The Experts below are selected from a list of 306 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Emmanuel Sander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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CogSci - The nature of quantities influences the representation of arithmetic problems: evidence from drawings and solving procedures in children and adults
Cognitive Science, 2017Co-Authors: Hippolyte Gros, Jean-pierre Thibaut, Emmanuel SanderAbstract:When solving arithmetic problems, semantic factors influence the representations built (Gamo, Sander & Richard, 2010). In order to specify such interpretative processes, we created structurally isomorphic word problems that could be solved with two distinct algorithms. We tested whether a Distinction between cardinal and ordinal quantities would lead solvers, due to their daily-life knowledge, to build different representations, influencing their strategies as well as the nature of their drawings. We compared 5th grade children and adults in order to assess the validity of this hypothesis with participants of varying arithmetic proficiency. The results confirmed that the Distinction between cardinal and ordinal situations led to different solving strategies and to different drawings among both age groups. This study supports the Ontological Distinction of cardinal versus ordinal quantities and calls for the consideration of the role of daily-life semantics when accounting for arithmetic problem solving processes.
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The nature of quantities influences the representation of arithmetic problems: evidence from drawings and solving procedures in children and adults
2017Co-Authors: Hippolyte Gros, Jean-pierre Thibaut, Emmanuel SanderAbstract:When solving arithmetic problems, semantic factors influence the representations built (Gamo, Sander & Richard, 2010). In order to specify such interpretative processes, we created structurally isomorphic word problems that could be solved with two distinct algorithms. We tested whether a Distinction between cardinal and ordinal quantities would lead solvers, due to their daily-life knowledge, to build different representations, influencing their strategies as well as the nature of their drawings. We compared 5th grade children and adults in order to assess the validity of this hypothesis with participants of varying arithmetic proficiency. The results confirmed that the Distinction between cardinal and ordinal situations led to different solving strategies and to different drawings among both age groups. This study supports the Ontological Distinction of cardinal versus ordinal quantities and calls for the consideration of the role of daily-life semantics when accounting for arithmetic problem solving processes.
Reiko Mazuka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Language-relative construal of individuation constrained by universal ontology: Revisiting language universals and linguistic relativity
Cognitive science, 2007Co-Authors: Mutsumi Imai, Reiko MazukaAbstract:Objects and substances bear fundamentally different ontologies. In this article, we examine the relations between language, the Ontological Distinction with respect to individuation, and the world. Specifically, in cross-linguistic developmental studies that follow Imai and Gentner (1997), we examine the question of whether language influences our thought in different forms, like (1) whether the language-specific construal of entities found in a word extension context (Imai & Gentner, 1997) is also found in a nonlinguistic classification context; (2) whether the presence of labels per se, independent of the count-mass syntax, fosters ontology-based classification; (3) in what way, if at all, the count-mass syntax that accompanies a label changes English speakers' default construal of a given entity? On the basis of the results, we argue that the Ontological Distinction concerning individuation is universally shared and functions as a constraint on early learning of words. At the same time, language influences one's construal of entities cross-lingistically and developmentally, and causes a temporary change of construal within a single language. We provide a detailed discussion of how each of these three ways language may affect the construal of entities, and discuss how our universally possessed knowledge interacts with language both within a single language and in cross-linguistic context.
Hippolyte Gros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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CogSci - The nature of quantities influences the representation of arithmetic problems: evidence from drawings and solving procedures in children and adults
Cognitive Science, 2017Co-Authors: Hippolyte Gros, Jean-pierre Thibaut, Emmanuel SanderAbstract:When solving arithmetic problems, semantic factors influence the representations built (Gamo, Sander & Richard, 2010). In order to specify such interpretative processes, we created structurally isomorphic word problems that could be solved with two distinct algorithms. We tested whether a Distinction between cardinal and ordinal quantities would lead solvers, due to their daily-life knowledge, to build different representations, influencing their strategies as well as the nature of their drawings. We compared 5th grade children and adults in order to assess the validity of this hypothesis with participants of varying arithmetic proficiency. The results confirmed that the Distinction between cardinal and ordinal situations led to different solving strategies and to different drawings among both age groups. This study supports the Ontological Distinction of cardinal versus ordinal quantities and calls for the consideration of the role of daily-life semantics when accounting for arithmetic problem solving processes.
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The nature of quantities influences the representation of arithmetic problems: evidence from drawings and solving procedures in children and adults
2017Co-Authors: Hippolyte Gros, Jean-pierre Thibaut, Emmanuel SanderAbstract:When solving arithmetic problems, semantic factors influence the representations built (Gamo, Sander & Richard, 2010). In order to specify such interpretative processes, we created structurally isomorphic word problems that could be solved with two distinct algorithms. We tested whether a Distinction between cardinal and ordinal quantities would lead solvers, due to their daily-life knowledge, to build different representations, influencing their strategies as well as the nature of their drawings. We compared 5th grade children and adults in order to assess the validity of this hypothesis with participants of varying arithmetic proficiency. The results confirmed that the Distinction between cardinal and ordinal situations led to different solving strategies and to different drawings among both age groups. This study supports the Ontological Distinction of cardinal versus ordinal quantities and calls for the consideration of the role of daily-life semantics when accounting for arithmetic problem solving processes.
Christopher Hutton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the self and the monkey selfie law integrationism and the nature of the first order second order Distinction
Language Sciences, 2017Co-Authors: Christopher HuttonAbstract:Abstract This paper discusses the Distinction between first-order and second-order, understood as either an analytical or an Ontological Distinction. The Distinction is shown to index an open-ended series of dualities, such as between action and reflection, event and category, instance and abstraction, variant and invariant, utterance and system-unit, language and meta-language, non-reflexive and reflexive. It is argued that debates about the first-order/second-order Distinction ultimately implicate different models of the self, and that our understanding of the Distinction depends crucially on notions such as self-insight, self-awareness and agency. In order to focus the discussion, the paper explores these issues in the domain of law, focusing on jurisprudential understandings of how non-human animals and human beings, systems and individuals, machines and people are held to differ. Law directs its reasoning to solving particular practical problems, yet it must make decisions which draw on particular intellectual or ideological positions.
Thomas Bittner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A qualitative formalization of built environments
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2000Co-Authors: Thomas BittnerAbstract:In this paper 1 argue that a qualitative formalization of built environments needs to take into account: (1) the Ontological Distinction between bonafide and fiat boundaries and objects, (2) the different character of constraints on relations involving these different kinds of boundaries and objects, (3) the Distinction between partition forming and non-partition forming objects, and (4) the fundamental organizational structure of regional partitions. I discuss the notion of boundary sensitive rough location and show that a formalization based on this notion takes all these points into account.
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DEXA - A Qualitative Formalization of Built Environments
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2000Co-Authors: Thomas BittnerAbstract:In this paper I argue that a qualitative formalization of built environments needs to take into account: (1) the Ontological Distinction between bonafide and fiat boundaries and objects, (2) the different character of constraints on relations involving these different kinds of boundaries and objects, (3) the Distinction between partition forming and non-partition forming objects, and (4) the fundamental organizational structure of regional partitions. I discuss the notion of boundary sensitive rough location and show that a formalization based on this notion takes all these points into account.
