The Experts below are selected from a list of 1947 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Shivaji Ganesan Ramalingam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Adsorption of volatile organic compounds and regeneration of activated carbons – Development of a simulation tool
2012Co-Authors: Shivaji Ganesan RamalingamAbstract:Organic vapors emitted from solvents used in chemical / food / pharmaceutical processes, or from hydrocarbon fuel storage stations at Oil Terminals, can be efficiently captured by adsorption onto activated carbon beds. The overall objective of the research program is the experimental and simulation studies of the adsorption and regeneration steps in the case of VOC removal which accounts into industrial emissions by Temperature Swing Adsorption (TSA) and Vacuum Temperature Swing Adsorption (VTSA) processes. This is achieved by the following steps : to establish the isotherm equilibrium data for 5 VOCs and 8 activated carbons at 293, 313, 333, and 353 K (totally 120 isotherm experiments) and then use them in the simulation model; to develop a simulation model for adsorption and regeneration process; to design and optimize the experimental setup of Thermal Swing Adsorption (TSA) which has been established in Ecole des Mines de Nantes; to design and optimize the experimental setup of Vacuum Temperature Swing Adsorption processes (VTSA) which has been established in GRL ARKEMA unit ; simulation validation of experimental results of TSA and VTSA process. Once after the completion of all the objectives, the goal is to develop and launch a complete simulation package for adsorption and regeneration steps of VOCs with the co-operation from PROSIM Corporation.
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Hazardous dichloromethane recovery in combined temperature and vacuum pressure swing adsorption process.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011Co-Authors: Shivaji Ganesan Ramalingam, Jerôme Saussac, Pascaline Pre, Sylvain Giraudet, Laurence Le Coq, Pierre Le Cloirec, Serge Nicolas, Olivier Baudouin, Stéphane Déchelotte, Alice MedevielleAbstract:Organic vapors emitted from solvents used in chemical and pharmaceutical processes, or from hydrocarbon fuel storage stations at Oil Terminals, can be efficiently captured by adsorption onto activated carbon beds. To recover vapors after the adsorption step, two modes of regeneration were selected and could be possibly combined: thermal desorption by hot nitrogen flow and vacuum depressurization (VTSA). Because of ignition risks, the conditions in which the beds operate during the adsorption and regeneration steps need to be strictly controlled, as well as optimized to maintain good performances. In this work, the optimal conditions to be applied during the desorption step were determined from factorial experimental design (FED), and validated from the process simulation results. The regeneration performances were compared in terms of bed regeneration rate, concentration of recovered volatile organic compounds (VOC) and operating costs. As an example, this methodology was applied in case of dichloromethane. It has been shown that the combination of thermal and vacuum regeneration allows reaching 82% recovery of dichloromethane. Moreover, the vacuum desorption ended up in cooling the activated carbon bed from 93°C to 63°C and so that it significantly reduces the cooling time before starting a new cycle.
Petras Vaitiekūnas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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investigation of volatile organic compounds vocs emission beyond the territory of Oil Terminals during different seasons
Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 2011Co-Authors: Tatjana Paulauskienė, Vytenis Zabukas, Petras Vaitiekūnas, Audronė žukauskaitė, Valdas KvedarasAbstract:Abstract The present paper deals with an important environmental issue: air pollution with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Oil Terminals. In attempt to determine the dependence of VOCs concentration in the air on the wind speed and Oil loading intensity analyses were carried out during shorter time intervals, when the fluctuations of ambient temperature are minimal (1−3) °C. VOCs concentrations were analysed by gas chromatography method in different chosen observation posts during different seasons. A complex analysis of experimental study and impact of meteorological conditions on the air pollution was performed taking into account the Oil loading intensity in Oil Terminals and the types of loaded Oil products. A new indicator was introduced for the analysis of the obtained results—a loading indicator that characterizes the amount and type of handled products as well as the number and type of operations carried out in the terminal. The dependence of the change of VOCs concentration on the loading in...
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Investigation of volatile organic compound (VOC) emission in Oil terminal storage tank parks
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT, 2009Co-Authors: Tatjana Paulauskiene, Vytenis Zabukas, Petras VaitiekūnasAbstract:Abstract The problem of VOC volatilization into the atmosphere from Oil Terminals is discussed in the paper. Investigation of VOC concentration in an Oil terminal was performed in characterized spots of the main pollutant concentration ‐ in storage tank parks of light and heavy Oil products. A complex analysis of the impact of meteorological elements, Oil‐product‐storage tank construction, the level of filling storage tanks with Oil products on the emissions of VOCs in Oil Terminals and adjacent territories is provided in the paper. The dependence of VOC concentration on the following parameters of the construction of storage tanks was analysed: the capacity of storage tanks, the insulation between the wall of a storage tank and peculiarities of the pontoon construction (single, double, triple insulation). The results of the investigation may be applied for the development and improvement of the VOC calculation method (LAND 31–2007/M‐11), reduction of VOC emissions in the existing Oil Terminals and when d...
M. L. Eskijian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Implementation of new regulations for marine Oil Terminals in California
Ports 2010, 2010Co-Authors: M. L. EskijianAbstract:There is an aging infrastructure of marine Oil Terminals (MOTs)in California, many over 50 years old. Most of these structures were built with little or no consideration for seismic loading and the current state of repair is generally poor. Along with the increased seismic risk is the possibility of massive amounts of Oil to be spilled in California's ports or in the San Francisco Bay. Also, these structures were designed for much smaller vessels than are currently calling, and thus mooring and fender loads are significantly higher today than the original design. In 2006, a new chapter of the California Building Code "Marine Oil Terminals Engineering and Maintenance Standards" (MOTEMS), created by the California State Lands Commission (CSLC) became enforceable. The initial step of this enforceable standard requires the submission of an "audit" that includes an assessment of the structural fitness-for-purpose and an evaluation of the adequacy of mooring/berthing, piping, mechanical/electrical and fire systems. To date, eleven marine Oil Terminals have submitted their initial audits and rehabilitation has been scheduled. Rehabilitation proceeds on a schedule mutually agreed upon by the operator and the CSLC. Implementation ranges from quick fixes for some deficiencies to major structural rehabilitation projects requiring years to complete. For mooring and berthing, the current condition of the terminal is used to determine safe operating conditions. For fender systems, if they do not meet the MOTEMS criteria with specific impact velocities, the capacity of the existing system is determined, and a back-calculated impact velocity obtained. In this situation, the operator must enforce this maximum allowable impact velocity, with aids such as laser devices. For the case of moorings, if the hooks, bollards, bitts, etc. cannot withstand the 25 year return period wind criteria of MOTEMS, a reduced wind speed is calculated, based on the capacities of the various mooring points and the structural capacity of the wharf/pier. The operator must monitor wind speed and direction, to ensure that 30 second gusts do not exceed this calculated value. For the seismic demand, in most cases major structural rehabilitation is required and is scheduled for completion over a number of years; normal operations continue without any restrictions. The paper will describe some of these issues, solutions and details of structural rehabilitation used to bring a uniform level of "fitness-for-purpose" to geriatric marine Oil Terminals in California. Copyright 2010 ASCE.
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Seismic Screening and Requalification of Marine Oil Terminals in California
TCLEE 2009, 2009Co-Authors: M. L. EskijianAbstract:There is an infrastructure of marine Oil Terminals in California, with an average age of over 50 years. Historically, there has been no consideration for the increased seismic risk and the possibility of massive amounts of Oil to be spilled in California's ports or in San Francisco Bay. Most of these structures were built with little or no consideration for seismic loading and the current state of repair is generally poor. Additionally, the petroleum pipelines have never been analyzed for the displacement motion associated with the seismic demand. As these structures were inspected above the water line for many years by the California State Lands Commission (CSLC), operators/owners were in no rush to make any improvements. As a result of the 1994 Northridge Earthquake, a federal hazard mitigation grant was given to the CSLC to develop standards to mitigate future damage to port/harbor pile-supported structures. The code was completed in 2006, and is primarily for marine Oil Terminals, but is generally applicable to port/harbor pile supported wharves or piers. This new set of standards is Section 31F of the California Building Code and is now enforceable. An initial group of 10 high risk Terminals have submitted their initial audits, documenting the structural condition, above and below the water line, along with plans for seismic rehabilitation. A fitness-for-purpose criterion not only provides inspection results, but also provides a structural assessment, as to whether or not the facility will meet the performance standard of two levels of seismic demand. These initial 10 Terminals are in high seismic zones, and the seismic demand for a Level 1 earthquake is 50% probability of excedance in 50 years, and for a Level 2, the standard is a 10% probability of excedance in 50 years. This paper will provide summary results of some of these Terminals, providing a general description of how they were modified to meet the seismic criteria, with minimum down-time.
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Marine Oil Terminal Engineering and Maintenance Standards (MOTEMS)
New Horizons and Better Practices, 2007Co-Authors: M. L. EskijianAbstract:A set of engineering standards has been completed for the design and maintenance of marine Oil Terminals. These “Marine Oil Terminal Engineering and Maintenance Standards (MOTEMS) became regulatory in February 2006. The Standards were developed by the Marine Facilities Division of the California State Lands Commission and include criteria for above and under water inspection, structural (and seismic) rehabilitation, as well as new design, fire, piping, mechanical and electrical systems. These standards address both new Terminals or new components as well as existing facilities.
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Mitigation of seismic and meteorological hazards to marine Oil Terminals and other pier and wharf structures in California
Natural Hazards, 2006Co-Authors: M. L. EskijianAbstract:For the past 12 years, the California State Lands Commission has been involved in the operational monitoring, structural inspection and requalification of 45 marine Oil Terminals along California’s coast, which have an average age of about 50 years and plans to keep these structures in service for another 20–40 years. Having seen the port and harbor damage from the 1995 Kobe and 1999 Izmit earthquakes, the potential for a major disruption in petroleum product production is real. Losing the daily gasoline production for a period of weeks or months as a result of a moderate earthquake or tsunami could significantly affect the economic well being of California and much of the western United States. In addition, a major Oil spill resulting from such an event could cause the closure of a major port for days or even weeks. Such a closure would further affect the economy of California and the United States. Most of these facilities were designed to primitive seismic standards and for vessels much smaller than those currently moored. Many of these structures have never had a comprehensive underwater inspection. Wind and current forces on large tank ships can cause mooring lines to break or cause serious structural damage to supporting structures. In California, non-regulatory progress has been made in the following areas: (i) underwater and above water inspections or audits; (ii) mooring analyses and structural/environmental monitoring in high velocity current areas; (iii) seismic analyses and structural rehabilitation with updated seismic hazard data; and (iv) accelerometers on marine structures. In addition, standards have been developed and are proposed to be regulatory by early 2004. The new standards include most of the items listed above, but also extend into many other areas. Along with the proposed regulations come many issues that raise economic and political questions. These issues are not unique to marine Oil Terminals and are applicable to other pier and wharf structures in harbors.
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Engineering Standards for Marine Oil Terminals and Other Natural Hazard Threats
Submarine Landslides and Tsunamis, 2003Co-Authors: M. L. Eskijian, R. E. Heffron, T. DahlgrenAbstract:Marine Oil Terminals, when inadequately designed or maintained can pose a significant risk to public safety, and the environment. Natural hazard threats such as earthquakes, high winds, and excessive currents from runoff, and tsunamis should be considered for both new and existing Terminals Damage to or collapse of a wharf or pier carrying pipelines may result in an Oil spill. In order to protect the public health, safety, and the environment, the California legislature passed the Lempert-Keene-Seastrand Oil Spill Prevention and Response Act in 1990 (the Act). The Marine Facilities Division was formed to implement the Act. It soon became obvious that there were no rehabilitation or upgrade standards for these aging facilities. Significantly, seismic standards did not exist when the vast majority of the facilities were built. The new comprehensive engineering standards developed specifically for Marine Oil Terminals in the U.S. The standards fulfill the mandate of providing regulations for the performance standards of marine Oil Terminals, to minimize the possibilities of a discharge of Oil. In this study the criteria defined by standards, seismic analysis of design criteria, mooring loads for the marine Oil Terminals are presented. However, much of the criterion is equally applicable to other types of marine structures. It is expected that these standards will form the basis for similar standards developed for other state, federal, and international regulatory agencies.
Alice Medevielle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hazardous dichloromethane recovery in combined temperature and vacuum pressure swing adsorption process.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011Co-Authors: Shivaji Ganesan Ramalingam, Jerôme Saussac, Pascaline Pre, Sylvain Giraudet, Laurence Le Coq, Pierre Le Cloirec, Serge Nicolas, Olivier Baudouin, Stéphane Déchelotte, Alice MedevielleAbstract:Organic vapors emitted from solvents used in chemical and pharmaceutical processes, or from hydrocarbon fuel storage stations at Oil Terminals, can be efficiently captured by adsorption onto activated carbon beds. To recover vapors after the adsorption step, two modes of regeneration were selected and could be possibly combined: thermal desorption by hot nitrogen flow and vacuum depressurization (VTSA). Because of ignition risks, the conditions in which the beds operate during the adsorption and regeneration steps need to be strictly controlled, as well as optimized to maintain good performances. In this work, the optimal conditions to be applied during the desorption step were determined from factorial experimental design (FED), and validated from the process simulation results. The regeneration performances were compared in terms of bed regeneration rate, concentration of recovered volatile organic compounds (VOC) and operating costs. As an example, this methodology was applied in case of dichloromethane. It has been shown that the combination of thermal and vacuum regeneration allows reaching 82% recovery of dichloromethane. Moreover, the vacuum desorption ended up in cooling the activated carbon bed from 93°C to 63°C and so that it significantly reduces the cooling time before starting a new cycle.
Vytenis Zabukas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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investigation of volatile organic compounds vocs emission beyond the territory of Oil Terminals during different seasons
Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 2011Co-Authors: Tatjana Paulauskienė, Vytenis Zabukas, Petras Vaitiekūnas, Audronė žukauskaitė, Valdas KvedarasAbstract:Abstract The present paper deals with an important environmental issue: air pollution with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Oil Terminals. In attempt to determine the dependence of VOCs concentration in the air on the wind speed and Oil loading intensity analyses were carried out during shorter time intervals, when the fluctuations of ambient temperature are minimal (1−3) °C. VOCs concentrations were analysed by gas chromatography method in different chosen observation posts during different seasons. A complex analysis of experimental study and impact of meteorological conditions on the air pollution was performed taking into account the Oil loading intensity in Oil Terminals and the types of loaded Oil products. A new indicator was introduced for the analysis of the obtained results—a loading indicator that characterizes the amount and type of handled products as well as the number and type of operations carried out in the terminal. The dependence of the change of VOCs concentration on the loading in...
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Investigation of volatile organic compound (VOC) emission in Oil terminal storage tank parks
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT, 2009Co-Authors: Tatjana Paulauskiene, Vytenis Zabukas, Petras VaitiekūnasAbstract:Abstract The problem of VOC volatilization into the atmosphere from Oil Terminals is discussed in the paper. Investigation of VOC concentration in an Oil terminal was performed in characterized spots of the main pollutant concentration ‐ in storage tank parks of light and heavy Oil products. A complex analysis of the impact of meteorological elements, Oil‐product‐storage tank construction, the level of filling storage tanks with Oil products on the emissions of VOCs in Oil Terminals and adjacent territories is provided in the paper. The dependence of VOC concentration on the following parameters of the construction of storage tanks was analysed: the capacity of storage tanks, the insulation between the wall of a storage tank and peculiarities of the pontoon construction (single, double, triple insulation). The results of the investigation may be applied for the development and improvement of the VOC calculation method (LAND 31–2007/M‐11), reduction of VOC emissions in the existing Oil Terminals and when d...
