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Donna Armstrong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • United States coronary mortality trends and community services associated with Occupational Structure, among blacks and whites, 1984-1998.
    Social science & medicine (1982), 2004
    Co-Authors: Donna Armstrong, David Strogatz, Ruby Wang
    Abstract:

    This paper examines the association between US county Occupational Structure, services availability, prevalence of risk factors, and coronary mortality rates by sex and race, for 1984-1998. The 3137 US counties were classified into five Occupational Structure categories; counties with the lowest percentages of the labor force in managerial, professional, and technical occupations were classified in category I (5-16%), counties with the highest percentages were in category V (32-59%). Directly age-adjusted coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates, for aged 35-64 years, (from vital statistics and Census data), per-capita services (County Business Patterns), and the prevalence of CHD risk factors (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Surveys data) were calculated for each Occupational Structure category. CHD mortality rates and the prevalence of risk factors were inversely monotonically associated with Occupational Structure categories for white men and women but not among black men and women. Numbers of producer services for banking, business credit, overall business services and personnel/employment services were 2-12 times greater in category V versus I counties. Consumer services such as fruit/vegetable markets, fitness facilities, doctor offices and social services were 1.6-3 times greater in category V versus I counties. Residential racial segregation scores remained high in most areas despite declines during 1980-1990; Occupational segregation by race and gender were shown indicating continued institutional racism. An ecological model for conceptualizing communities and health and the overall influence of state and national Occupational Structure is discussed; intervention strategies such as decreased wage disparities and 'living wage' standards and development is discussed.

  • Joint effects of social class and community Occupational Structure on coronary mortality among black men and white men, upstate New York, 1988–92
    Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2003
    Co-Authors: Donna Armstrong, David Strogatz, Elizabeth Barnett, Rui Wang
    Abstract:

    Study objective: Occupational Structure represents the unequal geographical distribution of more desirable jobs among communities (for example, white collar jobs). This study examines joint effects of social class, race, and county Occupational Structure on coronary mortality rates for men, ages 35–64 years, 1988–92, in upstate New York. Design: Upstate New York's 57 counties were classified into three Occupational Structure categories; counties with the lowest percentages of the labour force in managerial, professional, and technical occupations were classified in category I, counties with the highest percentages were in category III. Age adjusted coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates, 35–64 years, (from vital statistics and census data) were calculated for each Occupational Structure category. Main results: An inverse association between CHD mortality and Occupational Structure was observed among blue collar and white collar workers, among black men and white men, with the lowest CHD mortality observed among white collar, white men in category III (135/100 000). About two times higher mortality was observed among blue collar than white collar workers. Among blue collar workers, mortality was 1.3–1.8 times higher among black compared with white workers, and the highest rates were observed among black, blue collar workers (689/100 000). Also, high residential race segregation was shown in all areas. Conclusions: Results suggest the importance of community conditions in coronary health of local populations; however, differential impact on subpopulations was shown. Blue collar and black workers may especially lack economic and other resources to use available community services and/or may experience worse working and living conditions compared with white collar and white workers in the same communities.

  • community Occupational Structure basic services and coronary mortality in washington state 1980 1994
    Annals of Epidemiology, 1998
    Co-Authors: Donna Armstrong, Joseph Castorina
    Abstract:

    Abstract OBJECTIVE: Examine the association between county Occupational Structure, public expenditures, services availability, prevalence of risk factors, and coronary mortality rates, for 1980–1994, in Washington state. DESIGN: Washington’s 39 counties were classified into three Occupational Structure categories: counties with the lowest percentages of the labor force in managerial, professional, and technical occupations were classified in category I; counties with the highest percentages were in category III. Directly age-adjusted coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates, aged 35–64 years, (from vital statistics and Census data), per capita expenditures (Washington Department of Revenue data), per capita services (U.S. Statistical Abstracts data), and the prevalence of CHD risk factors (BRFSS data) were calculated for each Occupational Structure category. RESULTS: CHD mortality rates and the prevalence of risk factors were inversely associated with Occupational Structure. Per capita expenditures for health, social, and employment services were 2.2 times, and for schools and recreation were 1.4 times higher in category III vs. I counties. Per capita numbers of child care, job training, employment services, exercise facilities, schools, and medical services were 1.5–6.4 times greater in category III vs. I counties. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies to improve community living conditions and decrease economic disparities between counties may be important to decrease geographic differences in premature CHD mortality.

  • community Occupational Structure medical and economic resources and coronary mortality among u s blacks and whites 1980 1988
    Annals of Epidemiology, 1998
    Co-Authors: Donna Armstrong, Elizabeth Barnett, Michele Casper, Steve Wing
    Abstract:

    Abstract PURPOSE: To examine the association between coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, economic and medical resources, and county Occupational Structure. METHODS: U.S. counties were classified into five Occupational Structure categories based on the percentage of workers in white-collar occupations. Directly age-adjusted CHD mortality rates (from vital statistics and Census data) and economic and medical care data (from Census and Area Resource File data) were calculated for each Occupational Structure category. Participants were black and white, men and women, aged 35–64 years, in the U.S. during 1980–88. CHD mortality rates and economic and medical care data were compared across Occupational Structure categories. RESULTS: Among blacks, CDH rates were highest in counties with intermediate levels of Occupational Structure; rates among whites were inversely associated with Occupational Structure. Per capita levels of income and numbers of medical-care providers were positively associated with Occupational Structure. CONCLUSION: Strategies to improve the resources of disadvantaged communities and the access of black workers to local Occupational opportunities may be important for CHD prevention in high risk populations.

  • Community Occupational Structure, Medical and Economic Resources, and Coronary Mortality among U.S. Blacks and Whites, 1980–1988
    Annals of epidemiology, 1998
    Co-Authors: Donna Armstrong, Elizabeth Barnett, Michele Casper, Steve Wing
    Abstract:

    Abstract PURPOSE: To examine the association between coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, economic and medical resources, and county Occupational Structure. METHODS: U.S. counties were classified into five Occupational Structure categories based on the percentage of workers in white-collar occupations. Directly age-adjusted CHD mortality rates (from vital statistics and Census data) and economic and medical care data (from Census and Area Resource File data) were calculated for each Occupational Structure category. Participants were black and white, men and women, aged 35–64 years, in the U.S. during 1980–88. CHD mortality rates and economic and medical care data were compared across Occupational Structure categories. RESULTS: Among blacks, CDH rates were highest in counties with intermediate levels of Occupational Structure; rates among whites were inversely associated with Occupational Structure. Per capita levels of income and numbers of medical-care providers were positively associated with Occupational Structure. CONCLUSION: Strategies to improve the resources of disadvantaged communities and the access of black workers to local Occupational opportunities may be important for CHD prevention in high risk populations.

Joseph Castorina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • community Occupational Structure basic services and coronary mortality in washington state 1980 1994
    Annals of Epidemiology, 1998
    Co-Authors: Donna Armstrong, Joseph Castorina
    Abstract:

    Abstract OBJECTIVE: Examine the association between county Occupational Structure, public expenditures, services availability, prevalence of risk factors, and coronary mortality rates, for 1980–1994, in Washington state. DESIGN: Washington’s 39 counties were classified into three Occupational Structure categories: counties with the lowest percentages of the labor force in managerial, professional, and technical occupations were classified in category I; counties with the highest percentages were in category III. Directly age-adjusted coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates, aged 35–64 years, (from vital statistics and Census data), per capita expenditures (Washington Department of Revenue data), per capita services (U.S. Statistical Abstracts data), and the prevalence of CHD risk factors (BRFSS data) were calculated for each Occupational Structure category. RESULTS: CHD mortality rates and the prevalence of risk factors were inversely associated with Occupational Structure. Per capita expenditures for health, social, and employment services were 2.2 times, and for schools and recreation were 1.4 times higher in category III vs. I counties. Per capita numbers of child care, job training, employment services, exercise facilities, schools, and medical services were 1.5–6.4 times greater in category III vs. I counties. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies to improve community living conditions and decrease economic disparities between counties may be important to decrease geographic differences in premature CHD mortality.

  • Community Occupational Structure, Basic Services, and Coronary Mortality in Washington State, 1980–1994
    Annals of epidemiology, 1998
    Co-Authors: Donna Armstrong, Joseph Castorina
    Abstract:

    Abstract OBJECTIVE: Examine the association between county Occupational Structure, public expenditures, services availability, prevalence of risk factors, and coronary mortality rates, for 1980–1994, in Washington state. DESIGN: Washington’s 39 counties were classified into three Occupational Structure categories: counties with the lowest percentages of the labor force in managerial, professional, and technical occupations were classified in category I; counties with the highest percentages were in category III. Directly age-adjusted coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates, aged 35–64 years, (from vital statistics and Census data), per capita expenditures (Washington Department of Revenue data), per capita services (U.S. Statistical Abstracts data), and the prevalence of CHD risk factors (BRFSS data) were calculated for each Occupational Structure category. RESULTS: CHD mortality rates and the prevalence of risk factors were inversely associated with Occupational Structure. Per capita expenditures for health, social, and employment services were 2.2 times, and for schools and recreation were 1.4 times higher in category III vs. I counties. Per capita numbers of child care, job training, employment services, exercise facilities, schools, and medical services were 1.5–6.4 times greater in category III vs. I counties. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies to improve community living conditions and decrease economic disparities between counties may be important to decrease geographic differences in premature CHD mortality.

Rui Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Joint effects of social class and community Occupational Structure on coronary mortality among black men and white men, upstate New York, 1988–92
    Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2003
    Co-Authors: Donna Armstrong, David Strogatz, Elizabeth Barnett, Rui Wang
    Abstract:

    Study objective: Occupational Structure represents the unequal geographical distribution of more desirable jobs among communities (for example, white collar jobs). This study examines joint effects of social class, race, and county Occupational Structure on coronary mortality rates for men, ages 35–64 years, 1988–92, in upstate New York. Design: Upstate New York's 57 counties were classified into three Occupational Structure categories; counties with the lowest percentages of the labour force in managerial, professional, and technical occupations were classified in category I, counties with the highest percentages were in category III. Age adjusted coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates, 35–64 years, (from vital statistics and census data) were calculated for each Occupational Structure category. Main results: An inverse association between CHD mortality and Occupational Structure was observed among blue collar and white collar workers, among black men and white men, with the lowest CHD mortality observed among white collar, white men in category III (135/100 000). About two times higher mortality was observed among blue collar than white collar workers. Among blue collar workers, mortality was 1.3–1.8 times higher among black compared with white workers, and the highest rates were observed among black, blue collar workers (689/100 000). Also, high residential race segregation was shown in all areas. Conclusions: Results suggest the importance of community conditions in coronary health of local populations; however, differential impact on subpopulations was shown. Blue collar and black workers may especially lack economic and other resources to use available community services and/or may experience worse working and living conditions compared with white collar and white workers in the same communities.

  • Trends in coronary mortality and community services, associated with Occupational Structure in New York state, 1980-96
    Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2002
    Co-Authors: D L Armstrong, David Strogatz, Rui Wang
    Abstract:

    Study objective: Examine the association between county Occupational Structure, services availability, prevalence of risk factors, and coronary mortality rates by sex, for 1980-96, in New York state. Design: New York's 62 counties were classified into three Occupational Structure categories; counties with the lowest percentages of the labour force in managerial, professional, and technical occupations were classified in category I, counties with the highest percentages were in category III. Directly age adjusted coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates, aged 35-64 years, (from vital statistics and census data), per capita services (Census County Business Patterns), and the prevalence of CHD risk factors (BRFSS data) were calculated for each Occupational Structure category. Results: CHD mortality rates and the prevalence of risk factors were inversely associated with Occupational Structure for men and women. Income from manufacturing jobs declined most in category I and per capita numbers of producer services for banking, business credit, overall business services, and personnel/employment services were 9-15 times greater in category III compared with I counties. Consumer services such as grocery stores, fitness facilities, doctors offices, and social services were 1.5-4 times greater in category III compared with I counties. Conclusions: An ecological model for conceptualising communities and health and for intervention design is discussed; key community characteristics are Occupational and industrial Structure, availability and diversity of consumer services, prevalence of health practices, and level of premature CHD.

Steve Wing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • community Occupational Structure medical and economic resources and coronary mortality among u s blacks and whites 1980 1988
    Annals of Epidemiology, 1998
    Co-Authors: Donna Armstrong, Elizabeth Barnett, Michele Casper, Steve Wing
    Abstract:

    Abstract PURPOSE: To examine the association between coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, economic and medical resources, and county Occupational Structure. METHODS: U.S. counties were classified into five Occupational Structure categories based on the percentage of workers in white-collar occupations. Directly age-adjusted CHD mortality rates (from vital statistics and Census data) and economic and medical care data (from Census and Area Resource File data) were calculated for each Occupational Structure category. Participants were black and white, men and women, aged 35–64 years, in the U.S. during 1980–88. CHD mortality rates and economic and medical care data were compared across Occupational Structure categories. RESULTS: Among blacks, CDH rates were highest in counties with intermediate levels of Occupational Structure; rates among whites were inversely associated with Occupational Structure. Per capita levels of income and numbers of medical-care providers were positively associated with Occupational Structure. CONCLUSION: Strategies to improve the resources of disadvantaged communities and the access of black workers to local Occupational opportunities may be important for CHD prevention in high risk populations.

  • Community Occupational Structure, Medical and Economic Resources, and Coronary Mortality among U.S. Blacks and Whites, 1980–1988
    Annals of epidemiology, 1998
    Co-Authors: Donna Armstrong, Elizabeth Barnett, Michele Casper, Steve Wing
    Abstract:

    Abstract PURPOSE: To examine the association between coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, economic and medical resources, and county Occupational Structure. METHODS: U.S. counties were classified into five Occupational Structure categories based on the percentage of workers in white-collar occupations. Directly age-adjusted CHD mortality rates (from vital statistics and Census data) and economic and medical care data (from Census and Area Resource File data) were calculated for each Occupational Structure category. Participants were black and white, men and women, aged 35–64 years, in the U.S. during 1980–88. CHD mortality rates and economic and medical care data were compared across Occupational Structure categories. RESULTS: Among blacks, CDH rates were highest in counties with intermediate levels of Occupational Structure; rates among whites were inversely associated with Occupational Structure. Per capita levels of income and numbers of medical-care providers were positively associated with Occupational Structure. CONCLUSION: Strategies to improve the resources of disadvantaged communities and the access of black workers to local Occupational opportunities may be important for CHD prevention in high risk populations.

David Strogatz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • United States coronary mortality trends and community services associated with Occupational Structure, among blacks and whites, 1984-1998.
    Social science & medicine (1982), 2004
    Co-Authors: Donna Armstrong, David Strogatz, Ruby Wang
    Abstract:

    This paper examines the association between US county Occupational Structure, services availability, prevalence of risk factors, and coronary mortality rates by sex and race, for 1984-1998. The 3137 US counties were classified into five Occupational Structure categories; counties with the lowest percentages of the labor force in managerial, professional, and technical occupations were classified in category I (5-16%), counties with the highest percentages were in category V (32-59%). Directly age-adjusted coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates, for aged 35-64 years, (from vital statistics and Census data), per-capita services (County Business Patterns), and the prevalence of CHD risk factors (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Surveys data) were calculated for each Occupational Structure category. CHD mortality rates and the prevalence of risk factors were inversely monotonically associated with Occupational Structure categories for white men and women but not among black men and women. Numbers of producer services for banking, business credit, overall business services and personnel/employment services were 2-12 times greater in category V versus I counties. Consumer services such as fruit/vegetable markets, fitness facilities, doctor offices and social services were 1.6-3 times greater in category V versus I counties. Residential racial segregation scores remained high in most areas despite declines during 1980-1990; Occupational segregation by race and gender were shown indicating continued institutional racism. An ecological model for conceptualizing communities and health and the overall influence of state and national Occupational Structure is discussed; intervention strategies such as decreased wage disparities and 'living wage' standards and development is discussed.

  • Joint effects of social class and community Occupational Structure on coronary mortality among black men and white men, upstate New York, 1988–92
    Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2003
    Co-Authors: Donna Armstrong, David Strogatz, Elizabeth Barnett, Rui Wang
    Abstract:

    Study objective: Occupational Structure represents the unequal geographical distribution of more desirable jobs among communities (for example, white collar jobs). This study examines joint effects of social class, race, and county Occupational Structure on coronary mortality rates for men, ages 35–64 years, 1988–92, in upstate New York. Design: Upstate New York's 57 counties were classified into three Occupational Structure categories; counties with the lowest percentages of the labour force in managerial, professional, and technical occupations were classified in category I, counties with the highest percentages were in category III. Age adjusted coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates, 35–64 years, (from vital statistics and census data) were calculated for each Occupational Structure category. Main results: An inverse association between CHD mortality and Occupational Structure was observed among blue collar and white collar workers, among black men and white men, with the lowest CHD mortality observed among white collar, white men in category III (135/100 000). About two times higher mortality was observed among blue collar than white collar workers. Among blue collar workers, mortality was 1.3–1.8 times higher among black compared with white workers, and the highest rates were observed among black, blue collar workers (689/100 000). Also, high residential race segregation was shown in all areas. Conclusions: Results suggest the importance of community conditions in coronary health of local populations; however, differential impact on subpopulations was shown. Blue collar and black workers may especially lack economic and other resources to use available community services and/or may experience worse working and living conditions compared with white collar and white workers in the same communities.

  • Trends in coronary mortality and community services, associated with Occupational Structure in New York state, 1980-96
    Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2002
    Co-Authors: D L Armstrong, David Strogatz, Rui Wang
    Abstract:

    Study objective: Examine the association between county Occupational Structure, services availability, prevalence of risk factors, and coronary mortality rates by sex, for 1980-96, in New York state. Design: New York's 62 counties were classified into three Occupational Structure categories; counties with the lowest percentages of the labour force in managerial, professional, and technical occupations were classified in category I, counties with the highest percentages were in category III. Directly age adjusted coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates, aged 35-64 years, (from vital statistics and census data), per capita services (Census County Business Patterns), and the prevalence of CHD risk factors (BRFSS data) were calculated for each Occupational Structure category. Results: CHD mortality rates and the prevalence of risk factors were inversely associated with Occupational Structure for men and women. Income from manufacturing jobs declined most in category I and per capita numbers of producer services for banking, business credit, overall business services, and personnel/employment services were 9-15 times greater in category III compared with I counties. Consumer services such as grocery stores, fitness facilities, doctors offices, and social services were 1.5-4 times greater in category III compared with I counties. Conclusions: An ecological model for conceptualising communities and health and for intervention design is discussed; key community characteristics are Occupational and industrial Structure, availability and diversity of consumer services, prevalence of health practices, and level of premature CHD.