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Talal F. Yusaf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A REVIEW OF MILD COMBUSTION AND Open Furnace DESIGN CONSIDERATION
    International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 2012
    Co-Authors: M. M. Noor, Andrew P Wandel, Talal F. Yusaf
    Abstract:

    Combustion is still very important to generate energy. Moderate or Intense Low-oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion is one of the best new technologies for clean and efficient combustion. MILD combustion has been proven to be a promising combustion technology in industrial applications with decreased energy consumption due to the uniformity of its temperature distribution. It is clean compared to traditional combustion due to producing low NOx and CO emissions. This article provides a review and discussion of recent research and developments in MILD. The issue and applications are summarized, with some suggestions presented on the upgrading and application of MILD in the future. Currently MILD combustion has been successfully applied in closed Furnaces. The preheating of supply air is no longer required since the re-circulation inside the enclosed Furnace already self-preheats the supply air and self-dilutes the oxygen in the combustion chamber. The possibility of using Open Furnace MILD combustion will be reviewed. The design consideration for Open Furnace with exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR) was discussed.

  • Numerical investigation of influence of air and fuel dilution for Open Furnace MILD combustion burner
    2012
    Co-Authors: M. M. Noor, Andrew P Wandel, Talal F. Yusaf
    Abstract:

    Climate change and greenhouse gases (GHG) have become one of the priorities for today's intergovernmental issues. Reducing pollution and recycling the GHG are new challenges for the combustion community. The new technology Moderate or Intense Low oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion is one of the best alternatives for high thermal efficiency and low pollution combustion. This paper discusses the modelling of MILD combustion in an Open Furnace using FLUENT. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) was utilised to increase the combustion thermal efficiency by the reuse of the heat in the flue gas. The combustion chamber is enclosed to capture the flue gas for EGR. The oxygen dilution and pre-heating of the oxidiser which are vital for operating in the MILD regime can be achieved by utilising EGR. The top of the chamber will be the Opening for exhaust gas release. The ratios of EGR, fuel and air inlet velocity were numerically studied for their effect on achieving MILD combustion in an Open Furnace. Higher dilution ratios produce lower NOx emissions and more readily achieve the MILD condition.

  • The Study of Air Fuel Ratio for Open Furnace MILD Combustion of Biogas on Bluff-body Burner
    2012
    Co-Authors: M. M. Noor, Andrew P Wandel, Talal F. Yusaf
    Abstract:

    Economical fuel cost is very critical in the heating industry. Lean combustion with high air fuel ratio (AFR) is normally practiced by the industry. Low air fuel ratio or rich combustion will result in unburned hydrocarbons (UHC). UHC is a waste and pollution to the environment. This paper discussed on the modelling of air fuel ratio for the moderate and intense low oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion of biogas on bluff-body burner. Biogas is a low calorific value (LCV) gas which was formulated by using 50% methane, 20% hydrogen and 30% carbon dioxide. AFR is the ratio of air and fuel injected to the combustion chamber. Nozzle outlet size for air and fuel plays important role to determine AFR. In this study, the air and fuel nozzle size ratio used is 23:1. The AFR will be evaluated based on the UHC produced by the combustion. Stoichiometric AFR occurred when zero UHC and zero excess oxygen flow through the EGR pipe. The result shows that when AFR is 4.0, zero UHC was detected in the EGR. UHC in EGR will be waste and create unwanted combustion at the wrong location.

  • Investigation of Biogas Moderate or Intense Low Oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion on Open Furnace bluff-body burner
    2012
    Co-Authors: M. M. Noor, Andrew P Wandel, Talal F. Yusaf
    Abstract:

    Current energy production was mainly by combustion of fossil fuel and even small improvement of the combustion process will impact to energy cost and pollution reduction. MILD Combustion is one of the new technology to increase thermal efficiency and reduce NOx pollution. The numerical work has been done to simulate the MILD combustion and analyse the parameters to achieve MILD combustion in Open Furnace bluff-body burner. Result shows MILD combustion was achieved for Open Furnace bluff-body burner.

  • MILD Combustion: A Technical Review Towards Open Furnace Combustion
    2012
    Co-Authors: M. M. Noor, Andrew P Wandel, Talal F. Yusaf
    Abstract:

    Moderate or Intense Low oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion is one of the best alternative new technologies for clean and efficient combustion. MILD combustion has been proven to be a promising combustion technology for industrial applications with decreased energy consumption due to the uniformity of temperature distribution, also producing low NOx and CO emissions. This article provides a review and discussion of the recent research and development in MILD. Furthermore, the problems and focuses are summarized with some suggestions and therefore presented on upgrading an application of MILD in the future. Currently MILD combustion has been applied in closed Furnace. For closed Furnace, the preheating supply air is no longer required since the recirculation inside the enclosed Furnace will self preheats the supply air and self dilutes the oxygen in the combustion chamber. The possibility of using Open Furnace MILD combustion was discussed and reviewed.

M. M. Noor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A REVIEW OF MILD COMBUSTION AND Open Furnace DESIGN CONSIDERATION
    International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 2012
    Co-Authors: M. M. Noor, Andrew P Wandel, Talal F. Yusaf
    Abstract:

    Combustion is still very important to generate energy. Moderate or Intense Low-oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion is one of the best new technologies for clean and efficient combustion. MILD combustion has been proven to be a promising combustion technology in industrial applications with decreased energy consumption due to the uniformity of its temperature distribution. It is clean compared to traditional combustion due to producing low NOx and CO emissions. This article provides a review and discussion of recent research and developments in MILD. The issue and applications are summarized, with some suggestions presented on the upgrading and application of MILD in the future. Currently MILD combustion has been successfully applied in closed Furnaces. The preheating of supply air is no longer required since the re-circulation inside the enclosed Furnace already self-preheats the supply air and self-dilutes the oxygen in the combustion chamber. The possibility of using Open Furnace MILD combustion will be reviewed. The design consideration for Open Furnace with exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR) was discussed.

  • Numerical investigation of influence of air and fuel dilution for Open Furnace MILD combustion burner
    2012
    Co-Authors: M. M. Noor, Andrew P Wandel, Talal F. Yusaf
    Abstract:

    Climate change and greenhouse gases (GHG) have become one of the priorities for today's intergovernmental issues. Reducing pollution and recycling the GHG are new challenges for the combustion community. The new technology Moderate or Intense Low oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion is one of the best alternatives for high thermal efficiency and low pollution combustion. This paper discusses the modelling of MILD combustion in an Open Furnace using FLUENT. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) was utilised to increase the combustion thermal efficiency by the reuse of the heat in the flue gas. The combustion chamber is enclosed to capture the flue gas for EGR. The oxygen dilution and pre-heating of the oxidiser which are vital for operating in the MILD regime can be achieved by utilising EGR. The top of the chamber will be the Opening for exhaust gas release. The ratios of EGR, fuel and air inlet velocity were numerically studied for their effect on achieving MILD combustion in an Open Furnace. Higher dilution ratios produce lower NOx emissions and more readily achieve the MILD condition.

  • The Study of Air Fuel Ratio for Open Furnace MILD Combustion of Biogas on Bluff-body Burner
    2012
    Co-Authors: M. M. Noor, Andrew P Wandel, Talal F. Yusaf
    Abstract:

    Economical fuel cost is very critical in the heating industry. Lean combustion with high air fuel ratio (AFR) is normally practiced by the industry. Low air fuel ratio or rich combustion will result in unburned hydrocarbons (UHC). UHC is a waste and pollution to the environment. This paper discussed on the modelling of air fuel ratio for the moderate and intense low oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion of biogas on bluff-body burner. Biogas is a low calorific value (LCV) gas which was formulated by using 50% methane, 20% hydrogen and 30% carbon dioxide. AFR is the ratio of air and fuel injected to the combustion chamber. Nozzle outlet size for air and fuel plays important role to determine AFR. In this study, the air and fuel nozzle size ratio used is 23:1. The AFR will be evaluated based on the UHC produced by the combustion. Stoichiometric AFR occurred when zero UHC and zero excess oxygen flow through the EGR pipe. The result shows that when AFR is 4.0, zero UHC was detected in the EGR. UHC in EGR will be waste and create unwanted combustion at the wrong location.

  • Investigation of Biogas Moderate or Intense Low Oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion on Open Furnace bluff-body burner
    2012
    Co-Authors: M. M. Noor, Andrew P Wandel, Talal F. Yusaf
    Abstract:

    Current energy production was mainly by combustion of fossil fuel and even small improvement of the combustion process will impact to energy cost and pollution reduction. MILD Combustion is one of the new technology to increase thermal efficiency and reduce NOx pollution. The numerical work has been done to simulate the MILD combustion and analyse the parameters to achieve MILD combustion in Open Furnace bluff-body burner. Result shows MILD combustion was achieved for Open Furnace bluff-body burner.

  • MILD Combustion: A Technical Review Towards Open Furnace Combustion
    2012
    Co-Authors: M. M. Noor, Andrew P Wandel, Talal F. Yusaf
    Abstract:

    Moderate or Intense Low oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion is one of the best alternative new technologies for clean and efficient combustion. MILD combustion has been proven to be a promising combustion technology for industrial applications with decreased energy consumption due to the uniformity of temperature distribution, also producing low NOx and CO emissions. This article provides a review and discussion of the recent research and development in MILD. Furthermore, the problems and focuses are summarized with some suggestions and therefore presented on upgrading an application of MILD in the future. Currently MILD combustion has been applied in closed Furnace. For closed Furnace, the preheating supply air is no longer required since the recirculation inside the enclosed Furnace will self preheats the supply air and self dilutes the oxygen in the combustion chamber. The possibility of using Open Furnace MILD combustion was discussed and reviewed.

Andrew P Wandel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A REVIEW OF MILD COMBUSTION AND Open Furnace DESIGN CONSIDERATION
    International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, 2012
    Co-Authors: M. M. Noor, Andrew P Wandel, Talal F. Yusaf
    Abstract:

    Combustion is still very important to generate energy. Moderate or Intense Low-oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion is one of the best new technologies for clean and efficient combustion. MILD combustion has been proven to be a promising combustion technology in industrial applications with decreased energy consumption due to the uniformity of its temperature distribution. It is clean compared to traditional combustion due to producing low NOx and CO emissions. This article provides a review and discussion of recent research and developments in MILD. The issue and applications are summarized, with some suggestions presented on the upgrading and application of MILD in the future. Currently MILD combustion has been successfully applied in closed Furnaces. The preheating of supply air is no longer required since the re-circulation inside the enclosed Furnace already self-preheats the supply air and self-dilutes the oxygen in the combustion chamber. The possibility of using Open Furnace MILD combustion will be reviewed. The design consideration for Open Furnace with exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR) was discussed.

  • Numerical investigation of influence of air and fuel dilution for Open Furnace MILD combustion burner
    2012
    Co-Authors: M. M. Noor, Andrew P Wandel, Talal F. Yusaf
    Abstract:

    Climate change and greenhouse gases (GHG) have become one of the priorities for today's intergovernmental issues. Reducing pollution and recycling the GHG are new challenges for the combustion community. The new technology Moderate or Intense Low oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion is one of the best alternatives for high thermal efficiency and low pollution combustion. This paper discusses the modelling of MILD combustion in an Open Furnace using FLUENT. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) was utilised to increase the combustion thermal efficiency by the reuse of the heat in the flue gas. The combustion chamber is enclosed to capture the flue gas for EGR. The oxygen dilution and pre-heating of the oxidiser which are vital for operating in the MILD regime can be achieved by utilising EGR. The top of the chamber will be the Opening for exhaust gas release. The ratios of EGR, fuel and air inlet velocity were numerically studied for their effect on achieving MILD combustion in an Open Furnace. Higher dilution ratios produce lower NOx emissions and more readily achieve the MILD condition.

  • The Study of Air Fuel Ratio for Open Furnace MILD Combustion of Biogas on Bluff-body Burner
    2012
    Co-Authors: M. M. Noor, Andrew P Wandel, Talal F. Yusaf
    Abstract:

    Economical fuel cost is very critical in the heating industry. Lean combustion with high air fuel ratio (AFR) is normally practiced by the industry. Low air fuel ratio or rich combustion will result in unburned hydrocarbons (UHC). UHC is a waste and pollution to the environment. This paper discussed on the modelling of air fuel ratio for the moderate and intense low oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion of biogas on bluff-body burner. Biogas is a low calorific value (LCV) gas which was formulated by using 50% methane, 20% hydrogen and 30% carbon dioxide. AFR is the ratio of air and fuel injected to the combustion chamber. Nozzle outlet size for air and fuel plays important role to determine AFR. In this study, the air and fuel nozzle size ratio used is 23:1. The AFR will be evaluated based on the UHC produced by the combustion. Stoichiometric AFR occurred when zero UHC and zero excess oxygen flow through the EGR pipe. The result shows that when AFR is 4.0, zero UHC was detected in the EGR. UHC in EGR will be waste and create unwanted combustion at the wrong location.

  • Investigation of Biogas Moderate or Intense Low Oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion on Open Furnace bluff-body burner
    2012
    Co-Authors: M. M. Noor, Andrew P Wandel, Talal F. Yusaf
    Abstract:

    Current energy production was mainly by combustion of fossil fuel and even small improvement of the combustion process will impact to energy cost and pollution reduction. MILD Combustion is one of the new technology to increase thermal efficiency and reduce NOx pollution. The numerical work has been done to simulate the MILD combustion and analyse the parameters to achieve MILD combustion in Open Furnace bluff-body burner. Result shows MILD combustion was achieved for Open Furnace bluff-body burner.

  • MILD Combustion: A Technical Review Towards Open Furnace Combustion
    2012
    Co-Authors: M. M. Noor, Andrew P Wandel, Talal F. Yusaf
    Abstract:

    Moderate or Intense Low oxygen Dilution (MILD) combustion is one of the best alternative new technologies for clean and efficient combustion. MILD combustion has been proven to be a promising combustion technology for industrial applications with decreased energy consumption due to the uniformity of temperature distribution, also producing low NOx and CO emissions. This article provides a review and discussion of the recent research and development in MILD. Furthermore, the problems and focuses are summarized with some suggestions and therefore presented on upgrading an application of MILD in the future. Currently MILD combustion has been applied in closed Furnace. For closed Furnace, the preheating supply air is no longer required since the recirculation inside the enclosed Furnace will self preheats the supply air and self dilutes the oxygen in the combustion chamber. The possibility of using Open Furnace MILD combustion was discussed and reviewed.

C. Saragovi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Oxidation of the hexagonal Zr(Cr0.4Fe0.6)2 Laves phase
    Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2004
    Co-Authors: P. B. Bozzano, P. Vázquez, F. Saporiti, C. Ramos, R. Versaci, C. Saragovi
    Abstract:

    Abstract The hexagonal (C14-type) Laves phase Zr(Cr 0.40 Fe 0.60 ) 2 when oxidized in an Open Furnace was studied by X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy techniques. Oxidation modified part of the original Laves phase and Zr oxides, Cr oxides, α-Cr, (Fe, Cr) oxides, α-Fe and α-Fe 2 O 3 appeared. The behaviour of these phases, particularly the Fe-bearing phases, is described in detail through a two stage process (stage I from 0 to ∼7 wt% O 2 and stage II up to 22 wt% O 2 ). A very small amount of O 2 (stage I) is enough to induce the formation of α-Fe upon oxidation, sustaining a model previously suggested for the oxidation of the Laves phases. This α-Fe is highly Cr-substituted. Oxidation proceeds through the increasing presence of α-Fe 2 O 3 and through the structural evolution of Zr oxides (formation of monoclinic, tetragonal and cubic ZrO 2 ).

  • Characterization of the Laves Phases Zr(Cr,Fe)_2 Oxidized in an Open Furnace Using Mössbauer Spectroscopy
    Hyperfine Interactions, 2002
    Co-Authors: F. Saporiti, P. B. Bozzano, P. Vázquez, C. Ramos, R. Versaci, I. Raspini, C. Saragovi
    Abstract:

    Three Laves phases Zr(Cr_0.40Fe_0.60)_2, Zr(Cr_0.95Fe_0.05)_2 and Zr(Cr_0.15Fe_0.85)_2 were characterized when oxidized 7 min using Analytical Electron Microscopy (AEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) techniques. The first sample occurs as a hexagonal structure (C14) the other two as cubic (C15) structures. Oxidation modified them but their corresponding Laves phases still, remained. Besides, Zr_2− x O_ x , Cr oxides, α-Cr, (Fe, Cr) oxides, α-Fe and α-Fe_2O_3 were formed in the Fe-rich samples at variance of the Cr-rich one, in which α-Fe and α-Fe_2O_3 were absent. The appearance of α-Fe supported the model previously suggested for the oxidation of the Laves phases. Results also suggested that future oxidation times have to be chosen accordingly to the composition of the Laves phases to follow stages of their oxidation.

  • The Effect of Short Oxidation Time on Zr (Fe,Cr) 2 Laves Phases
    Hyperfine Interactions (C), 2002
    Co-Authors: P. B. Bozzano, P. Vázquez, F. Saporiti, C. Ramos, R. Versaci, C. Saragovi
    Abstract:

    Two Laves phases Zr (Cr0.40 Fe0.60)2 ((C14) hexagonal structure) and Zr(Cr0.15 Fe0.85)2 ((C15) cubic structure) when oxidized 3 minutes in an Open Furnace were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Mossbauer Spectroscopy (MS) techniques. Oxidation modified them but part of the original Laves phases remained. Zr2−xOx, Cr oxides, α-Cr, (Fe, Cr) oxides, α-Fe and α-Fe2O3 were formed. The presence of α-Fe sustains a model previously suggested for the oxidation of the Laves phases. On the other hand, the existence of α-Fe2O3 together with α-Fe suggests that 3 minutes is longer than the necessary time to follow the oxidation kinetics.

F. Saporiti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Oxidation of the hexagonal Zr(Cr0.4Fe0.6)2 Laves phase
    Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2004
    Co-Authors: P. B. Bozzano, P. Vázquez, F. Saporiti, C. Ramos, R. Versaci, C. Saragovi
    Abstract:

    Abstract The hexagonal (C14-type) Laves phase Zr(Cr 0.40 Fe 0.60 ) 2 when oxidized in an Open Furnace was studied by X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy techniques. Oxidation modified part of the original Laves phase and Zr oxides, Cr oxides, α-Cr, (Fe, Cr) oxides, α-Fe and α-Fe 2 O 3 appeared. The behaviour of these phases, particularly the Fe-bearing phases, is described in detail through a two stage process (stage I from 0 to ∼7 wt% O 2 and stage II up to 22 wt% O 2 ). A very small amount of O 2 (stage I) is enough to induce the formation of α-Fe upon oxidation, sustaining a model previously suggested for the oxidation of the Laves phases. This α-Fe is highly Cr-substituted. Oxidation proceeds through the increasing presence of α-Fe 2 O 3 and through the structural evolution of Zr oxides (formation of monoclinic, tetragonal and cubic ZrO 2 ).

  • Characterization of the Laves Phases Zr(Cr,Fe)_2 Oxidized in an Open Furnace Using Mössbauer Spectroscopy
    Hyperfine Interactions, 2002
    Co-Authors: F. Saporiti, P. B. Bozzano, P. Vázquez, C. Ramos, R. Versaci, I. Raspini, C. Saragovi
    Abstract:

    Three Laves phases Zr(Cr_0.40Fe_0.60)_2, Zr(Cr_0.95Fe_0.05)_2 and Zr(Cr_0.15Fe_0.85)_2 were characterized when oxidized 7 min using Analytical Electron Microscopy (AEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) techniques. The first sample occurs as a hexagonal structure (C14) the other two as cubic (C15) structures. Oxidation modified them but their corresponding Laves phases still, remained. Besides, Zr_2− x O_ x , Cr oxides, α-Cr, (Fe, Cr) oxides, α-Fe and α-Fe_2O_3 were formed in the Fe-rich samples at variance of the Cr-rich one, in which α-Fe and α-Fe_2O_3 were absent. The appearance of α-Fe supported the model previously suggested for the oxidation of the Laves phases. Results also suggested that future oxidation times have to be chosen accordingly to the composition of the Laves phases to follow stages of their oxidation.

  • The Effect of Short Oxidation Time on Zr (Fe,Cr) 2 Laves Phases
    Hyperfine Interactions (C), 2002
    Co-Authors: P. B. Bozzano, P. Vázquez, F. Saporiti, C. Ramos, R. Versaci, C. Saragovi
    Abstract:

    Two Laves phases Zr (Cr0.40 Fe0.60)2 ((C14) hexagonal structure) and Zr(Cr0.15 Fe0.85)2 ((C15) cubic structure) when oxidized 3 minutes in an Open Furnace were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Mossbauer Spectroscopy (MS) techniques. Oxidation modified them but part of the original Laves phases remained. Zr2−xOx, Cr oxides, α-Cr, (Fe, Cr) oxides, α-Fe and α-Fe2O3 were formed. The presence of α-Fe sustains a model previously suggested for the oxidation of the Laves phases. On the other hand, the existence of α-Fe2O3 together with α-Fe suggests that 3 minutes is longer than the necessary time to follow the oxidation kinetics.

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