The Experts below are selected from a list of 96 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Alan Robock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nuclear nino response observed in simulations of Nuclear War scenarios
Communications Earth & Environment, 2021Co-Authors: Joshua Coupe, Alan Robock, Samantha Stevenson, Nicole S Lovenduski, Tyler Rohr, Cheryl S Harrison, Holly Olivarez, Charles G BardeenAbstract:The climate impacts of smoke from fires ignited by Nuclear War would include global cooling and crop failure. Facing increased reliance on ocean-based food sources, it is critical to understand the physical and biological state of the post-War oceans. Here we use an Earth system model to simulate six Nuclear War scenarios. We show that global cooling can generate a large, sustained response in the equatorial Pacific, resembling an El Nino but persisting for up to seven years. The El Nino following Nuclear War, or Nuclear Nino, would be characterized by westerly trade wind anomalies and a shutdown of equatorial Pacific upwelling, caused primarily by cooling of the Maritime Continent and tropical Africa. Reduced incident sunlight and ocean circulation changes would cause a 40% reduction in equatorial Pacific phytoplankton productivity. These results indicate Nuclear War could trigger extreme climate change and compromise food security beyond the impacts of crop failure. A Nuclear conflict could lead to global cooling followed by a large and sustained El Nino-like response in the tropical Pacific region, according to an evaluation of six scenarios for Nuclear conflict with an Earth system model.
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decadal reduction of chinese agriculture after a regional Nuclear War
Earth’s Future, 2015Co-Authors: Lili Xia, Alan Robock, Michael J Mills, Andrea Stenke, Ira HelfandAbstract:A regional Nuclear War between India and Pakistan could decrease global surface temperature by 1°C–2°C for 5–10 years and have major impacts on precipitation and solar radiation reaching Earth's surface. Using a crop simulation model forced by three global climate model simulations, we investigate the impacts on agricultural production in China, the largest grain producer in the world. In the first year after the regional Nuclear War, a cooler, drier, and darker environment would reduce annual rice production by 30 megaton (Mt) (29%), maize production by 36 Mt (20%), and wheat production by 23 Mt (53%). With different agriculture management—no irrigation, auto irrigation, 200 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer, and 10 days delayed planting date—simulated national crop production reduces 16%–26% for rice, 9%–20% for maize, and 32%–43% for wheat during 5 years after the Nuclear War event. This reduction of food availability would continue, with gradually decreasing amplitude, for more than a decade. Assuming these impacts are indicative of those in other major grain producers, a Nuclear War using much less than 1% of the current global arsenal could produce a global food crisis and put a billion people at risk of famine.
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Impacts of a Nuclear War in South Asia on rice production in Mainland China
Climatic Change, 2012Co-Authors: Lili Xia, Alan RobockAbstract:A regional Nuclear War between India and Pakistan with a 5 Tg black carbon injection into the upper troposphere would produce significant climate changes for a decade, including cooling, reduction of solar radiation, and reduction of precipitation, which are all important factors controlling agricultural productivity. We used the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer agricultural simulation model to simulate regional Nuclear War impacts on rice yield in 24 provinces in China. We first evaluated the model by forcing it with daily weather data and management practices for the period 1980–2008 for 24 provinces in China, and compared the results to observations of rice yields in China. Then we perturbed observed weather data using climate anomalies for a 10-year period from a Nuclear War simulation. We perturbed each year of the 30-year climate record with anomalies from each year of the 10-year Nuclear War simulations for different regions in China. We found that rice production would decline by an average of 21 % for the first 4 years after soot injection, and would slowly recover in the following years. For the next 6 years, the reduction in rice production was about 10 %. Different regions responded differently to climate changes from Nuclear War. Rice production in northern China was damaged severely, while regions along the south and east coasts showed a positive response to regional Nuclear War. Although we might try to adapt to a perturbed climate by enhancing rice planting activity in southern and eastern China or increasing fertilizer usage, both methods have severe limitations. The best solution to avoid Nuclear War impacts on agriculture is to avoid Nuclear War, and this can only be guaranteed with a Nuclear-weapon-free world.
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Local Nuclear War, global suffering.
Scientific American, 2010Co-Authors: Alan Robock, Owen B. ToonAbstract:The article discusses what would happen if a regional Nuclear War between India and Pakistan began. According to simulation models, a Nuclear War would cause massive amounts of smoke to enter the Earth’s upper atmosphere, blotting out the sun, and causing global cooling. Topics include the environmental impact of such a scenario including agricultural collapse and mass starvation. INSETS: INDIA VS. PAKISTAN;HUMAN TOLL;WHY BELIEVE IT;Agriculture Collapses
Yang Jingchun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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China’s Measures to Prevent Nuclear War in the Past and Future
Journal of China University of Petroleum, 2011Co-Authors: Yang JingchunAbstract:Nearly suffered from Nuclear attacks for many a time,China,as a result,has a heartquake history of prevention from a Nuclear War.Measures to prevent Nuclear War in China are: no fear,fighting no battle unprepared,and trying to develop Nuclear weapons.Many factors lead to Nuclear War in today’s world,but with the human progress and civilization enhanced,Nuclear War can be avoided.To prevent the occurrence of Nuclear War radically should depend on the wisdom of leaders of every country and open-minded politics.
Kip V. Hodges - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Consequences of Nuclear War
Science, 2019Co-Authors: Kip V. HodgesAbstract:Atmospheric Science The likely catastrophic environmental effects of global Nuclear War are well-described in the scientific literature, but the effects of a more limited, regional Nuclear War are also staggering. Toon et al. combined a realistic War scenario involving the neighboring, Nuclear-capable nations of India and Pakistan with established climate models to explore plausible global effects of such conflict. These models suggest that, in addition to human casualties, an India-Pakistan Nuclear War would start fires releasing tens of trillions of grams of black carbon into the stratosphere. Distributed globally, this soot would limit the amount of sunlight that reaches Earth's surface, drastically reducing surface temperatures and thus potentially limiting food supplies globally for more than a decade. Sci. Adv. 10.1126/sciadv.aay5478 (2019).
Ligaya P. Paguio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Children's and Adolescents' Response to the Prospect of Nuclear War: A Review
International Journal of Behavioral Development, 1994Co-Authors: Brenda J. Boyd, Charlotte Wallinga, Patsy Skeen, Ligaya P. PaguioAbstract:A review of research examining the response of children and adolescents to the potential of Nuclear War is presented. The dearth of research studying young children is discussed and the large body of research focusing on adolescents is reviewed, utilising the following major categories: (a) the early studies of the response to Nuclear War; (b) knowledge of Nuclear developments; (c) effect of knowledge on fear about Nuclear War; (d) fears/worries about the threat of Nuclear War; and (e) the effect of fear about Nuclear War. Finally, the few studies which have examined the response to the threat of Nuclear War within the family context are reviewed. In the final section of the paper, a critique of the existing research is presented, and recommendations for future research are offered, including methodological concerns and a theoretical approach to understanding the response to the threat of Nuclear War. Language: en
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Reviews of Research: Children and Nuclear War
Childhood Education, 1991Co-Authors: Steven B. Silvern, Charlotte Wallinga, Brenda J. Boyd, Patsy Skeen, Ligaya P. PaguioAbstract:Abstract Even though we may be on the edge of a new world order, the recent crisis in the Persian Gulf makes it imminently clear that we are continually on the edge of Nuclear War. The following review provides information on children's knowledge, feelings and fears about Nuclear War. Implications for teachers to help address children's concerns are also discussed.—S.B.S.
Jouko Lönnqvist - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Threat of Nuclear War related to increased anxiety and psychosomatic symptoms among adolescents.
European child & adolescent psychiatry, 1994Co-Authors: Kari Poikolainen, Riitta Kanerva, Jouko LönnqvistAbstract:Evidence on the relation between the threat of Nuclear War and mental health among adolescents is conflicting. We studied 1493 adolescents in the 10th to 12th grades in school, who completed self-administered questionnaires 1–43 days before the Persian Gulf War broke out. Regression analyses controlled for several potential confounders. After this, the frequency of thinking about Nuclear War and the frequency of fearing Nuclear War were positively related to perceived present state anxiety among both boys and girls. Among boys, both thinking and fearing were positively related to the psychosomatic symptom score. Among girls, estimates on deaths due to Nuclear War associated significantly with psychosomatic symptoms. Long-term effects of the threat of Nuclear War on mental health of adolescents merit further study.
