The Experts below are selected from a list of 19743 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Geoffrey Robinson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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poppy seed tea and Opiate abuse in new zealand
Drug and Alcohol Review, 2007Co-Authors: Klare Braye, Thomas Harwood, Rachel Inder, Richard Beasley, Geoffrey RobinsonAbstract:The opium poppy Papaver somniferum contains an array of Opiates. There is a variety of methods of preparation that can be used by people with Opiate dependence, with patterns of use determined by numerous factors including cost, safety, potency and legal status. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and nature of poppy seed tea (PST) use by Opiate-dependent patients in the form of a written questionnaire. The study took place at the Community Alcohol and Drug Clinic, Wellington, New Zealand, and comprised 24 Opiate-dependent patients attending the clinic. A total of 11 of 24 (46%) patients reported having used PST. In five patients currently using PST it represented the major source of Opiates, and two had managed to withdraw from use of other Opiates with regular PST use. Patients reported a median onset of action of 15 minures and an effect lasting a median of 24 hours. The major limitation of PST use was the foul taste. PST is used commonly by Opiate-dependent patients attending an...
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poppy seed tea and Opiate abuse in new zealand
Drug and Alcohol Review, 2007Co-Authors: Klare Braye, Thomas Harwood, Rachel Inder, Richard Beasley, Geoffrey RobinsonAbstract:The opium poppy Papaver somniferum contains an array of Opiates. There is a variety of methods of preparation that can be used by people with Opiate dependence, with patterns of use determined by numerous factors including cost, safety, potency and legal status. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and nature of poppy seed tea (PST) use by Opiate-dependent patients in the form of a written questionnaire. The study took place at the Community Alcohol and Drug Clinic, Wellington, New Zealand, and comprised 24 Opiate-dependent patients attending the clinic. A total of 11 of 24 (46%) patients reported having used PST. In five patients currently using PST it represented the major source of Opiates, and two had managed to withdraw from use of other Opiates with regular PST use. Patients reported a median onset of action of 15 minutes and an effect lasting a median of 24 hours. The major limitation of PST use was the foul taste. PST is used commonly by Opiate-dependent patients attending an alcohol and drug clinic in New Zealand. The use of PST as the major source of Opiates could be considered favourably within 'harm reduction' philosophies, because of its low cost, legal availability and oral route of administration. Conversely, there is the potential for PST to act as a 'gateway drug' by inducing opioid dependence and introducing people to the culture of drug abuse.
Richard Beasley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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poppy seed tea and Opiate abuse in new zealand
Drug and Alcohol Review, 2007Co-Authors: Klare Braye, Thomas Harwood, Rachel Inder, Richard Beasley, Geoffrey RobinsonAbstract:The opium poppy Papaver somniferum contains an array of Opiates. There is a variety of methods of preparation that can be used by people with Opiate dependence, with patterns of use determined by numerous factors including cost, safety, potency and legal status. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and nature of poppy seed tea (PST) use by Opiate-dependent patients in the form of a written questionnaire. The study took place at the Community Alcohol and Drug Clinic, Wellington, New Zealand, and comprised 24 Opiate-dependent patients attending the clinic. A total of 11 of 24 (46%) patients reported having used PST. In five patients currently using PST it represented the major source of Opiates, and two had managed to withdraw from use of other Opiates with regular PST use. Patients reported a median onset of action of 15 minures and an effect lasting a median of 24 hours. The major limitation of PST use was the foul taste. PST is used commonly by Opiate-dependent patients attending an...
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poppy seed tea and Opiate abuse in new zealand
Drug and Alcohol Review, 2007Co-Authors: Klare Braye, Thomas Harwood, Rachel Inder, Richard Beasley, Geoffrey RobinsonAbstract:The opium poppy Papaver somniferum contains an array of Opiates. There is a variety of methods of preparation that can be used by people with Opiate dependence, with patterns of use determined by numerous factors including cost, safety, potency and legal status. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and nature of poppy seed tea (PST) use by Opiate-dependent patients in the form of a written questionnaire. The study took place at the Community Alcohol and Drug Clinic, Wellington, New Zealand, and comprised 24 Opiate-dependent patients attending the clinic. A total of 11 of 24 (46%) patients reported having used PST. In five patients currently using PST it represented the major source of Opiates, and two had managed to withdraw from use of other Opiates with regular PST use. Patients reported a median onset of action of 15 minutes and an effect lasting a median of 24 hours. The major limitation of PST use was the foul taste. PST is used commonly by Opiate-dependent patients attending an alcohol and drug clinic in New Zealand. The use of PST as the major source of Opiates could be considered favourably within 'harm reduction' philosophies, because of its low cost, legal availability and oral route of administration. Conversely, there is the potential for PST to act as a 'gateway drug' by inducing opioid dependence and introducing people to the culture of drug abuse.
Michael J Cole - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sedatives for Opiate withdrawal in newborn infants
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2010Co-Authors: David A Osborn, Heather E Jeffery, Michael J ColeAbstract:Background Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) due to Opiate withdrawal may result in disruption of the mother-infant relationship, sleep-wake abnormalities, feeding difficulties, weight loss and seizures. Treatments used to ameliorate symptoms and reduce morbidity include Opiates, sedatives and non-pharmacological treatments. Objectives To assess the effectiveness and safety of using a sedative compared to a non-Opiate control for NAS due to withdrawal from Opiates, and to determine which type of sedative is most effective and safe. Search methods This update included searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 1, 2010), MEDLINE 1966 to April 2010 and abstracts of conference proceedings. Selection criteria Trials enrolling infants with NAS born to mothers with an Opiate dependence with > 80% follow-up and using random or quasi-random allocation to sedative or control. Control could include another sedative or non-pharmacological treatment. Data collection and analysis Each author assessed study quality and extracted data independently. Main results Seven studies enrolling 385 patients were included. There were substantial methodological concerns for most studies including the use of quasi-random allocation methods and sizeable, largely unexplained differences in reported numbers allocated to each group. One study reported phenobarbitone compared to supportive care alone did not reduce treatment failure or time to regain birthweight, but resulted in a significant reduction in duration of supportive care (MD -162.1 min/day, 95% CI -249.2, -75.1). Comparing phenobarbitone to diazepam, meta-analysis of two studies found phenobarbitone resulted in a significant reduction in treatment failure (typical RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.24, 0.62). Comparing phenobarbitone with chlorpromazine, one study reported no significant difference in treatment failure. In infants treated with an Opiate, one study reported addition of clonidine resulted in no significant difference in treatment failure, seizures or mortality. In infants treated with an Opiate, one study reported addition of phenobarbitone significantly reduced the proportion of time infants had a high abstinence severity score, duration of hospitalisation and maximal daily dose of Opiate. Authors' conclusions Infants with NAS due to Opiate withdrawal should receive initial treatment with an Opiate. Where a sedative is used, phenobarbitone should be used in preference to diazepam. In infants treated with an Opiate, the addition of phenobarbitone or clonidine may reduce withdrawal severity. Further studies are needed to determine the role of sedatives in infants with NAS due to Opiate withdrawal and the safety and efficacy of adding phenobarbitone or clonidine in infants treated with an Opiate for NAS.
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Opiate treatment for Opiate withdrawal in newborn infants
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2010Co-Authors: David A Osborn, Heather E Jeffery, Michael J ColeAbstract:Background Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) due to Opiate withdrawal may result in disruption of the mother-infant relationship, sleep-wake abnormalities, feeding difficulties, weight loss and seizures. Objectives To assess the effectiveness and safety of using an Opiate compared to a sedative or non-pharmacological treatment for treatment of NAS due to withdrawal from Opiates. Search methods The review was updated in 2010 with additional searches CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE supplemented by searches of conference abstracts and citation lists of published articles. Selection criteria Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials of Opiate treatment in infants with NAS born to mothers with Opiate dependence. Data collection and analysis Each author assessed study quality and extracted data independently. Main results Nine studies enrolling 645 infants met inclusion criteria. There were substantial methodological concerns in all studies comparing an Opiate with a sedative. Two small studies comparing different Opiates were of good methodology. Opiate (morphine) versus supportive care (one study): A reduction in time to regain birth weight and duration of supportive care and a significant increase in hospital stay was noted. Opiate versus phenobarbitone (four studies): Meta-analysis found no significant difference in treatment failure. One study reported Opiate treatment resulted in a significant reduction in treatment failure in infants of mothers using only Opiates. One study reported a significant reduction in days treatment and admission to the nursery for infants receiving morphine. One study reported a reduction in seizures, of borderline statistical significance, with the use of Opiate. Opiate versus diazepam (two studies): Meta-analysis found a significant reduction in treatment failure with the use of Opiate. Different Opiates (six studies): there is insufficient data to determine safety or efficacy of any specific Opiate compared to another Opiate. Authors' conclusions Opiates compared to supportive care may reduce time to regain birth weight and duration of supportive care but increase duration of hospital stay. When compared to phenobarbitone, Opiates may reduce the incidence of seizures but there is no evidence of effect on treatment failure. One study reported a reduction in duration of treatment and nursery admission for infants on morphine. Compared to diazepam, Opiates reduce the incidence of treatment failure. A post-hoc analysis generates the hypothesis that initial Opiate treatment may be restricted to infants of mothers who used Opiates only. In view of the methodologic limitations of the included studies the conclusions of this review should be treated with caution.
Klare Braye - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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poppy seed tea and Opiate abuse in new zealand
Drug and Alcohol Review, 2007Co-Authors: Klare Braye, Thomas Harwood, Rachel Inder, Richard Beasley, Geoffrey RobinsonAbstract:The opium poppy Papaver somniferum contains an array of Opiates. There is a variety of methods of preparation that can be used by people with Opiate dependence, with patterns of use determined by numerous factors including cost, safety, potency and legal status. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and nature of poppy seed tea (PST) use by Opiate-dependent patients in the form of a written questionnaire. The study took place at the Community Alcohol and Drug Clinic, Wellington, New Zealand, and comprised 24 Opiate-dependent patients attending the clinic. A total of 11 of 24 (46%) patients reported having used PST. In five patients currently using PST it represented the major source of Opiates, and two had managed to withdraw from use of other Opiates with regular PST use. Patients reported a median onset of action of 15 minures and an effect lasting a median of 24 hours. The major limitation of PST use was the foul taste. PST is used commonly by Opiate-dependent patients attending an...
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poppy seed tea and Opiate abuse in new zealand
Drug and Alcohol Review, 2007Co-Authors: Klare Braye, Thomas Harwood, Rachel Inder, Richard Beasley, Geoffrey RobinsonAbstract:The opium poppy Papaver somniferum contains an array of Opiates. There is a variety of methods of preparation that can be used by people with Opiate dependence, with patterns of use determined by numerous factors including cost, safety, potency and legal status. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and nature of poppy seed tea (PST) use by Opiate-dependent patients in the form of a written questionnaire. The study took place at the Community Alcohol and Drug Clinic, Wellington, New Zealand, and comprised 24 Opiate-dependent patients attending the clinic. A total of 11 of 24 (46%) patients reported having used PST. In five patients currently using PST it represented the major source of Opiates, and two had managed to withdraw from use of other Opiates with regular PST use. Patients reported a median onset of action of 15 minutes and an effect lasting a median of 24 hours. The major limitation of PST use was the foul taste. PST is used commonly by Opiate-dependent patients attending an alcohol and drug clinic in New Zealand. The use of PST as the major source of Opiates could be considered favourably within 'harm reduction' philosophies, because of its low cost, legal availability and oral route of administration. Conversely, there is the potential for PST to act as a 'gateway drug' by inducing opioid dependence and introducing people to the culture of drug abuse.
David A Osborn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sedatives for Opiate withdrawal in newborn infants
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2010Co-Authors: David A Osborn, Heather E Jeffery, Michael J ColeAbstract:Background Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) due to Opiate withdrawal may result in disruption of the mother-infant relationship, sleep-wake abnormalities, feeding difficulties, weight loss and seizures. Treatments used to ameliorate symptoms and reduce morbidity include Opiates, sedatives and non-pharmacological treatments. Objectives To assess the effectiveness and safety of using a sedative compared to a non-Opiate control for NAS due to withdrawal from Opiates, and to determine which type of sedative is most effective and safe. Search methods This update included searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 1, 2010), MEDLINE 1966 to April 2010 and abstracts of conference proceedings. Selection criteria Trials enrolling infants with NAS born to mothers with an Opiate dependence with > 80% follow-up and using random or quasi-random allocation to sedative or control. Control could include another sedative or non-pharmacological treatment. Data collection and analysis Each author assessed study quality and extracted data independently. Main results Seven studies enrolling 385 patients were included. There were substantial methodological concerns for most studies including the use of quasi-random allocation methods and sizeable, largely unexplained differences in reported numbers allocated to each group. One study reported phenobarbitone compared to supportive care alone did not reduce treatment failure or time to regain birthweight, but resulted in a significant reduction in duration of supportive care (MD -162.1 min/day, 95% CI -249.2, -75.1). Comparing phenobarbitone to diazepam, meta-analysis of two studies found phenobarbitone resulted in a significant reduction in treatment failure (typical RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.24, 0.62). Comparing phenobarbitone with chlorpromazine, one study reported no significant difference in treatment failure. In infants treated with an Opiate, one study reported addition of clonidine resulted in no significant difference in treatment failure, seizures or mortality. In infants treated with an Opiate, one study reported addition of phenobarbitone significantly reduced the proportion of time infants had a high abstinence severity score, duration of hospitalisation and maximal daily dose of Opiate. Authors' conclusions Infants with NAS due to Opiate withdrawal should receive initial treatment with an Opiate. Where a sedative is used, phenobarbitone should be used in preference to diazepam. In infants treated with an Opiate, the addition of phenobarbitone or clonidine may reduce withdrawal severity. Further studies are needed to determine the role of sedatives in infants with NAS due to Opiate withdrawal and the safety and efficacy of adding phenobarbitone or clonidine in infants treated with an Opiate for NAS.
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Opiate treatment for Opiate withdrawal in newborn infants
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2010Co-Authors: David A Osborn, Heather E Jeffery, Michael J ColeAbstract:Background Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) due to Opiate withdrawal may result in disruption of the mother-infant relationship, sleep-wake abnormalities, feeding difficulties, weight loss and seizures. Objectives To assess the effectiveness and safety of using an Opiate compared to a sedative or non-pharmacological treatment for treatment of NAS due to withdrawal from Opiates. Search methods The review was updated in 2010 with additional searches CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE supplemented by searches of conference abstracts and citation lists of published articles. Selection criteria Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials of Opiate treatment in infants with NAS born to mothers with Opiate dependence. Data collection and analysis Each author assessed study quality and extracted data independently. Main results Nine studies enrolling 645 infants met inclusion criteria. There were substantial methodological concerns in all studies comparing an Opiate with a sedative. Two small studies comparing different Opiates were of good methodology. Opiate (morphine) versus supportive care (one study): A reduction in time to regain birth weight and duration of supportive care and a significant increase in hospital stay was noted. Opiate versus phenobarbitone (four studies): Meta-analysis found no significant difference in treatment failure. One study reported Opiate treatment resulted in a significant reduction in treatment failure in infants of mothers using only Opiates. One study reported a significant reduction in days treatment and admission to the nursery for infants receiving morphine. One study reported a reduction in seizures, of borderline statistical significance, with the use of Opiate. Opiate versus diazepam (two studies): Meta-analysis found a significant reduction in treatment failure with the use of Opiate. Different Opiates (six studies): there is insufficient data to determine safety or efficacy of any specific Opiate compared to another Opiate. Authors' conclusions Opiates compared to supportive care may reduce time to regain birth weight and duration of supportive care but increase duration of hospital stay. When compared to phenobarbitone, Opiates may reduce the incidence of seizures but there is no evidence of effect on treatment failure. One study reported a reduction in duration of treatment and nursery admission for infants on morphine. Compared to diazepam, Opiates reduce the incidence of treatment failure. A post-hoc analysis generates the hypothesis that initial Opiate treatment may be restricted to infants of mothers who used Opiates only. In view of the methodologic limitations of the included studies the conclusions of this review should be treated with caution.
