The Experts below are selected from a list of 171 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Nicolas Meunier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Early survival factor deprivation in the olfactory epithelium enhances activity-survival driven survival
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 2013Co-Authors: Adrien François, Iman Laziz, Stéphanie Rimbaud, Denise Grebert, Didier Durieux, Edith Pajot-augy, Nicolas MeunierAbstract:The neuronal olfactory epithelium undergoes permanent renewal because of environmental aggression. This renewal is partly regulated by factors modulating the level of neuronal apoptosis. Among them, we had previously characterized endothelin as neuroprotective. In this study, we explored the effect of cell survival factor deprivation in the olfactory epithelium by intranasal delivery of endothelin receptors antagonists to rat pups. This treatment induced an overall increase of apoptosis in the olfactory epithelium. The responses to odorants recorded by electroolfactogram were decreased in treated animal, a result consistent with a loss of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). However, the treated animal performed better in an olfactory orientation test based on maternal odor compared to non-treated littermates. This improved performance could be due to activity-dependent neuronal survival of OSNs in the context of increased apoptosis level. In order to demonstrate it, we odorized pups with octanal, a known ligand for the rI7 olfactory receptor (Olr226). We quantified the number of OSN expressing rI7 by RT-qPCR and whole mount in situ hybridization. While this number was reduced by the survival factor removal treatment, this reduction was abolished by the presence of its ligand. This improved survival was optimal for low concentration of odorant and was specific for rI7-expressing OSNs. Meanwhile, the number of rI7-expressing OSNs was not affected by the Odorization in non-treated littermates; showing that the activity-dependant survival of OSNs did not affect the OSN population during the 10 days of Odorization in control conditions. Overall, our study shows that when apoptosis is promoted in the olfactory mucosa, the activity-dependent neuronal plasticity allows faster tuning of the olfactory sensory neuron population toward detection of environmental odorants.
Guillaume Ferreira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Long-term effects of infant learning on adult conditioned odor aversion are determined by the last preweaning experience
Developmental Psychobiology, 2009Co-Authors: Yannick Sevelinges, Anne-marie Mouly, Frédéric Lévy, Guillaume FerreiraAbstract:We recently showed that odorizing mother's nipples from birth to weaning attenuated adult conditioned odor aversion (COA). The present study evaluated whether shorter durations of preweaning olfactory experiences could induce similar long-term effects. We first showed that late preweaning Odorization (PN13-PN25) impaired adult COA similarly to Odorization from birth to weaning (PN0-PN25) whereas early Odorization (PN0-PN12) had no effect on adult COA. As early Odorization was followed by an odorless suckling period, we evaluated whether this odorless suckling could have interfered with early associative learning. We therefore weaned the animals either immediately after early Odorization or 7 days later. Early Odorization (PN0-PN18) followed by late odorless suckling (PN19-PN25) had no effect on adult COA. However, pups with early Odorization (PN0-PN18) but without late odorless suckling (weaned at PN18) showed attenuated COA. These results support the hypothesis that interference between early and late preweaning experiences with the mother determines the long-term impact on adult COA.
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Rearing with artificially scented mothers attenuates conditioned odor aversion in adulthood but not its amygdala dependency
Behavioural Brain Research, 2009Co-Authors: Yannick Sevelinges, Anne-marie Mouly, Frédéric Lévy, Guillaume FerreiraAbstract:The aim of the present study was to investigate whether neonatal odor experience associated with the mother affects food avoidance learning and basolateral amygdala (BLA) involvement in adulthood. Odorization of mother's nipples with banana or almond solutions from birth to weaning resulted in an impairment at adulthood of conditioned odor aversion (COA). These effects were specific to the early-experienced odor since no deficit was observed for COA to a novel odor (Experiment 1). In contrast, mere exposure to an odor in the home cage instead of on mother's nipples induced no deficit in COA at adulthood (Experiment 2). Finally, transitory inactivation of the BLA during COA acquisition in adult animals impaired the normal COA of naïve animals but also the attenuated COA of rats with early odor experience on the mother (Experiment 3). These results demonstrate that neonatal odor experience associated with the mother promotes the acquisition of appetitive memories which can interfere with food avoidance learning in adulthood. They also suggest that this early experience did not modify the BLA involvement in learned aversion.
Tullett William - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Re-Odorization, disease, and emotion in mid-Nineteenth-century England
'Cambridge University Press (CUP)', 2019Co-Authors: Tullett WilliamAbstract:This article argues that smell's place in nineteenth-century medicine and public health was distinctly ambiguous. Standard narratives in the history of smell argue that smell became less important in this period whilst also arguing that urban spaces were deodorized. The causal motor for the latter shift is medical theories about odour and miasma. By contrast, this article argues that sanitary practices of circulation, ventilation, and disinfection proceeded despite, not because of, medical attitudes to smell. Surgeons and physicians argued that odours were no indicator of disease causing matter and distrusted the use of smell because of its subjective qualities and resistance to linguistic definition. Yet these qualities made smell all the more powerful in sanitary literature, where it was used to generate a powerful emotional effect on readers. Histories of smell need to attend not just to deOdorization but re-Odorization; the disjuncture between practices of smelling and their textual or visual representation; and chronologies that track the shelving and re-deploying of ways of sensing in different times, places, and communities rather than tracking the de novo emergence of a modern Western sensorium. In mid-nineteenth-century England, smell retained its power, but that power now came from its rhetorical rather than epistemological force
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Re-Odorization, disease and emotion in mid-nineteenth century England
'Cambridge University Press (CUP)', 2018Co-Authors: Tullett WilliamAbstract:This article argues that smell’s place in nineteenth-century medicine and public health was distinctly ambiguous. Standard narratives in the history of smell argue that smell became less important in this period whilst also arguing that urban spaces were deodorized. The causal motor for the latter shift is medical theories about odour and miasma. By contrast, this article argues that sanitary practices of circulation, ventilation, and disinfection proceeded despite, not because of, medical attitudes to smell. Surgeons and physicians argued that odours were no indicator of disease causing matter and distrusted the use of smell because of its subjective qualities and resistance to linguistic definition. Yet these qualities made smell all the more powerful in sanitary literature, where it was used to generate a powerful emotional effect on readers. Histories of smell need to attend not just to deOdorization but re-Odorization; the disjuncture between practices of smelling and their textual or visual representation; and chronologies that track the shelving and re-deploying of ways of sensing in different times, places, and communities rather than tracking the de novo emergence of a modern western sensorium. In mid nineteenth-century England smell retained its power, but that power now came from its rhetorical rather than epistemological force.Arts and Humanities Research Council; Past and Present Society
Walter M De Azevedo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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odor recognition systems for natural gas Odorization monitoring
International Joint Conference on Neural Network, 2012Co-Authors: Cleber Zanchettin, Leandro M Almeida, Frederico Duarte De Menezes, Teresa B Ludermir, Walter M De AzevedoAbstract:This paper presents a system consisting of physical sensors and intelligent software for the automatic identification of the concentration of natural gas odorants and details the development of the sensor and pattern recognition systems. The sensor system uses spectroscopic technology and the pattern recognition system uses wavelet and artificial neural network technology. The aim is to determine the concentration of a natural gas odorant in the environment and associate this concentration with the benchmark index, which measures the degree of human perception to the presence of gas in the environment. Experiments were conducted comparing the performance of the system with human performance, which is normally used to deal with this problem. The proposed system demonstrated promising results.
Adrien François - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Early survival factor deprivation in the olfactory epithelium enhances activity-survival driven survival
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 2013Co-Authors: Adrien François, Iman Laziz, Stéphanie Rimbaud, Denise Grebert, Didier Durieux, Edith Pajot-augy, Nicolas MeunierAbstract:The neuronal olfactory epithelium undergoes permanent renewal because of environmental aggression. This renewal is partly regulated by factors modulating the level of neuronal apoptosis. Among them, we had previously characterized endothelin as neuroprotective. In this study, we explored the effect of cell survival factor deprivation in the olfactory epithelium by intranasal delivery of endothelin receptors antagonists to rat pups. This treatment induced an overall increase of apoptosis in the olfactory epithelium. The responses to odorants recorded by electroolfactogram were decreased in treated animal, a result consistent with a loss of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). However, the treated animal performed better in an olfactory orientation test based on maternal odor compared to non-treated littermates. This improved performance could be due to activity-dependent neuronal survival of OSNs in the context of increased apoptosis level. In order to demonstrate it, we odorized pups with octanal, a known ligand for the rI7 olfactory receptor (Olr226). We quantified the number of OSN expressing rI7 by RT-qPCR and whole mount in situ hybridization. While this number was reduced by the survival factor removal treatment, this reduction was abolished by the presence of its ligand. This improved survival was optimal for low concentration of odorant and was specific for rI7-expressing OSNs. Meanwhile, the number of rI7-expressing OSNs was not affected by the Odorization in non-treated littermates; showing that the activity-dependant survival of OSNs did not affect the OSN population during the 10 days of Odorization in control conditions. Overall, our study shows that when apoptosis is promoted in the olfactory mucosa, the activity-dependent neuronal plasticity allows faster tuning of the olfactory sensory neuron population toward detection of environmental odorants.
