The Experts below are selected from a list of 4191 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mark Lawrence - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comment on global risk of radioactive fallout after major Nuclear Reactor Accidents by lelieveld et al 2012
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2012Co-Authors: Jos Lelieveld, Mark Lawrence, Daniel KunkelAbstract:now at: Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V., Berliner Strase 130, 14467 Potsdam, GermanyCorrespondence to: J. Lelieveld (jos.lelieveld@mpic.de)Received: 26 June 2012 – Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 3 August 2012Revised: 14 October 2012 – Accepted: 21 November 2012 – Published: 3 January 2013In the above mentioned article we assessed the worldwiderisk of exposure to radioactivity due to the atmospheric dis-persion of gases and particles following severe Nuclear ac-cidents, using particulate
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global risk of radioactive fallout after major Nuclear Reactor Accidents
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2011Co-Authors: Jos Lelieveld, Daniel Kunkel, Mark LawrenceAbstract:Abstract. Major Reactor Accidents of Nuclear power plants are rare, yet the consequences are catastrophic. But what is meant by "rare"? And what can be learned from the Chernobyl and Fukushima incidents? Here we assess the cumulative, global risk of exposure to radioactivity due to atmospheric dispersion of gases and particles following severe Nuclear Accidents (the most severe ones on the International Nuclear Event Scale, INES 7), using particulate 137Cs and gaseous 131I as proxies for the fallout. Our results indicate that previously the occurrence of INES 7 major Accidents and the risks of radioactive contamination have been underestimated. Using a global model of the atmosphere we compute that on average, in the event of a major Reactor accident of any Nuclear power plant worldwide, more than 90% of emitted 137Cs would be transported beyond 50 km and about 50% beyond 1000 km distance before being deposited. This corroborates that such Accidents have large-scale and trans-boundary impacts. Although the emission strengths and atmospheric removal processes of 137Cs and 131I are quite different, the radioactive contamination patterns over land and the human exposure due to deposition are computed to be similar. High human exposure risks occur around Reactors in densely populated regions, notably in West Europe and South Asia, where a major Reactor accident can subject around 30 million people to radioactive contamination. The recent decision by Germany to phase out its Nuclear Reactors will reduce the national risk, though a large risk will still remain from the Reactors in neighbouring countries.
Jos Lelieveld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comment on global risk of radioactive fallout after major Nuclear Reactor Accidents by lelieveld et al 2012
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2012Co-Authors: Jos Lelieveld, Mark Lawrence, Daniel KunkelAbstract:now at: Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V., Berliner Strase 130, 14467 Potsdam, GermanyCorrespondence to: J. Lelieveld (jos.lelieveld@mpic.de)Received: 26 June 2012 – Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 3 August 2012Revised: 14 October 2012 – Accepted: 21 November 2012 – Published: 3 January 2013In the above mentioned article we assessed the worldwiderisk of exposure to radioactivity due to the atmospheric dis-persion of gases and particles following severe Nuclear ac-cidents, using particulate
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global risk of radioactive fallout after major Nuclear Reactor Accidents
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2011Co-Authors: Jos Lelieveld, Daniel Kunkel, Mark LawrenceAbstract:Abstract. Major Reactor Accidents of Nuclear power plants are rare, yet the consequences are catastrophic. But what is meant by "rare"? And what can be learned from the Chernobyl and Fukushima incidents? Here we assess the cumulative, global risk of exposure to radioactivity due to atmospheric dispersion of gases and particles following severe Nuclear Accidents (the most severe ones on the International Nuclear Event Scale, INES 7), using particulate 137Cs and gaseous 131I as proxies for the fallout. Our results indicate that previously the occurrence of INES 7 major Accidents and the risks of radioactive contamination have been underestimated. Using a global model of the atmosphere we compute that on average, in the event of a major Reactor accident of any Nuclear power plant worldwide, more than 90% of emitted 137Cs would be transported beyond 50 km and about 50% beyond 1000 km distance before being deposited. This corroborates that such Accidents have large-scale and trans-boundary impacts. Although the emission strengths and atmospheric removal processes of 137Cs and 131I are quite different, the radioactive contamination patterns over land and the human exposure due to deposition are computed to be similar. High human exposure risks occur around Reactors in densely populated regions, notably in West Europe and South Asia, where a major Reactor accident can subject around 30 million people to radioactive contamination. The recent decision by Germany to phase out its Nuclear Reactors will reduce the national risk, though a large risk will still remain from the Reactors in neighbouring countries.
Daniel Kunkel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comment on global risk of radioactive fallout after major Nuclear Reactor Accidents by lelieveld et al 2012
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2012Co-Authors: Jos Lelieveld, Mark Lawrence, Daniel KunkelAbstract:now at: Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies e.V., Berliner Strase 130, 14467 Potsdam, GermanyCorrespondence to: J. Lelieveld (jos.lelieveld@mpic.de)Received: 26 June 2012 – Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 3 August 2012Revised: 14 October 2012 – Accepted: 21 November 2012 – Published: 3 January 2013In the above mentioned article we assessed the worldwiderisk of exposure to radioactivity due to the atmospheric dis-persion of gases and particles following severe Nuclear ac-cidents, using particulate
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global risk of radioactive fallout after major Nuclear Reactor Accidents
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2011Co-Authors: Jos Lelieveld, Daniel Kunkel, Mark LawrenceAbstract:Abstract. Major Reactor Accidents of Nuclear power plants are rare, yet the consequences are catastrophic. But what is meant by "rare"? And what can be learned from the Chernobyl and Fukushima incidents? Here we assess the cumulative, global risk of exposure to radioactivity due to atmospheric dispersion of gases and particles following severe Nuclear Accidents (the most severe ones on the International Nuclear Event Scale, INES 7), using particulate 137Cs and gaseous 131I as proxies for the fallout. Our results indicate that previously the occurrence of INES 7 major Accidents and the risks of radioactive contamination have been underestimated. Using a global model of the atmosphere we compute that on average, in the event of a major Reactor accident of any Nuclear power plant worldwide, more than 90% of emitted 137Cs would be transported beyond 50 km and about 50% beyond 1000 km distance before being deposited. This corroborates that such Accidents have large-scale and trans-boundary impacts. Although the emission strengths and atmospheric removal processes of 137Cs and 131I are quite different, the radioactive contamination patterns over land and the human exposure due to deposition are computed to be similar. High human exposure risks occur around Reactors in densely populated regions, notably in West Europe and South Asia, where a major Reactor accident can subject around 30 million people to radioactive contamination. The recent decision by Germany to phase out its Nuclear Reactors will reduce the national risk, though a large risk will still remain from the Reactors in neighbouring countries.
Noboru Takamura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a review of the fukushima Nuclear Reactor accident radiation effects on the thyroid and strategies for prevention
Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity, 2014Co-Authors: Shigenobu Nagataki, Noboru TakamuraAbstract:Purpose of review This is a summary of the Nuclear accident at the Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Stations (FDNPS) on 11 March 2011 to be used as a review of the radiation effects to the thyroid and strategies of prevention. Recent findings The amount of radioiodine released to the environment following the Fukushima accident was 120 Peta Becquerel, which is approximately one-tenth of that in the Chernobyl accident. Residents near the FDNPS were evacuated within a few days and foodstuffs were controlled within 1 or 2 weeks. Therefore, thyroid radiation doses were less than 100 mSv (intervention levels for stable iodine administration) in the majority of children, including less than 1 year olds, living in the evacuation areas. Because the incidence of childhood thyroid cancer increased in those residing near the site following the Chernobyl accident, thyroid screening of all children (0-18 years old) in the Fukushima Prefecture was started. To date, screening of more than 280 000 children has resulted in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer in 90 children (approximate incidence, 313 per million). Thus, although the dose of radiation was much lower, the incidence of thyroid cancer appears to be much higher than that following the Chernobyl accident. Summary A comparison of the thyroidal consequences following the Fukushima and Chernobyl Nuclear Reactor Accidents is discussed. We also summarize the recent increased incidence in thyroid cancer in the Fukushima area following the accident in relation to increased thyroid ultrasound screening and the use of advanced ultrasound techniques. Video abstract http://links.lww.com/COE/A8.
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a review of the fukushima Nuclear Reactor accident radiation effects on the thyroid and strategies for prevention
Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity, 2014Co-Authors: Shigenobu Nagataki, Noboru TakamuraAbstract:Purpose of review This is a summary of the Nuclear accident at the Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Stations (FDNPS) on 11 March 2011 to be used as a review of the radiation effects to the thyroid and strategies of prevention. Recent findings The amount of radioiodine released to the environment following the Fukushima accident was 120 Peta Becquerel, which is approximately one-tenth of that in the Chernobyl accident. Residents near the FDNPS were evacuated within a few days and foodstuffs were controlled within 1 or 2 weeks. Therefore, thyroid radiation doses were less than 100 mSv (intervention levels for stable iodine administration) in the majority of children, including less than 1 year olds, living in the evacuation areas. Because the incidence of childhood thyroid cancer increased in those residing near the site following the Chernobyl accident, thyroid screening of all children (0-18 years old) in the Fukushima Prefecture was started. To date, screening of more than 280 000 children has resulted in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer in 90 children (approximate incidence, 313 per million). Thus, although the dose of radiation was much lower, the incidence of thyroid cancer appears to be much higher than that following the Chernobyl accident. Summary A comparison of the thyroidal consequences following the Fukushima and Chernobyl Nuclear Reactor Accidents is discussed. We also summarize the recent increased incidence in thyroid cancer in the Fukushima area following the accident in relation to increased thyroid ultrasound screening and the use of advanced ultrasound techniques.
Leonard Berlin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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shared decision making is it time to obtain informed consent before radiologic examinations utilizing ionizing radiation legal and ethical implications
Journal of The American College of Radiology, 2014Co-Authors: Leonard BerlinAbstract:Concerns about the possibility of developing cancer due to diagnostic imaging examinations utilizing ionizing radiation exposure are increasing. Research studies of survivors of atomic bomb explosions, Nuclear Reactor Accidents, and other unanticipated exposures to similar radiation have led to varying conclusions regarding the stochastic effects of radiation exposure. That high doses of ionizing radiation cause cancer in humans is generally accepted, but the question of whether diagnostic levels of radiation cause cancer continues to be hotly debated. It cannot be denied that overexposure to ionizing radiation beyond a certain threshold, which has not been exactly determined, does generate cancer. This causes a dilemma: what should patients be informed about the possibility that a CT or similar examination might cause cancer later in life? At present, there is no consensus in the radiology community as to whether informed consent must be obtained from a patient before the patient undergoes a CT or similar examination. The author analyzes whether there is a legal duty mandating radiologists to obtain such informed consent but also, irrespective of the law, whether there an ethical duty that compels radiologists to inform patients of potential adverse effects of ionizing radiation. Over the past decade, there has been a noticeable shift from a benevolent, paternalistic approach to medical care to an autonomy-based, shared-decision-making approach, whereby patient and physician work as partners in determining what is medically best for the patient. Radiologists should discuss the benefits and hazards of imaging with their patients.
