe, Lydia B Zablotska, Jack J Fix, John N Egel, Jeffrey A BuchananAbstract:Abstract Howe, G. R., Zablotska, L. B., Fix, J. J., Egel, J. and Buchanan, J. Analysis of the Mortality Experience amongst U.S. Nuclear Power Industry Workers after Chronic Low-Dose Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. Radiat. Res. 162, 517–526 (2004). Workers employed in 15 utilities that generate Nuclear Power in the United States have been followed for up to 18 years between 1979 and 1997. Their cumulative dose from whole-body ionizing radiation has been determined from the dose records maintained by the facilities themselves and the REIRS and REMS systems maintained by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Department of Energy, respectively. Mortality in the cohort from a number of causes has been analyzed with respect to individual radiation doses. The cohort displays a very substantial healthy worker effect, i.e. considerably lower cancer and noncancer mortality than the general population. Based on 26 and 368 deaths, respectively, positive though statistically nonsignificant associations were seen f...
G E Apostolakis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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experience with probabilistic risk assessment in the Nuclear Power Industry
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 1992Co-Authors: G E ApostolakisAbstract:Abstract Risk has become an important public concern for both Nuclear and chemical industries over the years. In order to manage risk in a comprehensive and quantitative manner, the Nuclear Industry has developed the probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) approach over the past two decades. The chemical Industry, on the other hand, has just started its efforts toward the quantification of risk. This paper presents an overview of the experience learned from PRAs for Nuclear Power plants. It gives a brief historical perspective of the development of PRA in the Nuclear Industry and reviews the methodology used in most current PRAs. In addition to the discussion of lessons learned, this paper also discusses issues related to PRA methodology that are still under development. Finally, some comments are made on the possibility of use of PRA in the chemical Industry.
J Zamanali - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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probabilistic risk assessment applications in the Nuclear Power Industry
IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 1998Co-Authors: J ZamanaliAbstract:There has been a remarkable growth in the use of probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) methods in the US Nuclear Industry, both commercial and government. Use of PRA techniques has been expanded appreciably in the 1980s and 1990s as a result of the Individual Plant Examination (IPE) process. The IPE program calls for all existing Nuclear utilities to use PRA methods to seek out plant vulnerabilities, and for all new applications for commercial Nuclear Power licenses to include full-scope PRA for design certification under 10CFR part 52. Effort must be spent to improve the consistency of PRA models, applications, evaluation approaches and processes among the Nuclear utility Industry. Standards are needed to guarantee proper application of PRA methods in risk-based regulation (RBR) in order to establish and maintain consistency in PRA applications. One standard application method that fits every aspect of RBR is difficult if not impossible. However, some of the PRA tasks or processes can be effectively standardized, e.g., level of detail, bounding limits on the failure rates of human recovery actions, and ways and means of data analysis. This paper discusses some historical background about the application of the PRA and identifies: appropriate efforts that the Industry can spend to standardize the PRA applications in RBR; improvements in PRA techniques to achieve standardization; the benefits utilities would gain as a result of this harmony; and some of the limitations in areas which stubbornly resists standardization.
