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Matthias Egger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cosmos e guidance on conducting systematic reviews and meta analyses of Observational Studies of etiology
PLOS Medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Douglas G Altman, Olaf M Dekkers, J P Vandenbroucke, Myriam Cevallos, Andrew G Renehan, Matthias EggerAbstract:Background To our knowledge, no publication providing overarching guidance on the conduct of systematic reviews of Observational Studies of etiology exists. Methods and findings Conducting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies of Etiology (COSMOS-E) provides guidance on all steps in systematic reviews of Observational Studies of etiology, from shaping the research question, defining exposure and outcomes, to assessing the risk of bias and statistical analysis. The writing group included researchers experienced in meta-analyses and Observational Studies of etiology. Standard peer-review was performed. While the structure of systematic reviews of Observational Studies on etiology may be similar to that for systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials, there are specific tasks within each component that differ. Examples include assessment for confounding, selection bias, and information bias. In systematic reviews of Observational Studies of etiology, combining Studies in meta-analysis may lead to more precise estimates, but such greater precision does not automatically remedy potential bias. Thorough exploration of sources of heterogeneity is key when assessing the validity of estimates and causality. Conclusion As many reviews of Observational Studies on etiology are being performed, this document may provide researchers with guidance on how to conduct and analyse such reviews.
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guidelinethe strengthening the reporting of Observational Studies in epidemiology strobe statement guidelines for reporting Observational Studies
International Journal of Surgery, 2014Co-Authors: Erik Von Elm, Peter C Gøtzsche, Stuart J Pocock, Douglas G Altman, Matthias Egger, J P VandenbrouckeAbstract:Much biomedical research is Observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an Observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional Studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. 18 items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case–control, or cross-sectional Studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of Observational Studies.
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The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting Observational Studies.
International journal of surgery (London England), 2014Co-Authors: Douglas G Altman, Peter C Gøtzsche, Stuart J Pocock, Matthias Egger, Jan P VandenbrouckeAbstract:Much biomedical research is Observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an Observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional Studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. 18 items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional Studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of Observational Studies.
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Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and elaboration
International Journal of Surgery, 2014Co-Authors: Jan P Vandenbroucke, Erik Von Elm, James J. Schlesselman, Peter C Gøtzsche, Cynthia D. Mulrow, Stuart J Pocock, Douglas G Altman, Charles Poole, Matthias Egger, Maria BlettnerAbstract:Much medical research is Observational. The reporting of Observational Studies is often of insufficient quality. Poor reporting hampers the assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a study and the generalisability of its results. Taking into account empirical evidence and theoretical considerations, a group of methodologists, researchers, and editors developed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) recommendations to improve the quality of reporting of Observational Studies. The STROBE Statement consists of a checklist of 22 items, which relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results and discussion sections of articles. Eighteen items are common to cohort Studies, case-control Studies and cross-sectional Studies and four are specific to each of the three study designs. The STROBE Statement provides guidance to authors about how to improve the reporting of Observational Studies and facilitates critical appraisal and interpretation of Studies by reviewers, journal editors and readers. This explanatory and elaboration document is intended to enhance the use, understanding, and dissemination of the STROBE Statement. The meaning and rationale for each checklist item are presented. For each item, one or several published examples and, where possible, references to relevant empirical Studies and methodological literature are provided. Examples of useful flow diagrams are also included. The STROBE Statement, this document, and the associated Web site (http://www.strobe-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of Observational research.
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The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies
Epidemiology, 2007Co-Authors: Douglas G Altman, Peter C Gøtzsche, Stuart J Pocock, Matthias Egger, Jan P VandenbrouckeAbstract:Abstract:Much biomedical research is Observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalizability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative develop
Jan P Vandenbroucke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting Observational Studies.
International journal of surgery (London England), 2014Co-Authors: Douglas G Altman, Peter C Gøtzsche, Stuart J Pocock, Matthias Egger, Jan P VandenbrouckeAbstract:Much biomedical research is Observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an Observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional Studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. 18 items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional Studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of Observational Studies.
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Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and elaboration
International Journal of Surgery, 2014Co-Authors: Jan P Vandenbroucke, Erik Von Elm, James J. Schlesselman, Peter C Gøtzsche, Cynthia D. Mulrow, Stuart J Pocock, Douglas G Altman, Charles Poole, Matthias Egger, Maria BlettnerAbstract:Much medical research is Observational. The reporting of Observational Studies is often of insufficient quality. Poor reporting hampers the assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a study and the generalisability of its results. Taking into account empirical evidence and theoretical considerations, a group of methodologists, researchers, and editors developed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) recommendations to improve the quality of reporting of Observational Studies. The STROBE Statement consists of a checklist of 22 items, which relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results and discussion sections of articles. Eighteen items are common to cohort Studies, case-control Studies and cross-sectional Studies and four are specific to each of the three study designs. The STROBE Statement provides guidance to authors about how to improve the reporting of Observational Studies and facilitates critical appraisal and interpretation of Studies by reviewers, journal editors and readers. This explanatory and elaboration document is intended to enhance the use, understanding, and dissemination of the STROBE Statement. The meaning and rationale for each checklist item are presented. For each item, one or several published examples and, where possible, references to relevant empirical Studies and methodological literature are provided. Examples of useful flow diagrams are also included. The STROBE Statement, this document, and the associated Web site (http://www.strobe-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of Observational research.
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The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies
Epidemiology, 2007Co-Authors: Douglas G Altman, Peter C Gøtzsche, Stuart J Pocock, Matthias Egger, Jan P VandenbrouckeAbstract:Abstract:Much biomedical research is Observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalizability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative develop
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The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting Observational Studies.
Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 2007Co-Authors: Douglas G Altman, Peter C Gøtzsche, Stuart J Pocock, Matthias Egger, Jan P VandenbrouckeAbstract:Much biomedical research is Observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study’s generalizability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an Observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case-control and cross-sectional Studies. We convened a two-day workshop, in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results and discussion sections of articles. Eighteen items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional Studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the web sites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of Observational Studies.
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Strengthening the reporting of Observational Studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting Observational Studies
BMJ, 2007Co-Authors: Erik Von Elm, Peter C Gøtzsche, Stuart J Pocock, Douglas G Altman, Matthias Egger, Jan P VandenbrouckeAbstract:Poor reporting of research hampers assessment and makes it less useful. An international group of methodologists, researchers, and journal editors sets out guidelines to improve reports of Observational Studies
Douglas G Altman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cosmos e guidance on conducting systematic reviews and meta analyses of Observational Studies of etiology
PLOS Medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Douglas G Altman, Olaf M Dekkers, J P Vandenbroucke, Myriam Cevallos, Andrew G Renehan, Matthias EggerAbstract:Background To our knowledge, no publication providing overarching guidance on the conduct of systematic reviews of Observational Studies of etiology exists. Methods and findings Conducting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies of Etiology (COSMOS-E) provides guidance on all steps in systematic reviews of Observational Studies of etiology, from shaping the research question, defining exposure and outcomes, to assessing the risk of bias and statistical analysis. The writing group included researchers experienced in meta-analyses and Observational Studies of etiology. Standard peer-review was performed. While the structure of systematic reviews of Observational Studies on etiology may be similar to that for systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials, there are specific tasks within each component that differ. Examples include assessment for confounding, selection bias, and information bias. In systematic reviews of Observational Studies of etiology, combining Studies in meta-analysis may lead to more precise estimates, but such greater precision does not automatically remedy potential bias. Thorough exploration of sources of heterogeneity is key when assessing the validity of estimates and causality. Conclusion As many reviews of Observational Studies on etiology are being performed, this document may provide researchers with guidance on how to conduct and analyse such reviews.
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guidelinethe strengthening the reporting of Observational Studies in epidemiology strobe statement guidelines for reporting Observational Studies
International Journal of Surgery, 2014Co-Authors: Erik Von Elm, Peter C Gøtzsche, Stuart J Pocock, Douglas G Altman, Matthias Egger, J P VandenbrouckeAbstract:Much biomedical research is Observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an Observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional Studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. 18 items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case–control, or cross-sectional Studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of Observational Studies.
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The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting Observational Studies.
International journal of surgery (London England), 2014Co-Authors: Douglas G Altman, Peter C Gøtzsche, Stuart J Pocock, Matthias Egger, Jan P VandenbrouckeAbstract:Much biomedical research is Observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an Observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional Studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. 18 items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional Studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of Observational Studies.
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Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and elaboration
International Journal of Surgery, 2014Co-Authors: Jan P Vandenbroucke, Erik Von Elm, James J. Schlesselman, Peter C Gøtzsche, Cynthia D. Mulrow, Stuart J Pocock, Douglas G Altman, Charles Poole, Matthias Egger, Maria BlettnerAbstract:Much medical research is Observational. The reporting of Observational Studies is often of insufficient quality. Poor reporting hampers the assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a study and the generalisability of its results. Taking into account empirical evidence and theoretical considerations, a group of methodologists, researchers, and editors developed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) recommendations to improve the quality of reporting of Observational Studies. The STROBE Statement consists of a checklist of 22 items, which relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results and discussion sections of articles. Eighteen items are common to cohort Studies, case-control Studies and cross-sectional Studies and four are specific to each of the three study designs. The STROBE Statement provides guidance to authors about how to improve the reporting of Observational Studies and facilitates critical appraisal and interpretation of Studies by reviewers, journal editors and readers. This explanatory and elaboration document is intended to enhance the use, understanding, and dissemination of the STROBE Statement. The meaning and rationale for each checklist item are presented. For each item, one or several published examples and, where possible, references to relevant empirical Studies and methodological literature are provided. Examples of useful flow diagrams are also included. The STROBE Statement, this document, and the associated Web site (http://www.strobe-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of Observational research.
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The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies
Epidemiology, 2007Co-Authors: Douglas G Altman, Peter C Gøtzsche, Stuart J Pocock, Matthias Egger, Jan P VandenbrouckeAbstract:Abstract:Much biomedical research is Observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalizability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative develop
J P Vandenbroucke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cosmos e guidance on conducting systematic reviews and meta analyses of Observational Studies of etiology
PLOS Medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Douglas G Altman, Olaf M Dekkers, J P Vandenbroucke, Myriam Cevallos, Andrew G Renehan, Matthias EggerAbstract:Background To our knowledge, no publication providing overarching guidance on the conduct of systematic reviews of Observational Studies of etiology exists. Methods and findings Conducting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies of Etiology (COSMOS-E) provides guidance on all steps in systematic reviews of Observational Studies of etiology, from shaping the research question, defining exposure and outcomes, to assessing the risk of bias and statistical analysis. The writing group included researchers experienced in meta-analyses and Observational Studies of etiology. Standard peer-review was performed. While the structure of systematic reviews of Observational Studies on etiology may be similar to that for systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials, there are specific tasks within each component that differ. Examples include assessment for confounding, selection bias, and information bias. In systematic reviews of Observational Studies of etiology, combining Studies in meta-analysis may lead to more precise estimates, but such greater precision does not automatically remedy potential bias. Thorough exploration of sources of heterogeneity is key when assessing the validity of estimates and causality. Conclusion As many reviews of Observational Studies on etiology are being performed, this document may provide researchers with guidance on how to conduct and analyse such reviews.
-
guidelinethe strengthening the reporting of Observational Studies in epidemiology strobe statement guidelines for reporting Observational Studies
International Journal of Surgery, 2014Co-Authors: Erik Von Elm, Peter C Gøtzsche, Stuart J Pocock, Douglas G Altman, Matthias Egger, J P VandenbrouckeAbstract:Much biomedical research is Observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an Observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional Studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. 18 items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case–control, or cross-sectional Studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of Observational Studies.
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strengthening the reporting of Observational Studies in epidemiology strobe explanation and elaboration
Annals of Internal Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: J P Vandenbroucke, Erik Von Elm, James J. Schlesselman, Peter C Gøtzsche, Cynthia D. Mulrow, Stuart J Pocock, Douglas G Altman, Charles Poole, Matthias EggerAbstract:Much medical research is Observational. The reporting of Observational Studies is often of insufficient quality. Poor reporting hampers the assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a study and the generalizability of its results. Taking into account empirical evidence and theoretical considerations, a group of methodologists, researchers, and editors developed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) recommendations to improve the quality of reporting of Observational Studies. The STROBE Statement consists of a checklist of 22 items, which relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. Eighteen items are common to cohort Studies, case-control Studies, and cross-sectional Studies, and 4 are specific to each of the 3 study designs. The STROBE Statement provides guidance to authors about how to improve the reporting of Observational Studies and facilitates critical appraisal and interpretation of Studies by reviewers, journal editors, and readers. This explanatory and elaboration document is intended to enhance the use, understanding, and dissemination of the STROBE Statement. The meaning and rationale for each checklist item are presented. For each item, 1 or several published examples and, where possible, references to relevant empirical Studies and methodological literature are provided. Examples of useful flow diagrams are also included. The STROBE Statement, this document, and the associated Web site (www.strobe-statement.org) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of Observational research.
Peter C Gøtzsche - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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guidelinethe strengthening the reporting of Observational Studies in epidemiology strobe statement guidelines for reporting Observational Studies
International Journal of Surgery, 2014Co-Authors: Erik Von Elm, Peter C Gøtzsche, Stuart J Pocock, Douglas G Altman, Matthias Egger, J P VandenbrouckeAbstract:Much biomedical research is Observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an Observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional Studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. 18 items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case–control, or cross-sectional Studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of Observational Studies.
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The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting Observational Studies.
International journal of surgery (London England), 2014Co-Authors: Douglas G Altman, Peter C Gøtzsche, Stuart J Pocock, Matthias Egger, Jan P VandenbrouckeAbstract:Much biomedical research is Observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an Observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional Studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. 18 items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional Studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the Web sites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of Observational Studies.
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Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and elaboration
International Journal of Surgery, 2014Co-Authors: Jan P Vandenbroucke, Erik Von Elm, James J. Schlesselman, Peter C Gøtzsche, Cynthia D. Mulrow, Stuart J Pocock, Douglas G Altman, Charles Poole, Matthias Egger, Maria BlettnerAbstract:Much medical research is Observational. The reporting of Observational Studies is often of insufficient quality. Poor reporting hampers the assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a study and the generalisability of its results. Taking into account empirical evidence and theoretical considerations, a group of methodologists, researchers, and editors developed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) recommendations to improve the quality of reporting of Observational Studies. The STROBE Statement consists of a checklist of 22 items, which relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results and discussion sections of articles. Eighteen items are common to cohort Studies, case-control Studies and cross-sectional Studies and four are specific to each of the three study designs. The STROBE Statement provides guidance to authors about how to improve the reporting of Observational Studies and facilitates critical appraisal and interpretation of Studies by reviewers, journal editors and readers. This explanatory and elaboration document is intended to enhance the use, understanding, and dissemination of the STROBE Statement. The meaning and rationale for each checklist item are presented. For each item, one or several published examples and, where possible, references to relevant empirical Studies and methodological literature are provided. Examples of useful flow diagrams are also included. The STROBE Statement, this document, and the associated Web site (http://www.strobe-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of Observational research.
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The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies
Epidemiology, 2007Co-Authors: Douglas G Altman, Peter C Gøtzsche, Stuart J Pocock, Matthias Egger, Jan P VandenbrouckeAbstract:Abstract:Much biomedical research is Observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalizability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative develop
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The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting Observational Studies.
Bulletin of The World Health Organization, 2007Co-Authors: Douglas G Altman, Peter C Gøtzsche, Stuart J Pocock, Matthias Egger, Jan P VandenbrouckeAbstract:Much biomedical research is Observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study’s generalizability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an Observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case-control and cross-sectional Studies. We convened a two-day workshop, in September 2004, with methodologists, researchers and journal editors to draft a checklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE Statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results and discussion sections of articles. Eighteen items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional Studies. A detailed Explanation and Elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the web sites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE Statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of Observational Studies.
