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Mark J. Mannis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characterization of novel O-glycans isolated from tear and saliva of Ocular Rosacea patients.
Journal of proteome research, 2013Co-Authors: Sureyya Ozcan, Mark J. Mannis, Ana Carolina Vieira, Gun Wook Park, Jae Han Kim, Carlito B. LebrillaAbstract:O-Glycans in saliva and tear isolated from patients suffering from Ocular Rosacea, a form of inflammatory Ocular surface disease, were profiled, and their structures were elucidated using high resolution mass spectrometry. We have previously shown that certain structures, particularly sulfated oligosaccharides, increased in the tear and saliva of Rosacea patients. In this study, the structures of these glycans were elucidated using primarily tandem mass spectrometry. There were important similarities in the glycan profiles of tears and saliva with the majority of the structures in common. The structures of the most abundant species common to both tear and saliva, which were also the most abundant species in both, were elucidated. For sulfated species, the positions of the sulfate groups were localized. The majority of the structures were new, with the sulfated glycans comprising mucin core 1- and core 2-type structures. As both saliva and tear are rich in mucins, it is suggested that the O-glycans are mai...
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Ocular Rosacea: common and commonly missed.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2013Co-Authors: Ana Carolina Vieira, Mark J. MannisAbstract:Rosacea is a prevalent disorder that may be disfiguring and cause significant Ocular morbidity, if not diagnosed and managed appropriately. Ocular Rosacea, in particular, is often left undiagnosed as no specific test is available to confirm the diagnosis. Accurate diagnosis is further complicated because symptoms of Ocular Rosacea are not always specific to the disorder alone. Other ophthalmic disorders may present with similar findings. Further challenges exist because the severity of Ocular symptoms is often not related to the severity of cutaneous findings in Rosacea. Isolating a disease marker may facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment, and could also contribute to better understanding of disease pathogenesis. The glycomics of tear fluid and saliva in patients with Rosacea shows promise as an initial step in the search for a biomarker specific to the disease. We have previously found potentially important disease biomarkers in roseatic tear and saliva samples. Further investigation should prove important in the early stages of developing a set of markers for accurate disease identification.
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Characterization of Novel O‑Glycans Isolated from Tear and Saliva of Ocular Rosacea Patients
2013Co-Authors: Sureyya Ozcan, Mark J. Mannis, Ana C. Vieira, Gun Wook Park, Jae Han Kim, Carlito B. LebrillaAbstract:O-Glycans in saliva and tear isolated from patients suffering from Ocular Rosacea, a form of inflammatory Ocular surface disease, were profiled, and their structures were elucidated using high resolution mass spectrometry. We have previously shown that certain structures, particularly sulfated oligosaccharides, increased in the tear and saliva of Rosacea patients. In this study, the structures of these glycans were elucidated using primarily tandem mass spectrometry. There were important similarities in the glycan profiles of tears and saliva with the majority of the structures in common. The structures of the most abundant species common to both tear and saliva, which were also the most abundant species in both, were elucidated. For sulfated species, the positions of the sulfate groups were localized. The majority of the structures were new, with the sulfated glycans comprising mucin core 1- and core 2-type structures. As both saliva and tear are rich in mucins, it is suggested that the O-glycans are mainly components of mucins. The study further illustrates the strong correspondence between the glycans in the tear and saliva of Ocular Rosacea patients
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Glycomic Analysis of Tear and Saliva in Ocular Rosacea Patients: The Search for a Biomarker
The ocular surface, 2012Co-Authors: Ana Carolina Vieira, Carlito B. Lebrilla, Sureyya Ozcan, Jae Han Kim, Mark J. MannisAbstract:The purpose of this study was to study changes in glycosylation in tear and saliva obtained from control and Ocular Rosacea patients in order to identify potential biomarkers for Rosacea. Tear fluid was collected from 51 subjects (28 healthy controls and 23 patients with Ocular Rosacea). Saliva was collected from 42 of the same subjects (25 controls and 17 patients). Pooled and individual samples were examined to determine overall glycan profiles and individual variations in glycosylation. O-and N- glycans were released from both patients and control subjects. Released glycans were purified and enriched by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with graphitized carbon. Glycans were eluted based on glycan size and polarity. SPE fractions were then analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Glycan compositions were assigned by accurate masses. Their structures were further elucidated by tandem mass spectrometric using collision-induced dissociation (CID), and specific linkage information was obtained by exoglycosidase digestion. N- and O-glycans were released from 20-mL samples without protein identification, separation, and purification. Approxi- mately 50 N-glycans and 70 O-glycans were globally profiled by mass spectrometry. Most N-glycans were highly fucosy- lated, while O-glycans were sulfated. Normal tear fluid and saliva contain highly fucosylated glycans. The numbers of sulfated glycans were dramatically increased in tear and saliva of Rosacea patients compared to controls. Glycans found in tear and saliva from roseatic patients present highly quantitative similarity. The abundance of highly fucosylated N-glycans in the control samples and sulfated O-glycans in Ocular Rosacea patient samples may lead to the discovery of an objective diagnostic marker for the disease.
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Ocular Rosacea--a review.
Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia, 2012Co-Authors: Ana Carolina Vieira, Ana Luisa Hofling-lima, Mark J. MannisAbstract:Rosacea is a prevalent chronic cutaneous disorder with variable presentation and severity. Although considered a skin disease, Rosacea may evolve the eyes in 58-72% of the patients, causing eyelid and Ocular surface inflammation. About one third of the patients develop potentially sight-threatening corneal involvement. Untreated Rosacea may cause varying degrees of Ocular morbidity. The importance of early diagnosis and adequate treatment cannot be overemphasized. There is not yet a diagnostic test for Rosacea. The diagnosis of Ocular Rosacea relies on observation of clinical features, which can be challenging in up to 90% of patients in whom accompanying roseatic skin changes may be subtle or inexistent. In this review, we describe the pathophysiologic mechanisms proposed in the literature, clinical features, diagnosis and management of Ocular Rosacea, as well as discuss the need for a diagnostic test for the disease.
Carlito B. Lebrilla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characterization of Novel O‑Glycans Isolated from Tear and Saliva of Ocular Rosacea Patients
2016Co-Authors: Carlito B. LebrillaAbstract:ABSTRACT: O-Glycans in saliva and tear isolated from patients suffering from Ocular Rosacea, a form of inflammatory Ocular surface disease, were profiled, and their structures were elucidated using high resolution mass spectrometry. We have previously shown that certain structures, particularly sulfated oligosaccharides, increased in the tear and saliva of Rosacea patients. In this study, the structures of these glycans were elucidated using primarily tandem mass spectrometry. There were important similarities in the glycan profiles of tears and saliva with the majority of the structures in common. The structures of the most abundant species common to both tear and saliva, which were also the most abundant species in both, were elucidated. For sulfated species, the positions of the sulfate groups were localized. The majority of the structures were new, with the sulfated glycans comprising mucin core 1- and core 2-type structures. As both saliva and tear are rich in mucins, it is suggested that the O-glycans are mainly components of mucins. The study further illustrates the strong correspondence between the glycans in the tear and saliva of Ocular Rosacea patients
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Glycomic Analysis of Tea Rosacea Patients: The S
2016Co-Authors: Ana Carolina Vieira, Jae Han Kim, Carlito B. LebrillaAbstract:ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to study changes in glycosylation in tear and saliva obtained from control and Ocular Rosacea patients in order to identify potential biomarkers for Rosacea. Tear fluid was collected from 51 subjects (28 healthy controls and 23 patients with Ocular Rosacea). Saliva was collected from 42 of the same subjects (25 controls and 17 patients). Pooled and individual samples were examined to determine overall glycan profiles and individual variations in glycosylation. O-and N- glycans were Ocular signs precede characteristic skin involvement, making neous or Ocular Rosacea. No specific histologic or serologic The search for a biomarker is a long and difficult process, involving the identification of a biomolecule tha
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Characterization of novel O-glycans isolated from tear and saliva of Ocular Rosacea patients.
Journal of proteome research, 2013Co-Authors: Sureyya Ozcan, Mark J. Mannis, Ana Carolina Vieira, Gun Wook Park, Jae Han Kim, Carlito B. LebrillaAbstract:O-Glycans in saliva and tear isolated from patients suffering from Ocular Rosacea, a form of inflammatory Ocular surface disease, were profiled, and their structures were elucidated using high resolution mass spectrometry. We have previously shown that certain structures, particularly sulfated oligosaccharides, increased in the tear and saliva of Rosacea patients. In this study, the structures of these glycans were elucidated using primarily tandem mass spectrometry. There were important similarities in the glycan profiles of tears and saliva with the majority of the structures in common. The structures of the most abundant species common to both tear and saliva, which were also the most abundant species in both, were elucidated. For sulfated species, the positions of the sulfate groups were localized. The majority of the structures were new, with the sulfated glycans comprising mucin core 1- and core 2-type structures. As both saliva and tear are rich in mucins, it is suggested that the O-glycans are mai...
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Characterization of Novel O‑Glycans Isolated from Tear and Saliva of Ocular Rosacea Patients
2013Co-Authors: Sureyya Ozcan, Mark J. Mannis, Ana C. Vieira, Gun Wook Park, Jae Han Kim, Carlito B. LebrillaAbstract:O-Glycans in saliva and tear isolated from patients suffering from Ocular Rosacea, a form of inflammatory Ocular surface disease, were profiled, and their structures were elucidated using high resolution mass spectrometry. We have previously shown that certain structures, particularly sulfated oligosaccharides, increased in the tear and saliva of Rosacea patients. In this study, the structures of these glycans were elucidated using primarily tandem mass spectrometry. There were important similarities in the glycan profiles of tears and saliva with the majority of the structures in common. The structures of the most abundant species common to both tear and saliva, which were also the most abundant species in both, were elucidated. For sulfated species, the positions of the sulfate groups were localized. The majority of the structures were new, with the sulfated glycans comprising mucin core 1- and core 2-type structures. As both saliva and tear are rich in mucins, it is suggested that the O-glycans are mainly components of mucins. The study further illustrates the strong correspondence between the glycans in the tear and saliva of Ocular Rosacea patients
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Glycomic Analysis of Tear and Saliva in Ocular Rosacea Patients: The Search for a Biomarker
The ocular surface, 2012Co-Authors: Ana Carolina Vieira, Carlito B. Lebrilla, Sureyya Ozcan, Jae Han Kim, Mark J. MannisAbstract:The purpose of this study was to study changes in glycosylation in tear and saliva obtained from control and Ocular Rosacea patients in order to identify potential biomarkers for Rosacea. Tear fluid was collected from 51 subjects (28 healthy controls and 23 patients with Ocular Rosacea). Saliva was collected from 42 of the same subjects (25 controls and 17 patients). Pooled and individual samples were examined to determine overall glycan profiles and individual variations in glycosylation. O-and N- glycans were released from both patients and control subjects. Released glycans were purified and enriched by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with graphitized carbon. Glycans were eluted based on glycan size and polarity. SPE fractions were then analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Glycan compositions were assigned by accurate masses. Their structures were further elucidated by tandem mass spectrometric using collision-induced dissociation (CID), and specific linkage information was obtained by exoglycosidase digestion. N- and O-glycans were released from 20-mL samples without protein identification, separation, and purification. Approxi- mately 50 N-glycans and 70 O-glycans were globally profiled by mass spectrometry. Most N-glycans were highly fucosy- lated, while O-glycans were sulfated. Normal tear fluid and saliva contain highly fucosylated glycans. The numbers of sulfated glycans were dramatically increased in tear and saliva of Rosacea patients compared to controls. Glycans found in tear and saliva from roseatic patients present highly quantitative similarity. The abundance of highly fucosylated N-glycans in the control samples and sulfated O-glycans in Ocular Rosacea patient samples may lead to the discovery of an objective diagnostic marker for the disease.
Ana Carolina Vieira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Glycomic Analysis of Tea Rosacea Patients: The S
2016Co-Authors: Ana Carolina Vieira, Jae Han Kim, Carlito B. LebrillaAbstract:ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to study changes in glycosylation in tear and saliva obtained from control and Ocular Rosacea patients in order to identify potential biomarkers for Rosacea. Tear fluid was collected from 51 subjects (28 healthy controls and 23 patients with Ocular Rosacea). Saliva was collected from 42 of the same subjects (25 controls and 17 patients). Pooled and individual samples were examined to determine overall glycan profiles and individual variations in glycosylation. O-and N- glycans were Ocular signs precede characteristic skin involvement, making neous or Ocular Rosacea. No specific histologic or serologic The search for a biomarker is a long and difficult process, involving the identification of a biomolecule tha
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Characterization of novel O-glycans isolated from tear and saliva of Ocular Rosacea patients.
Journal of proteome research, 2013Co-Authors: Sureyya Ozcan, Mark J. Mannis, Ana Carolina Vieira, Gun Wook Park, Jae Han Kim, Carlito B. LebrillaAbstract:O-Glycans in saliva and tear isolated from patients suffering from Ocular Rosacea, a form of inflammatory Ocular surface disease, were profiled, and their structures were elucidated using high resolution mass spectrometry. We have previously shown that certain structures, particularly sulfated oligosaccharides, increased in the tear and saliva of Rosacea patients. In this study, the structures of these glycans were elucidated using primarily tandem mass spectrometry. There were important similarities in the glycan profiles of tears and saliva with the majority of the structures in common. The structures of the most abundant species common to both tear and saliva, which were also the most abundant species in both, were elucidated. For sulfated species, the positions of the sulfate groups were localized. The majority of the structures were new, with the sulfated glycans comprising mucin core 1- and core 2-type structures. As both saliva and tear are rich in mucins, it is suggested that the O-glycans are mai...
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Ocular Rosacea: common and commonly missed.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 2013Co-Authors: Ana Carolina Vieira, Mark J. MannisAbstract:Rosacea is a prevalent disorder that may be disfiguring and cause significant Ocular morbidity, if not diagnosed and managed appropriately. Ocular Rosacea, in particular, is often left undiagnosed as no specific test is available to confirm the diagnosis. Accurate diagnosis is further complicated because symptoms of Ocular Rosacea are not always specific to the disorder alone. Other ophthalmic disorders may present with similar findings. Further challenges exist because the severity of Ocular symptoms is often not related to the severity of cutaneous findings in Rosacea. Isolating a disease marker may facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment, and could also contribute to better understanding of disease pathogenesis. The glycomics of tear fluid and saliva in patients with Rosacea shows promise as an initial step in the search for a biomarker specific to the disease. We have previously found potentially important disease biomarkers in roseatic tear and saliva samples. Further investigation should prove important in the early stages of developing a set of markers for accurate disease identification.
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Glycomic Analysis of Tear and Saliva in Ocular Rosacea Patients: The Search for a Biomarker
The ocular surface, 2012Co-Authors: Ana Carolina Vieira, Carlito B. Lebrilla, Sureyya Ozcan, Jae Han Kim, Mark J. MannisAbstract:The purpose of this study was to study changes in glycosylation in tear and saliva obtained from control and Ocular Rosacea patients in order to identify potential biomarkers for Rosacea. Tear fluid was collected from 51 subjects (28 healthy controls and 23 patients with Ocular Rosacea). Saliva was collected from 42 of the same subjects (25 controls and 17 patients). Pooled and individual samples were examined to determine overall glycan profiles and individual variations in glycosylation. O-and N- glycans were released from both patients and control subjects. Released glycans were purified and enriched by solid-phase extraction (SPE) with graphitized carbon. Glycans were eluted based on glycan size and polarity. SPE fractions were then analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Glycan compositions were assigned by accurate masses. Their structures were further elucidated by tandem mass spectrometric using collision-induced dissociation (CID), and specific linkage information was obtained by exoglycosidase digestion. N- and O-glycans were released from 20-mL samples without protein identification, separation, and purification. Approxi- mately 50 N-glycans and 70 O-glycans were globally profiled by mass spectrometry. Most N-glycans were highly fucosy- lated, while O-glycans were sulfated. Normal tear fluid and saliva contain highly fucosylated glycans. The numbers of sulfated glycans were dramatically increased in tear and saliva of Rosacea patients compared to controls. Glycans found in tear and saliva from roseatic patients present highly quantitative similarity. The abundance of highly fucosylated N-glycans in the control samples and sulfated O-glycans in Ocular Rosacea patient samples may lead to the discovery of an objective diagnostic marker for the disease.
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Ocular Rosacea--a review.
Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia, 2012Co-Authors: Ana Carolina Vieira, Ana Luisa Hofling-lima, Mark J. MannisAbstract:Rosacea is a prevalent chronic cutaneous disorder with variable presentation and severity. Although considered a skin disease, Rosacea may evolve the eyes in 58-72% of the patients, causing eyelid and Ocular surface inflammation. About one third of the patients develop potentially sight-threatening corneal involvement. Untreated Rosacea may cause varying degrees of Ocular morbidity. The importance of early diagnosis and adequate treatment cannot be overemphasized. There is not yet a diagnostic test for Rosacea. The diagnosis of Ocular Rosacea relies on observation of clinical features, which can be challenging in up to 90% of patients in whom accompanying roseatic skin changes may be subtle or inexistent. In this review, we describe the pathophysiologic mechanisms proposed in the literature, clinical features, diagnosis and management of Ocular Rosacea, as well as discuss the need for a diagnostic test for the disease.
Timo Sorsa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tear fluid levels of MMP-8 are elevated in Ocular Rosacea—treatment effect of oral doxycycline
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2006Co-Authors: Marko Määttä, Osmo Kari, Taina Tervahartiala, Sirje Peltonen, Marjatta Kari, Matti Saari, Timo SorsaAbstract:Background Ocular Rosacea (OcR) is a chronic inflammatory disease especially affecting lid margins. Previous studies have shown that it is accompanied by increased levels and activation of tear fluid gelatinases. Matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8; collagenase 2) levels and activation are commonly elevated in many inflammatory conditions. Therefore we studied here whether MMP-8 concentration and activation in tear fluid are increased also in OcR, and if an oral doxycycline regimen could rectify the situation. Methods Tear fluid samples were collected from 22 OcR patients and 22 healthy controls. The OcR patients were then treated with an oral doxycycline regimen for 8 weeks and tear fluid samples collected again after 4 and 8 weeks. Conjunctival brush cytology and patients’ subjective symptoms were scored. MMP-8 concentrations in the tear fluid were assessed by immunofluorometric assay and the molecular forms and isoenzyme expression of MMP-8 were studied by Western immunoblotting. Results The mean MMP-8 concentration was statistically significantly higher in OcR (156.8±207.4 μg/ml) than in the normal subjects (53.5±66.7 μg/ml) ( P =0.036), but decreased to 79.2±141.6 μg/l and 53.6±75.2 μg/l after 4 and 8 weeks doxycycline treatment, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the untreated OcR and the MMP-8 results after 4 or 8 weeks of oral doxycycline ( P =0.041 and 0.069, respectively) and the OcR patients experienced statistically significant relief of their subjective symptoms ( P =0.0001) after the doxycycline regimen. Both the normal and OcR tear fluid contained the larger, 60-80 kDa highly- glycosylated polymorphonuclear leukocyte-type MMP-8 isoform in Western immunoblotting, but not the 45–55 kDa less glycosylated mesenchymal-type isoform. MMP-8 activation was in practice present only in the OcR samples, and was inhibited by oral doxycycline. Conclusions MMP-8 concentration and activation degree in tear fluid are increased in OcR, probably reflecting increased inflammatory activity. Doxycycline effectively reduces these pathologically excessive levels and activation of MMP-8, and relieves patients’ subjective symptoms.
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tear fluid levels of mmp 8 are elevated in Ocular Rosacea treatment effect of oral doxycycline
Graefes Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 2006Co-Authors: Marko Määttä, Osmo Kari, Taina Tervahartiala, Sirje Peltonen, Marjatta Kari, Matti Saari, Timo SorsaAbstract:Background Ocular Rosacea (OcR) is a chronic inflammatory disease especially affecting lid margins. Previous studies have shown that it is accompanied by increased levels and activation of tear fluid gelatinases. Matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8; collagenase 2) levels and activation are commonly elevated in many inflammatory conditions. Therefore we studied here whether MMP-8 concentration and activation in tear fluid are increased also in OcR, and if an oral doxycycline regimen could rectify the situation.
Stephen C Pflugfelder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tear fluid gelatinase b activity correlates with il 1α concentration and fluorescein clearance in Ocular Rosacea
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 1999Co-Authors: Adolfo A Afonso, Lucia Sobrin, Dagoberto Monroy, Marie G Selzer, Balakrishna L Lokeshwar, Stephen C PflugfelderAbstract:PURPOSE. To correlate tear fluorescein clearance with interleukin-1α (IL-1α) concentration and gelatinase B (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-9) activity in the tear fluid of patients with Ocular Rosacea and normal control subjects. METHODS. Gelatinase activity was evaluated by gelatin zymography in tear fluid obtained from 13 patients with Ocular Rosacea (including 1 patient with recurrent epithelial erosion, 2 with recurrent peripheral corneal infiltrates and vascularization, and 2 patients with epithelial basement membrane dystrophy) and 13 normal subjects with normal aqueous tear production and no irritation symptoms. Tear fluorescein clearance was evaluated by measuring fluorescence in tear fluid collected from the inferior meniscus 15 minutes after instillation of 5 μl of 2% Na-fluorescein with a CytoFluor II fluorometer. Pro-MMP-9 and IL-1α concentrations in the tear fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS. Compared with normal control subjects, patients with Ocular Rosacea had a greater delay of tear fluorescein clearance (P < 0.001), a higher tear IL-1α concentration (P < 0.001), and a greater pro- gelatinase B (92 kDa) activity (P < 0.001) in their tear fluid. The 84-kDa active form of gelatinase B was observed in 46% of the Rosacea tear samples and none of the controls. The zymographic results were confirmed by ELISA that showed a significantly greater concentration of pro-MMP-9 (92 kDa) in the tear fluid of Rosacea patients than controls. Delayed tear clearance was correlated with elevated tear IL-1 α concentration (ρ=0.67, P < 0.001) and increased tear gelatinase B activity (ρ=0.84, P < 0.001). Tear IL-1α concentration was correlated with tear gelatinase B activity (ρ=0.58, P < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS. Gelatinase B (MMP-9) activity is greater in patients with Ocular Rosacea than in normal eyes. The majority of this activity is due to 92-kDa proform of this enzyme. This activity is correlated with delayed tear clearance and tear fluid concentration of interleukin-1α, a proinflammatory cytokine that has been reported to stimulate gelatinase B production. Elevated gelatinase B activity in Ocular Rosacea may be involved in the pathogenesis of the irritation symptoms, recurrent epithelial erosions, vascularization, and epithelial basement membrane dystrophy that develops in the corneas of patients with this condition.
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Inflammatory Cytokines in the Tears of Patients with Ocular Rosacea
Ophthalmology, 1997Co-Authors: Keith Barton, Dagoberto Monroy, Alexandra Nava, Stephen C PflugfelderAbstract:Abstract Objective: The purpose of the study is to compare tear fluid concentrations of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in Ocular Rosacea with those in control subjects and to examine the relation between tear functions, such as production and clearance rate, and the concentrations of cytokines in tear fluid. Participants and Intervention: Fourteen patients with severe meibomian gland disease, facial Rosacea, and symptoms of Ocular irritation were examined for Ocular surface disease, tear production, and tear clearance rate (TCR). Twelve control subjects, frequency-matched for age, and 15 ideal normal subjects with no Ocular symptoms and normal tear function were assessed using the same parameters. Minimally stimulated tear samples (20 µl) were drawn from each subject and analyzed using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect IL-1α, TNF-α, and EGF. Results: Tear IL-1α concentration was significantly higher in patients with Rosacea than in age-matched ( P = 0.003) and ideal control subjects ( P P = 0.048) and ideal control subjects ( P = 0.002). Schirmer I scores were statistically lower in patients with Rosacea than in-ideal control subjects ( P = 0.013), but not age-matched control subjects. Interleukin-1α was correlated inversely with LN(TCR) ( r = −0.58, P r = −0.39, P = 0.012). Conclusions: Concentrations of IL-1α are present in normal tears but are elevated in Ocular Rosacea, whereas TNF-α is not present in either case. The reduced tear turnover, LN(TCR), its inverse correlation with IL-1α, and the absence of TNF-α in the tears of these patients suggest that the increased concentration of IL-1α observed may be largely because of clearance failure of cytokine normally produced at the Ocular surface.
