The Experts below are selected from a list of 60 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Rodney S. Tucker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Green Optical Communications—Part I: Energy Limitations in Transport
2013Co-Authors: Rodney S. TuckerAbstract:Abstract—The capacity and geographical coverage of the global communications network continue to expand. One consequence of this expansion is a steady growth in the overall energy consumption of the network. This is the first of two papers that explore the fundamental limits on energy consumption in optical communication Systems and networks. The objective of these papers is to provide a framework for understanding how this growth in energy consumption can be managed. This paper (Part I) focuses on the energy consumption in Optically Amplified transport Systems. The accompanying paper (Part II) focuses on energy consumption in networks. A key focus of both papers is an analysis of the lower bound on energy consumption. This lower bound gives an indication of the best possible energy efficiency that could ever be achieved. The lower bound on energy in transport Systems is limited by the energy consumption in optical amplifiers, and in optical transmitters and receivers. The performance of an optical transport System is ultimately set by the Shannon bound on receiver sensitivity, and depends on factors such as the modulation format, fiber losses, System length, and the spontaneous noise in optical amplifiers. Collectively, these set a lower bound on the number of amplifiers required, and hence, the amplifier energy consumption. It is possible to minimize the total energy consumption of an Optically Amplified System by locating repeaters strategically. The lower bound on energy consumption in optical transmitters and receivers is limited by device and circuit factors. In commercial optical transport Systems, the energy consumption is at least two orders of magnitude larger than the ideal lower bounds described here. The difference between the ideal lower bounds and the actual energy consumption in commercial Systems is due to inefficiencies and energy overheads. A key strategy in reducing the energy consumption of optical transport Systems will be to reduce these inefficiencies and overheads. Index Terms—Energy consumption, energy efficiency, optical amplifiers, optical fiber transport, optical receivers, optical transmitters. I
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Green Optical Communications—Part I: Energy Limitations in Transport
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2011Co-Authors: Rodney S. TuckerAbstract:The capacity and geographical coverage of the global communications network continue to expand. One consequence of this expansion is a steady growth in the overall energy consumption of the network. This is the first of two papers that explore the fundamental limits on energy consumption in optical communication Systems and networks. The objective of these papers is to provide a framework for understanding how this growth in energy consumption can be managed. This paper (Part I) focuses on the energy consumption in Optically Amplified transport Systems. The accompanying paper (Part II) focuses on energy consumption in networks. A key focus of both papers is an analysis of the lower bound on energy consumption. This lower bound gives an indication of the best possible energy efficiency that could ever be achieved. The lower bound on energy in transport Systems is limited by the energy consumption in optical amplifiers, and in optical transmitters and receivers. The performance of an optical transport System is ultimately set by the Shannon bound on receiver sensitivity, and depends on factors such as the modulation format, fiber losses, System length, and the spontaneous noise in optical amplifiers. Collectively, these set a lower bound on the number of amplifiers required, and hence, the amplifier energy consumption. It is possible to minimize the total energy consumption of an Optically Amplified System by locating repeaters strategically. The lower bound on energy consumption in optical transmitters and receivers is limited by device and circuit factors. In commercial optical transport Systems, the energy consumption is at least two orders of magnitude larger than the ideal lower bounds described here. The difference between the ideal lower bounds and the actual energy consumption in commercial Systems is due to inefficiencies and energy overheads. A key strategy in reducing the energy consumption of optical transport Systems will be to reduce these inefficiencies and overheads.
M.g. Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Observation of new polarization dependence effect in long haul Optically Amplified System
IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 1993Co-Authors: M.g. TaylorAbstract:A new polarization dependence effect, called active PDL, has been observed, which leads to there being a significantly higher gain in the polarization state orthogonal to a polarized signal in a long haul Optically Amplified transmission System. The gain differential was 4.8 dB in a 69 amplifier System. This causes the ASE to accumulate with length faster than expected which introduces additional noise on detection. It is shown that the problem is solved by modulation of the signal's polarization state, which has the effect of eliminating the active PDL. >
Likarn Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of optical amplifier noise on laser linewidth requirements in long haul optical fiber communication Systems with Costas PLL receivers
Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1996Co-Authors: Yishian Chiou, Likarn WangAbstract:The impact of optical amplifier noise is analyzed in investigating the performance of optical long-haul PSK homodyne communication Systems with Costas phase locked loop (PLL) receivers. The laser linewidth requirement for an Optically Amplified System becomes relaxed in comparison with the System with no optical amplifier, owing to the fact that the effect of incomplete phase tracking becomes less important as a larger signal power is demanded to maintain a fixed bit-error rate. Also, it is found that the power splitting ratio regarding the power distributions for the I-arm and the Q-arm of a Costas loop can vary in a wide range without having much influence on the performance of an Optically Amplified System. As a matter of fact, the power penalty induced by incomplete phase tracking for a System with a large number of cascaded optical amplifiers is mainly due to the finite phase error and not due to the power splitting ratio, and this may fail a previously-reported method for finding the required laser linewidth by assigning a certain amount of power penalty that is due to the power splitting ratio.
Dan Sadot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ASE Noise-Reduced Optical Receiver Based on MZI Diversity Scheme
Fiber and Integrated Optics, 2001Co-Authors: Gilad Katz, Dan SadotAbstract:A novel method is proposed that reduces the bit error rate (BER) in an Optically Amplified System by using a MachZender interferometer coherence manipulation at the receiver. Exact analysis is presented, which shows that the signal-to-noise ratio can be improved by 3 dB. Resulting BER improvements are presented.
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ASE noise reduced optical receiver based on MZI diversity scheme
LEOS 2000. 2000 IEEE Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings. 13th Annual Meeting. IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 2000 Annual Meeting (Cat. No.0, 1Co-Authors: G. Kats, Dan SadotAbstract:A novel method is proposed which reduces the BER in an Optically Amplified System. By using a Mach-Zender interferometer (MZI) coherence manipulation at the receiver, most of the ASE coherent beat noise is filtered out. This is achieved due to the coherence time difference between the signal and ASE beat noise.
Yishian Chiou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of optical amplifier noise on laser linewidth requirements in long haul optical fiber communication Systems with Costas PLL receivers
Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1996Co-Authors: Yishian Chiou, Likarn WangAbstract:The impact of optical amplifier noise is analyzed in investigating the performance of optical long-haul PSK homodyne communication Systems with Costas phase locked loop (PLL) receivers. The laser linewidth requirement for an Optically Amplified System becomes relaxed in comparison with the System with no optical amplifier, owing to the fact that the effect of incomplete phase tracking becomes less important as a larger signal power is demanded to maintain a fixed bit-error rate. Also, it is found that the power splitting ratio regarding the power distributions for the I-arm and the Q-arm of a Costas loop can vary in a wide range without having much influence on the performance of an Optically Amplified System. As a matter of fact, the power penalty induced by incomplete phase tracking for a System with a large number of cascaded optical amplifiers is mainly due to the finite phase error and not due to the power splitting ratio, and this may fail a previously-reported method for finding the required laser linewidth by assigning a certain amount of power penalty that is due to the power splitting ratio.