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Edward F. Delong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wind and sunlight shape microbial diversity in surface waters of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
The ISME Journal, 2016Co-Authors: Jessica A Bryant, John M Eppley, Matthew J Church, Frank O Aylward, David M Karl, Edward F. DelongAbstract:Few microbial time-series studies have been conducted in open Ocean Habitats having low seasonal variability such as the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG), where surface waters experience comparatively mild seasonal variation. To better describe microbial seasonal variability in this habitat, we analyzed rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic data over two years at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series Station ALOHA. We postulated that this relatively stable habitat might reveal different environmental factors that influence planktonic microbial community diversity than those previously observed in more seasonally dynamic Habitats. Unexpectedly, the data showed that microbial diversity at 25 m was positively correlated with average wind speed 3 to 10 days prior to sampling. In addition, microbial community composition at 25 m exhibited significant correlations with solar irradiance. Many bacterial groups whose relative abundances varied with solar radiation corresponded to taxa known to exhibit strong seasonality in other Oceanic regions. Network co-correlation analysis of 25 m communities showed seasonal transitions in composition, and distinct successional cohorts of co-occurring phylogenetic groups. Similar network analyses of metagenomic data also indicated distinct seasonality in genes originating from cyanophage, and several bacterial clades including SAR116 and SAR324. At 500 m, microbial community diversity and composition did not vary significantly with any measured environmental parameters. The minimal seasonal variability in the NPSG facilitated detection of more subtle environmental influences, such as episodic wind variation, on surface water microbial diversity. Community composition in NPSG surface waters varied in response to solar irradiance, but less dramatically than reported in other Ocean provinces.
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Quantitative distribution of presumptive archaeal and bacterial nitrifiers in Monterey Bay and the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre.
Environmental microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Tracy J. Mincer, Matthew J Church, David M Karl, Lance T. Taylor, Christina M. Preston, Edward F. DelongAbstract:Summary The recent isolation of the ammonia-oxidizing crenar- chaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus has expanded the known phylogenetic distribution of nitrifying pheno- types beyond the domain Bacteria. To further charac- terize nitrification in the marine environment and explore the potential crenarchaeal contribution to this process, we quantified putative nitrifying genes and phylotypes in picoplankton genomic libraries and environmental DNA samples from coastal and open Ocean Habitats. Betaproteobacteria ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) gene copy numbers were low or undetectable, in stark contrast to crenarchaeal amoA-like genes that were broadly dis- tributed and reached up to 6 ¥ 10 4 copies ml -1 . Unex- pectedly, in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, a deeply branching crenarchaeal group related to a hot spring clade (pSL12) was at times abundant below the euphotic zone. Quantitative data suggested that the pSL12 relatives also contain archaeal amoA-like genes. In both coastal and open Ocean Habitats, close relatives of known nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospina species were well represented in genomic DNA libraries and quantitative PCR profiles. PlanktonicNitrospina depth distributions correlated with those of Crenarchaea. Overall, the data suggest that amoA-containing Cre- narchaea are more phylogenetically diverse than pre- viously reported. Additionally, distributional patterns of planktonic Crenarchaea and Nitrospina species suggest potential metabolic interactions between these groups in the Ocean's water column.
Matthew J Church - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wind and sunlight shape microbial diversity in surface waters of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
The ISME Journal, 2016Co-Authors: Jessica A Bryant, John M Eppley, Matthew J Church, Frank O Aylward, David M Karl, Edward F. DelongAbstract:Few microbial time-series studies have been conducted in open Ocean Habitats having low seasonal variability such as the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG), where surface waters experience comparatively mild seasonal variation. To better describe microbial seasonal variability in this habitat, we analyzed rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic data over two years at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series Station ALOHA. We postulated that this relatively stable habitat might reveal different environmental factors that influence planktonic microbial community diversity than those previously observed in more seasonally dynamic Habitats. Unexpectedly, the data showed that microbial diversity at 25 m was positively correlated with average wind speed 3 to 10 days prior to sampling. In addition, microbial community composition at 25 m exhibited significant correlations with solar irradiance. Many bacterial groups whose relative abundances varied with solar radiation corresponded to taxa known to exhibit strong seasonality in other Oceanic regions. Network co-correlation analysis of 25 m communities showed seasonal transitions in composition, and distinct successional cohorts of co-occurring phylogenetic groups. Similar network analyses of metagenomic data also indicated distinct seasonality in genes originating from cyanophage, and several bacterial clades including SAR116 and SAR324. At 500 m, microbial community diversity and composition did not vary significantly with any measured environmental parameters. The minimal seasonal variability in the NPSG facilitated detection of more subtle environmental influences, such as episodic wind variation, on surface water microbial diversity. Community composition in NPSG surface waters varied in response to solar irradiance, but less dramatically than reported in other Ocean provinces.
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Quantitative distribution of presumptive archaeal and bacterial nitrifiers in Monterey Bay and the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre.
Environmental microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Tracy J. Mincer, Matthew J Church, David M Karl, Lance T. Taylor, Christina M. Preston, Edward F. DelongAbstract:Summary The recent isolation of the ammonia-oxidizing crenar- chaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus has expanded the known phylogenetic distribution of nitrifying pheno- types beyond the domain Bacteria. To further charac- terize nitrification in the marine environment and explore the potential crenarchaeal contribution to this process, we quantified putative nitrifying genes and phylotypes in picoplankton genomic libraries and environmental DNA samples from coastal and open Ocean Habitats. Betaproteobacteria ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) gene copy numbers were low or undetectable, in stark contrast to crenarchaeal amoA-like genes that were broadly dis- tributed and reached up to 6 ¥ 10 4 copies ml -1 . Unex- pectedly, in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, a deeply branching crenarchaeal group related to a hot spring clade (pSL12) was at times abundant below the euphotic zone. Quantitative data suggested that the pSL12 relatives also contain archaeal amoA-like genes. In both coastal and open Ocean Habitats, close relatives of known nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospina species were well represented in genomic DNA libraries and quantitative PCR profiles. PlanktonicNitrospina depth distributions correlated with those of Crenarchaea. Overall, the data suggest that amoA-containing Cre- narchaea are more phylogenetically diverse than pre- viously reported. Additionally, distributional patterns of planktonic Crenarchaea and Nitrospina species suggest potential metabolic interactions between these groups in the Ocean's water column.
David M Karl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wind and sunlight shape microbial diversity in surface waters of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
The ISME Journal, 2016Co-Authors: Jessica A Bryant, John M Eppley, Matthew J Church, Frank O Aylward, David M Karl, Edward F. DelongAbstract:Few microbial time-series studies have been conducted in open Ocean Habitats having low seasonal variability such as the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG), where surface waters experience comparatively mild seasonal variation. To better describe microbial seasonal variability in this habitat, we analyzed rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic data over two years at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series Station ALOHA. We postulated that this relatively stable habitat might reveal different environmental factors that influence planktonic microbial community diversity than those previously observed in more seasonally dynamic Habitats. Unexpectedly, the data showed that microbial diversity at 25 m was positively correlated with average wind speed 3 to 10 days prior to sampling. In addition, microbial community composition at 25 m exhibited significant correlations with solar irradiance. Many bacterial groups whose relative abundances varied with solar radiation corresponded to taxa known to exhibit strong seasonality in other Oceanic regions. Network co-correlation analysis of 25 m communities showed seasonal transitions in composition, and distinct successional cohorts of co-occurring phylogenetic groups. Similar network analyses of metagenomic data also indicated distinct seasonality in genes originating from cyanophage, and several bacterial clades including SAR116 and SAR324. At 500 m, microbial community diversity and composition did not vary significantly with any measured environmental parameters. The minimal seasonal variability in the NPSG facilitated detection of more subtle environmental influences, such as episodic wind variation, on surface water microbial diversity. Community composition in NPSG surface waters varied in response to solar irradiance, but less dramatically than reported in other Ocean provinces.
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Quantitative distribution of presumptive archaeal and bacterial nitrifiers in Monterey Bay and the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre.
Environmental microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Tracy J. Mincer, Matthew J Church, David M Karl, Lance T. Taylor, Christina M. Preston, Edward F. DelongAbstract:Summary The recent isolation of the ammonia-oxidizing crenar- chaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus has expanded the known phylogenetic distribution of nitrifying pheno- types beyond the domain Bacteria. To further charac- terize nitrification in the marine environment and explore the potential crenarchaeal contribution to this process, we quantified putative nitrifying genes and phylotypes in picoplankton genomic libraries and environmental DNA samples from coastal and open Ocean Habitats. Betaproteobacteria ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) gene copy numbers were low or undetectable, in stark contrast to crenarchaeal amoA-like genes that were broadly dis- tributed and reached up to 6 ¥ 10 4 copies ml -1 . Unex- pectedly, in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, a deeply branching crenarchaeal group related to a hot spring clade (pSL12) was at times abundant below the euphotic zone. Quantitative data suggested that the pSL12 relatives also contain archaeal amoA-like genes. In both coastal and open Ocean Habitats, close relatives of known nitrite-oxidizing Nitrospina species were well represented in genomic DNA libraries and quantitative PCR profiles. PlanktonicNitrospina depth distributions correlated with those of Crenarchaea. Overall, the data suggest that amoA-containing Cre- narchaea are more phylogenetically diverse than pre- viously reported. Additionally, distributional patterns of planktonic Crenarchaea and Nitrospina species suggest potential metabolic interactions between these groups in the Ocean's water column.
Henri Weimerskirch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Environmental heterogeneity and the evolution of foraging behaviour in long ranging greater albatrosses
Oikos, 2003Co-Authors: Susan M. Waugh, Henri WeimerskirchAbstract:Habitat selection in heterogeneous environments is assumed to allow diversification. Wide-ranging species like pelagic seabirds present a paradox, in that their diversity appears difficult to reconcile with a frequent lack of geographical isolation between populations. We studied the foraging strategies of three closely related species of greater albatrosses, wandering albatross, Diomedea exuans, Amsterdam albatrosses D. amsterdamensis and royal albatross. D. epomophora, in relation to environmental heterogeneity at coarse-grained and fine-grained scales. During the incubation period the three species foraged at long distances from their colonies. We observed significant differences between the species in the duration of foraging trips and the distance travelled per day. There were significant differences in preference for habitat types in relation to bathymetric features, and in chlorophyll a concentrations in the waters traversed. Royal albatross preferred shallower waters ( 0.5 mg/m 3 ), while the other species spent on average 80% of their time in waters deeper than this, where chlorophyll levels were lower. Wandering albatrosses foraged in colder waters than Amsterdam albatrosses. Patterns of activity divided the species into two groups: those exploiting Oceanic Habitats (wandering and Amsterdam albatrosses) spent high proportions of time on the water (49%), and had on average 1.35 takeoffs and landings per hour, while royal albatross, which foraged mainly over neritic waters spent only 35% of their time sitting on the water, and made on average 2.6 takeoff per how. Further, royal albatross showed a similar pattern of activity during all periods of the day while wandering and Amsterdam albatrosses were mostly inactive during the night. We link these differences in activity to prey patch availability in two contrasting Habitats continental shell areas compared to open Ocean Habitats. The divergent styles of foraging observed in this study suggest that these closely-related and wide-ranging species could effectively co-exist by dividing the resources available to them by different modes of exploitation.
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Environmental heterogeneity and the evolution of foraging behaviour in long ranging greater albatrosses
Oikos, 2003Co-Authors: Henri WeimerskirchAbstract:Habitat selection in heterogeneous environments is assumed to allow diversification. Wide-ranging species like pelagic seabirds present a paradox, in that their diversity appears difficult to reconcile with a frequent lack of geographical isolation between populations. We studied the foraging strategies of three closely related species of greater albatrosses, wandering albatross, Diomedea exulans, Amsterdam albatrosses D. amsterdamensis and royal albatross, D. epomophora, in relation to environmental heterogeneity at coarse-grained and fine-grained scales. During the incubation period the three species foraged at long distances from their colonies. We observed significant differences between the species in the duration of foraging trips and the distance travelled per day. There were significant differences in preference for habitat types in relation to bathymetric features, and in chlorophyll a concentrations in the waters traversed. Royal albatross preferred shallower waters (1500 m depth), which were rich in chlorophyll (0.5 mg/m3), while the other species spent on average 80% of their time in waters deeper than this, where chlorophyll levels were lower. Wandering albatrosses foraged in colder waters than Amsterdam albatrosses. Patterns of activity divided the species into two groups: those exploiting Oceanic Habitats (wandering and Amsterdam albatrosses) spent high proportions of time on the water (49%), and had on average 1.35 takeoffs and landings per hour, while royal albatross, which foraged mainly over neritic waters spent only 35% of their time sitting on the water, and made on average 2.6 takeoff per hour. Further, royal albatross showed a similar pattern of activity during all periods of the day, while wandering and Amsterdam albatrosses were mostly inactive during the night. We link these differences in activity to prey patch availability in two contrasting Habitats – continental shelf areas compared to open Ocean Habitats. The divergent styles of foraging observed in this study suggest that these closely-related and wide-ranging species could effectively co-exist by dividing the resources available to them by different modes of exploitation.
Jessica A Bryant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wind and sunlight shape microbial diversity in surface waters of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
The ISME Journal, 2016Co-Authors: Jessica A Bryant, John M Eppley, Matthew J Church, Frank O Aylward, David M Karl, Edward F. DelongAbstract:Few microbial time-series studies have been conducted in open Ocean Habitats having low seasonal variability such as the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG), where surface waters experience comparatively mild seasonal variation. To better describe microbial seasonal variability in this habitat, we analyzed rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic data over two years at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series Station ALOHA. We postulated that this relatively stable habitat might reveal different environmental factors that influence planktonic microbial community diversity than those previously observed in more seasonally dynamic Habitats. Unexpectedly, the data showed that microbial diversity at 25 m was positively correlated with average wind speed 3 to 10 days prior to sampling. In addition, microbial community composition at 25 m exhibited significant correlations with solar irradiance. Many bacterial groups whose relative abundances varied with solar radiation corresponded to taxa known to exhibit strong seasonality in other Oceanic regions. Network co-correlation analysis of 25 m communities showed seasonal transitions in composition, and distinct successional cohorts of co-occurring phylogenetic groups. Similar network analyses of metagenomic data also indicated distinct seasonality in genes originating from cyanophage, and several bacterial clades including SAR116 and SAR324. At 500 m, microbial community diversity and composition did not vary significantly with any measured environmental parameters. The minimal seasonal variability in the NPSG facilitated detection of more subtle environmental influences, such as episodic wind variation, on surface water microbial diversity. Community composition in NPSG surface waters varied in response to solar irradiance, but less dramatically than reported in other Ocean provinces.