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Monacci Francesco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A GIS-Based Model for the Enhancement of Rural Landscapes: The Case Study of Valdera—Tuscany (Italy)
    'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020
    Co-Authors: Rovai Massimo, Andreoli Maria, Monacci Francesco
    Abstract:

    Complexity in planning and programming applied to rural landscape and territories was increased by the new approach of the European Landscape Convention and the growing awareness on the role of rural landscapes in providing Ecosystem Services. While the scientific debate is still going on, one of the main challenges is how to operationalize the new attitude and knowledge about the role played by landscape in general, and not only by historical and high Valued landscapes. New instruments are needed to maintain and enhance everyday landscape taking into account that it is a living and evolving system. These instruments ask for multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches based on a holistic knowledge system. GIS techniques allow taking into account both spatial distribution of elements/information and their physical relations, which are paramount for the analysis of interventions about landscape. This chapter presents an expedite model for identifying policy actions aiming to protect, maintain and manage rural territories. The model has been tested on a case-study area located in Tuscany (Italy), and it identifies a set of spatialized indicators, for which it is possible to compute a cardinal or Ordinal Value, to be used to individuate suitable actions. While the case-study analysis is necessarily bounded by rules stated by the Tuscan administration and by the context within it was developed, the philosophy underpinning the proposed methodology may well be extended to other territories and countries. Results show that it is possible to provide simplified operative tools able to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of territorial governance

Grandon T Gill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • reflections on researching the rugged fitness landscape
    Informing Science The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline, 2008
    Co-Authors: Grandon T Gill
    Abstract:

    Introduction At the core of the informing sciences is the need to better understand the interplay between the components of an informing system: the sender, the client, the delivery system, and the task to be performed. Implicit in this understanding is a notion of fit. For example, if the client is in a rural area of a developing country served only by telephone lines that are subject to intermittent failure and the sender wishes to convey large amounts of information in video format, then the use of an Internet-based delivery system is unlikely to be a good fit with the informing need. Similarly, if the task to be performed is highly interactive and requires ongoing exchange of information with the client, then a system providing two-way communication is likely to be a better fit than a system that only allows one-way broadcast of information. If we attach a numerical or Ordinal Value to the level of fit, we can refer to that Value as a fitness Value. If we were to consider a whole variety of different possible informing systems for achieving the same purpose and were to attach a fitness Value to each one, we have the beginnings of a fitness landscape. To develop a complete fitness landscape, we would need to develop a function that can take any combination of informing system characteristics and map them to an associated fitness Value. The optimal possible system would then be that collection of characteristics that maps to the highest fitness Value. It is probably not an exaggeration to assert that most research in the informing sciences is motivated by the desire to contribute, directly or indirectly, to our understanding of the fitness landscape associated with informing. In our goal to better understand the fitness landscape for informing systems, it is useful to learn from other disciplines--many of which have their own versions of the fitness function. In economics, for example, consumers strive to maximize utility--a function that maps the bundle of goods and services they consume to a satisfaction-related Value. Producers are frequently modeled as attempting to maximize shareholder Value, another measure of fitness. In computer science, the concept of fitness is routinely employed in evaluator functions. A chess program, for example, will normally choose its move based upon assessing the fitness of the alternative board positions that may result. Genetic algorithms use reproductive and mutation rules originally observed in natural systems in an effort to seek solutions of maximal fitness. The concept of fitness is particularly prevalent in biological sciences. Evolutionary biologists, for example, view fitness as a survivability function representing the likelihood of reproductive success that may be applied at many different levels--from the gene to an entire species. If fitness is insufficient, the gene or species ultimately disappears if it fails to evolve or adapt. The present paper is intended to as a non-mathematical introduction to the nature of fitness landscapes, with particular attention being paid to the potential implications for research in the informing sciences. It begins by presenting a continuum used to characterize fitness landscapes that was first introduced in evolutionary biology (e.g., Kauffman, 1993). In this model, landscapes range from decomposable to rugged to chaotic. The paper then demonstrates how the continuum strongly resembles another continuum: that of science and art. The remainder of the paper focuses specifically on rugged landscapes, emphasizing two main themes. First, it argues that the conditions that are likely to lead to a rugged fitness landscape are nearly always going to be present in informing systems. Second, it considers the many ways in which rigorous research conducted on a rugged fitness landscape can--or, more precisely, should--differ from research that assumes underlying decomposability. …

Rovai Massimo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A GIS-Based Model for the Enhancement of Rural Landscapes: The Case Study of Valdera—Tuscany (Italy)
    'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020
    Co-Authors: Rovai Massimo, Andreoli Maria, Monacci Francesco
    Abstract:

    Complexity in planning and programming applied to rural landscape and territories was increased by the new approach of the European Landscape Convention and the growing awareness on the role of rural landscapes in providing Ecosystem Services. While the scientific debate is still going on, one of the main challenges is how to operationalize the new attitude and knowledge about the role played by landscape in general, and not only by historical and high Valued landscapes. New instruments are needed to maintain and enhance everyday landscape taking into account that it is a living and evolving system. These instruments ask for multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches based on a holistic knowledge system. GIS techniques allow taking into account both spatial distribution of elements/information and their physical relations, which are paramount for the analysis of interventions about landscape. This chapter presents an expedite model for identifying policy actions aiming to protect, maintain and manage rural territories. The model has been tested on a case-study area located in Tuscany (Italy), and it identifies a set of spatialized indicators, for which it is possible to compute a cardinal or Ordinal Value, to be used to individuate suitable actions. While the case-study analysis is necessarily bounded by rules stated by the Tuscan administration and by the context within it was developed, the philosophy underpinning the proposed methodology may well be extended to other territories and countries. Results show that it is possible to provide simplified operative tools able to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of territorial governance

Andreoli Maria - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A GIS-Based Model for the Enhancement of Rural Landscapes: The Case Study of Valdera—Tuscany (Italy)
    'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020
    Co-Authors: Rovai Massimo, Andreoli Maria, Monacci Francesco
    Abstract:

    Complexity in planning and programming applied to rural landscape and territories was increased by the new approach of the European Landscape Convention and the growing awareness on the role of rural landscapes in providing Ecosystem Services. While the scientific debate is still going on, one of the main challenges is how to operationalize the new attitude and knowledge about the role played by landscape in general, and not only by historical and high Valued landscapes. New instruments are needed to maintain and enhance everyday landscape taking into account that it is a living and evolving system. These instruments ask for multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches based on a holistic knowledge system. GIS techniques allow taking into account both spatial distribution of elements/information and their physical relations, which are paramount for the analysis of interventions about landscape. This chapter presents an expedite model for identifying policy actions aiming to protect, maintain and manage rural territories. The model has been tested on a case-study area located in Tuscany (Italy), and it identifies a set of spatialized indicators, for which it is possible to compute a cardinal or Ordinal Value, to be used to individuate suitable actions. While the case-study analysis is necessarily bounded by rules stated by the Tuscan administration and by the context within it was developed, the philosophy underpinning the proposed methodology may well be extended to other territories and countries. Results show that it is possible to provide simplified operative tools able to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of territorial governance

Jerard Seghatchian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • analytical model for calculating indeterminate results interval of screening tests the effect on seroconversion window period a brief evaluation of the impact of uncertain results on the blood establishment budget
    Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 2014
    Co-Authors: Paulo Pereira, James O Westgard, Pedro Encarnacao, Jerard Seghatchian
    Abstract:

    The evaluation of measurement uncertainty is not required by the European Union regulation or blood establishments’ laboratory tests. However, it is required for tests accredited by ISO 15189. Also, the forthcoming ISO 9001 edition requires “risk based thinking” with risk described as “the effect of uncertainty on an expected result”. ISO recommends GUM models for determination of measurement uncertainty, but their application is not intended for Ordinal Value measurements, such as what happens with screening test binary results. This article reviews, discusses and proposes concepts intended for measurement uncertainty of screening test results. The precision model focuses on cutoff level allowing the evaluation of the indeterminate interval using analytical sources of variance. The intervalis considered in the estimation of the seroconversion window period. The delta-Value of patients and healthy subjects’ samples allows ranking two tests according to the probability of the two classes of indeterminate results: chance of false negative results and chance of false positive results (waste on budget).