The Experts below are selected from a list of 18 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Douglas M Klieger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • disgust as the source of false positive effects in the measurement of Ophidiophobia
    The Journal of Psychology, 1997
    Co-Authors: Douglas M Klieger, Kimberly K Siejak
    Abstract:

    Why many people who self-report high levels of fear on the Snake Anxiety Questionnaire (SNAQ; Klorman, Weerts, Hastings, Melamed, & Lang, 1974) do not show subsequent behavioral fear was investigated. Fear and disgust among 70 female under-graduates were assessed by self-report, behavioral ratings, and behavioral approach measures. The results suggest that the observed discordance occurs because the SNAQ is strongly confounded by the emotion of disgust.

  • a new approach to the measurement of Ophidiophobia
    Personality and Individual Differences, 1994
    Co-Authors: Douglas M Klieger
    Abstract:

    Current measurement of emotion often produces cognitive, behavioral, and physiological measures that disagree. Rather than accept the situation as unresolvable the study sought to improve the quality of measurement by removing much of the ambiguity inherent in typical measures of fear. Sixty five (sample 1) and 173 (sample 2) subjects were given an automated version of the Snake Anxiety Questionnaire and an extensive series of follow-up questions ending with a behavioral approach test. Follow-ups were asked contingent on the degree of ambiguity and the subject's response using branching logic. This system has been termed “Initial Response Verification”. The process was successful in reducing the number of false-positive (defined as high cognitive-low behavioral fear) identifications from 100 of 228 to 14 of 228, which was significant at the P<0.001 level. These reductions were distinctly different from those of a simple linear transform and were unique to each individual. In sum, behavioral and cognitive measures need not disagree when ambiguity is removed.

  • the measurement and mismeasurement of Ophidiophobia in analogue research a procedural review
    Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1993
    Co-Authors: Douglas M Klieger, Robert W Gallagher
    Abstract:

    The adequacy of current paper-and-pencil measures of Ophidiophobia (fear of snakes) was analyzed by reviewing the subject selection procedures in 24 published articles with the restriction that the procedures involve some form of self-report. The sample characteristics and selection procedures of these studies were reviewed in detail. We conclude that the recommendations and conclusions of these studies should not be accepted due to limited generalizability. Paper-and-pencil measures are excellent initial selection devices, but cannot stand alone in selecting ophidiophobics from the general population.

Robert W Gallagher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the measurement and mismeasurement of Ophidiophobia in analogue research a procedural review
    Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1993
    Co-Authors: Douglas M Klieger, Robert W Gallagher
    Abstract:

    The adequacy of current paper-and-pencil measures of Ophidiophobia (fear of snakes) was analyzed by reviewing the subject selection procedures in 24 published articles with the restriction that the procedures involve some form of self-report. The sample characteristics and selection procedures of these studies were reviewed in detail. We conclude that the recommendations and conclusions of these studies should not be accepted due to limited generalizability. Paper-and-pencil measures are excellent initial selection devices, but cannot stand alone in selecting ophidiophobics from the general population.

Lars H Holbech - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Yahaya Musah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Hisao Nishijo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Preferential Neuronal Responses to Snakes in the Monkey Medial Prefrontal Cortex Support an Evolutionary Origin for Ophidiophobia
    Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 2021
    Co-Authors: Ha Trong Dinh, Hiroshi Nishimaru, Jumpei Matsumoto, Tsuyoshi Setogawa, Rafael S. Maior, Carlos Tomaz, Taketoshi Ono, Hisao Nishijo
    Abstract:

    Ophidiophobia (snake phobia) is one of the most common specific phobias. It has been proposed that specific phobia may have an evolutionary origin, and that attentional bias to specific items may promote the onset of phobia. Noninvasive imaging studies of patients with specific phobia reported that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), especially the rostral part of the anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), and amygdala are activated during the presentation of phobogenic stimuli. We propose that the mPFC-amygdala circuit may be involved in the pathogenesis of phobia. The mPFC receives inputs from the phylogenically old subcortical visual pathway including the superior colliculus, pulvinar, and amygdala, while mPFC neurons are highly sensitive to snakes that are the first modern predator of primates, and discriminate snakes with striking postures from those with non-striking postures. Furthermore, the mPFC has been implicated in the attentional allocation and promotes amygdala-dependent aversive conditioning. These findings suggest that the rACC focuses attention on snakes, and promotes aversive conditioning to snakes, which may lead to anxiety and Ophidiophobia.