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Xiaogang Wu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • marketization Occupational Segregation and gender earnings inequality in urban china
    Social Science Research, 2017
    Co-Authors: Guangye He, Xiaogang Wu
    Abstract:

    Abstract This article analyzes a large sample of the 2005 population mini-census data and prefecture-level statistics of China to investigate gender earnings inequality in the context of economic marketization, paying special attention to the changing role of Occupational Segregation in the process. We approximate marketization by employment sectors and also construct an index of marketization at the prefecture level. Results show that, despite the tremendous economic growth, marketization has exacerbated gender earnings inequality in urban China's labor markets. Gender earnings inequality is the smallest in government/public institutions, followed by public enterprises, and then private enterprises. The gender inequality also increases with the prefecture's level of marketization. Multilevel analyses show that Occupational Segregation plays an important role in affecting gender earnings inequality: the greater the Occupational Segregation, the more disadvantaged women are relative to men in earnings in a prefecture's labor market. Moreover, the impact of Occupational Segregation on gender earnings inequality increases with the prefectural level of marketization. These findings contribute to understanding the dynamics of gender earnings inequality and have important implications for policy to promote gender equality in urban China.

  • Occupational Segregation and earnings inequality rural migrants and local workers in urban china
    Social Science Research, 2017
    Co-Authors: Zhuoni Zhang, Xiaogang Wu
    Abstract:

    Abstract This article examines the central role of occupation as the “reward packages” in creating earnings disparities between rural migrants and local workers in urban China’s labor markets. Analyses of data from the population mini-census of China in 2005 show that, rural migrants’ earnings disadvantages are largely attributable to Occupational Segregation (between-occupation variation) by workers’ household registration status (hukou) rather than unequal pay within the same occupations, but surprisingly they enjoy a slight earnings advantage in lower-status occupations (within-occupation variation). Even after controlling for education and other characteristics, Occupational Segregation by hukou status continues to exist. The Occupational Segregation is the most severe in government agencies/state institutions and the least severe in the private sector, leading to earnings disparities between rural migrants and urban local workers in different work unit sectors. Our findings shed new light on how government discriminatory policies could affect Occupational Segregation and thereby create inequality among social groups in urban China.

Zhuoni Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Occupational Segregation and earnings inequality rural migrants and local workers in urban china
    Social Science Research, 2017
    Co-Authors: Zhuoni Zhang, Xiaogang Wu
    Abstract:

    Abstract This article examines the central role of occupation as the “reward packages” in creating earnings disparities between rural migrants and local workers in urban China’s labor markets. Analyses of data from the population mini-census of China in 2005 show that, rural migrants’ earnings disadvantages are largely attributable to Occupational Segregation (between-occupation variation) by workers’ household registration status (hukou) rather than unequal pay within the same occupations, but surprisingly they enjoy a slight earnings advantage in lower-status occupations (within-occupation variation). Even after controlling for education and other characteristics, Occupational Segregation by hukou status continues to exist. The Occupational Segregation is the most severe in government agencies/state institutions and the least severe in the private sector, leading to earnings disparities between rural migrants and urban local workers in different work unit sectors. Our findings shed new light on how government discriminatory policies could affect Occupational Segregation and thereby create inequality among social groups in urban China.

  • Registration Status, Occupational Segregation, and Rural Migrants in Urban China
    2012
    Co-Authors: Zhuoni Zhang
    Abstract:

    This paper examines the sources of earnings disparities between rural migrants and local workers in urban China’s labor markets, with special attention to the role played by the household registration (hukou) status in Occupational Segregation. Using data from the population mini-census of China in 2005, we show that rural migrants’ earnings disadvantages are largely attributable to Occupational Segregation based on workers’ hukou status, and the Occupational Segregation pattern varies by employment sector. Rural migrants who work in governmental agencies or state institutions earn less than their urban counterparts whereas those who work in public or private enterprises earn higher hourly wages. Our findings shed new lights on how government policies lead to Occupational Segregation and create inequality among different social groups. Registration Status, Occupational Segregation, and Rural Migrants in Urban China 3

Olga Alonso-villar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mapping the Occupational Segregation of white women in the US: Differences across metropolitan areas
    Papers in Regional Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Olga Alonso-villar, Coral Del Río
    Abstract:

    This paper investigates the Occupational Segregation of white women in the U.S. at a metropolitan area level. Our results show substantial variation across areas and suggest that the national scale does not reveal the real situation of white women. The proportion of white women who would have to shift occupations to achieve zero Segregation ranges between 20% in some areas and 40% in others. The consequences that Occupational Segregation has in terms of earnings also vary dramatically within the country, which suggests that in dealing with labor inequalities, local authorities should play an active role.

  • Occupational Segregation by Race and Ethnicity in the United States: Differences Across States
    Regional Studies, 2014
    Co-Authors: Carlos Gradín, Coral Del Río, Olga Alonso-villar
    Abstract:

    Gradin C., Del Rio C. and Alonso-Villar O. Occupational Segregation by race and ethnicity in the United States: differences across states, Regional Studies. Using the 2005–07 American Community Survey, this paper analyses the extent of geographical disparities in Occupational Segregation by race/ethnicity across US states. The results show that there is a great geographical variation in Segregation. A large part is driven by spatial disparities in workers' characteristics, mainly due to differences in the distribution of ethnic/racial minorities and their immigration/linguistic profiles. Taking these characteristics into account reduces this variation and reshapes the Segregation map, with the highest Segregation moving from states in the Southwest to those in the East Central region, where minorities face more segregating labour markets.

  • Occupational Segregation of immigrant women in Spain
    Feminist Economics, 2012
    Co-Authors: Coral Del Río, Olga Alonso-villar
    Abstract:

    The aim of this paper is to analyze Occupational Segregation in the Spanish labor market from a gender and an immigration perspective. In doing so, several local and overall Segregation measures are used. Our results suggest that immigrant women in Spain suffer a double Segregation since Segregation affects them to a greater extent than it does either native women or immigrant men. There are, however, remarkable discrepancies among the Segregation of immigrant women depending on their region of origin. Thus, immigrant women from the European Union (EU) have the lowest Occupational Segregation, while Segregation seems particularly intense in the group of women from European countries outside the EU bloc and Asia (the levels of which are higher than that of Latin American and African women).

  • Occupational Segregation in a country of recent mass immigration: evidence from Spain
    The Annals of Regional Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Olga Alonso-villar, Coral Del Río
    Abstract:

    The aim of this paper is to study the Occupational Segregation of immigrants in Spain. It analyzes whether age, educational level, gender, region of origin, and years of residence in Spain affect the distribution of immigrants across occupations. In addition, given the remarkable increase of immigrants in the last few years and the adjustments that have occurred in the Spanish labor market from the current economic crisis, the evolution of the Occupational Segregation of immigrants between 1996 and 2009 is addressed. For these purposes, several measures recently proposed in the literature are used.

  • Occupational Segregation measures: A role for status
    2011
    Co-Authors: Coral Del Río, Olga Alonso-villar
    Abstract:

    This paper extends recent local Segregation measures by incorporating status differences across occupations. These new measures are intended to be used to assess, from a normative point of view, the Segregation of a target group. They seem appropriate to complement, rather than substitute, other measures by quantifying how things change when taking into account the status of occupations. The usefulness of these tools is shown in the case of Occupational Segregation of immigrants and natives in Spain.

Guangye He - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • marketization Occupational Segregation and gender earnings inequality in urban china
    Social Science Research, 2017
    Co-Authors: Guangye He, Xiaogang Wu
    Abstract:

    Abstract This article analyzes a large sample of the 2005 population mini-census data and prefecture-level statistics of China to investigate gender earnings inequality in the context of economic marketization, paying special attention to the changing role of Occupational Segregation in the process. We approximate marketization by employment sectors and also construct an index of marketization at the prefecture level. Results show that, despite the tremendous economic growth, marketization has exacerbated gender earnings inequality in urban China's labor markets. Gender earnings inequality is the smallest in government/public institutions, followed by public enterprises, and then private enterprises. The gender inequality also increases with the prefecture's level of marketization. Multilevel analyses show that Occupational Segregation plays an important role in affecting gender earnings inequality: the greater the Occupational Segregation, the more disadvantaged women are relative to men in earnings in a prefecture's labor market. Moreover, the impact of Occupational Segregation on gender earnings inequality increases with the prefectural level of marketization. These findings contribute to understanding the dynamics of gender earnings inequality and have important implications for policy to promote gender equality in urban China.

Yue Qian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • native immigrant Occupational Segregation and worker health in the united states 2004 2014
    Social Science & Medicine, 2017
    Co-Authors: Wen Fan, Yue Qian
    Abstract:

    Immigrant workers are a growing share of the U.S. labor force and are overrepresented in certain occupations. This much is well documented, yet few studies have examined the consequences of this division of labor between foreign-born and native-born workers. This research focuses on one of the consequences of Occupational Segregation—worker health. We merge data from the 2004–2014 National Health Interview Surveys with Occupational-level data from the Occupational Information Network 20.1 database and the American Community Surveys to examine the relationship between Occupational Segregation and health. First, logistic regression models show that working in an occupation with a higher share of immigrants is associated with higher odds of poor physical and psychological health. This relationship is more pronounced among native-born workers than among foreign-born workers. Second, we propose two explanations for the association between Occupational Segregation and health: (1) workers with less human capital are typically sorted into culturally devalued occupations with a higher concentration of immigrants, and (2) occupations with a higher percentage of immigrants generally have relatively poor work environments. We find sorting variables play a major role, whereas the smaller contribution of Occupational environments to the Segregation-health link is partly because of the heterogeneous (i.e., both positive and negative) indirect effects of different exposure measures. With the sustained high levels of immigration to the United States, the implications of integrated or segregated experiences in the labor market and their impact on workers are important avenues for health policies and future research.