The Experts below are selected from a list of 4983 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Rosa Puertollano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Novel roles for the MiTF/TFE family of transcription factors in Organelle Biogenesis, nutrient sensing, and energy homeostasis
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Jose A Martina, Heba I. Diab, Rosa PuertollanoAbstract:The MiTF/TFE family of basic helix–loop–helix leucine zipper transcription factors includes MITF, TFEB, TFE3, and TFEC. The involvement of some family members in the development and proliferation of specific cell types, such as mast cells, osteoclasts, and melanocytes, is well established. Notably, recent evidence suggests that the MiTF/TFE family plays a critical role in Organelle Biogenesis, nutrient sensing, and energy metabolism. The MiTF/TFE family is also implicated in human disease. Mutations or aberrant expression of most MiTF/TFE family members has been linked to different types of cancer. At the same time, they have recently emerged as novel and very promising targets for the treatment of neurological and lysosomal diseases. The characterization of this fascinating family of transcription factors is greatly expanding our understanding of how cells synchronize environmental signals, such as nutrient availability, with gene expression, energy production, and cellular homeostasis.
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novel roles for the mitf tfe family of transcription factors in Organelle Biogenesis nutrient sensing and energy homeostasis
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Jose A Martina, Heba I. Diab, Rosa PuertollanoAbstract:The MiTF/TFE family of basic helix–loop–helix leucine zipper transcription factors includes MITF, TFEB, TFE3, and TFEC. The involvement of some family members in the development and proliferation of specific cell types, such as mast cells, osteoclasts, and melanocytes, is well established. Notably, recent evidence suggests that the MiTF/TFE family plays a critical role in Organelle Biogenesis, nutrient sensing, and energy metabolism. The MiTF/TFE family is also implicated in human disease. Mutations or aberrant expression of most MiTF/TFE family members has been linked to different types of cancer. At the same time, they have recently emerged as novel and very promising targets for the treatment of neurological and lysosomal diseases. The characterization of this fascinating family of transcription factors is greatly expanding our understanding of how cells synchronize environmental signals, such as nutrient availability, with gene expression, energy production, and cellular homeostasis.
Shankar Mukherji - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mechanisms of Organelle Biogenesis govern stochastic fluctuations in Organelle abundance
eLife, 2014Co-Authors: Shankar Mukherji, Erin K. O'sheaAbstract:Fluctuations in Organelle abundance can profoundly limit the precision of cell biological processes from secretion to metabolism. We modeled the dynamics of Organelle Biogenesis and predicted that Organelle abundance fluctuations depend strongly on the specific mechanisms that increase or decrease the number of a given Organelle. Our model exactly predicts the size of experimentally measured Golgi apparatus and vacuole abundance fluctuations, suggesting that cells tolerate the maximum level of variability generated by the Golgi and vacuole Biogenesis pathways. We observe large increases in peroxisome abundance fluctuations when cells are transferred from glucose-rich to fatty acid-rich environments. These increased fluctuations are significantly diminished in mutants lacking peroxisome fission factors, leading us to infer that peroxisome Biogenesis switches from de novo synthesis to primarily fission. Our work provides a general framework for exploring stochastic Organelle Biogenesis and using fluctuations to quantitatively unravel the biophysical pathways that control the abundance of subcellular structures.
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mechanisms of Organelle Biogenesis govern stochastic fluctuations in Organelle abundance
eLife, 2014Co-Authors: Shankar Mukherji, Erin K OsheaAbstract:Any cell that has a nucleus also contains various other Organelles, such as the mitochondria that generate energy inside the cells. Like the nucleus, most of these Organelles are enclosed within a membrane. Unlike the nucleus, however, there can be two or more copies of other types of Organelles in a healthy cell. How do the numbers of the different Organelles in a cell change? The copy number for a given Organelle can be increased in two ways: by the synthesis of new Organelles, or the fission of an existing Organelle to form two new Organelles. Conversely, the number of Organelles can also be decreased in two ways: an Organelle can decay, or two Organelles can fuse to form one new Organelle. The steady state for a given Organelle results from a balance of these creative and destructive processes. Researchers have thought for some time that cells are able to count how many Organelles of a given type they contain. It was also thought that cells have some control over this number, but it was not known how precisely cells could control the number of Organelles they contained. It was also not known how this level of precision was influenced by the different processes responsible for making new Organelles. To address these issues, Mukherji and O'Shea have developed a stochastic model that treats the processes of Organelle creation and destruction as if they were simple chemical reactions. A tool from statistical physics, known as the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, was then used to analyze this model and derive an equation that predicts how the fluctuations in Organelle number depend on the rates of the processes that govern Organelle number. Mukherji and O'Shea used this model to make predictions about various Organelles in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae. For two of these—vacuoles and the Golgi apparatus—the processes that lead to an increase or decrease in the number of Organelles are well understood. In both cases the model accurately predicted the level of fluctuations measured in experiments. Moreover, Mukherji and O'Shea found that cells exhibited the maximum predicted level of fluctuations that could be generated by the processes that either increased or decreased the number of each Organelle. The model was also able to shed light on a long-running debate over the cellular origins of an Organelle called the peroxisome. This Organelle—which is involved in breaking down fatty acids and other compounds—has been studied much less than the Golgi apparatus and vacuoles, but there is compelling evidence that new peroxisomes are created by de novo synthesis and by the fission of existing peroxisomes. Mukherji and O'Shea found that fluctuations in the number of peroxisomes suggest that the production of new peroxisomes is dominated by fission when the yeast cells are grown in a medium that is rich in oleic acid: peroxisomes are metabolically active and proliferate rapidly in such a medium. In a glucose-rich medium, on the other hand, most new peroxisomes are produced by de novo synthesis. The case of the peroxisome thus highlights the possibility of extending this mathematical framework to explain the creation and destruction of Organelles and other subcellular structures in a range of organisms and environments.
Tim P. Levine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Membrane dynamics and Organelle Biogenesis—lipid pipelines and vesicular carriers
BMC Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Christopher J. Stefan, Karin Reinisch, Alex M. Valm, Sarah Cohen, William S. Trimble, Guillaume Drin, Jennifer Lippincott-schwartz, Pietro De Camilli, Sergio Grinstein, Tim P. LevineAbstract:Discoveries spanning several decades have pointed to vital membrane lipid trafficking pathways involving both vesicular and non-vesicular carriers. But the relative contributions for distinct membrane delivery pathways in cell growth and Organelle Biogenesis continue to be a puzzle. This is because lipids flow from many sources and across many paths via transport vesicles, non-vesicular transfer proteins, and dynamic interactions between Organelles at membrane contact sites. This forum presents our latest understanding, appreciation, and queries regarding the lipid transport mechanisms necessary to drive membrane expansion during Organelle Biogenesis and cell growth.
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membrane dynamics and Organelle Biogenesis lipid pipelines and vesicular carriers
BMC Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Christopher J. Stefan, Alex M. Valm, Sarah Cohen, William S. Trimble, Guillaume Drin, Pietro De Camilli, Sergio Grinstein, Karin M Reinisch, Jennifer Lippincottschwartz, Tim P. LevineAbstract:Discoveries spanning several decades have pointed to vital membrane lipid trafficking pathways involving both vesicular and non-vesicular carriers. But the relative contributions for distinct membrane delivery pathways in cell growth and Organelle Biogenesis continue to be a puzzle. This is because lipids flow from many sources and across many paths via transport vesicles, non-vesicular transfer proteins, and dynamic interactions between Organelles at membrane contact sites. This forum presents our latest understanding, appreciation, and queries regarding the lipid transport mechanisms necessary to drive membrane expansion during Organelle Biogenesis and cell growth.
Pietro De Camilli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Membrane dynamics and Organelle Biogenesis—lipid pipelines and vesicular carriers
BMC Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Christopher J. Stefan, Karin Reinisch, Alex M. Valm, Sarah Cohen, William S. Trimble, Guillaume Drin, Jennifer Lippincott-schwartz, Pietro De Camilli, Sergio Grinstein, Tim P. LevineAbstract:Discoveries spanning several decades have pointed to vital membrane lipid trafficking pathways involving both vesicular and non-vesicular carriers. But the relative contributions for distinct membrane delivery pathways in cell growth and Organelle Biogenesis continue to be a puzzle. This is because lipids flow from many sources and across many paths via transport vesicles, non-vesicular transfer proteins, and dynamic interactions between Organelles at membrane contact sites. This forum presents our latest understanding, appreciation, and queries regarding the lipid transport mechanisms necessary to drive membrane expansion during Organelle Biogenesis and cell growth.
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membrane dynamics and Organelle Biogenesis lipid pipelines and vesicular carriers
BMC Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Christopher J. Stefan, Alex M. Valm, Sarah Cohen, William S. Trimble, Guillaume Drin, Pietro De Camilli, Sergio Grinstein, Karin M Reinisch, Jennifer Lippincottschwartz, Tim P. LevineAbstract:Discoveries spanning several decades have pointed to vital membrane lipid trafficking pathways involving both vesicular and non-vesicular carriers. But the relative contributions for distinct membrane delivery pathways in cell growth and Organelle Biogenesis continue to be a puzzle. This is because lipids flow from many sources and across many paths via transport vesicles, non-vesicular transfer proteins, and dynamic interactions between Organelles at membrane contact sites. This forum presents our latest understanding, appreciation, and queries regarding the lipid transport mechanisms necessary to drive membrane expansion during Organelle Biogenesis and cell growth.
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The BAR Domain Superfamily: Membrane-Molding Macromolecules
Cell, 2009Co-Authors: Adam Frost, Vinzenz M. Unger, Pietro De CamilliAbstract:Membrane-shaping proteins of the BAR domain superfamily are determinants of Organelle Biogenesis, membrane trafficking, cell division, and cell migration. An upsurge of research now reveals new principles of BAR domain-mediated membrane remodeling, enhancing our understanding of membrane curvature-mediated information processing.
Julie G Donaldson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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building a secretory apparatus role of arf1 copi in golgi Biogenesis and maintenance
Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 1998Co-Authors: Jennifer Lippincottschwartz, Nelson B Cole, Julie G DonaldsonAbstract:The secretory apparatus within all eukaryotic cells comprises a dynamic membrane system with bidirectional membrane transport pathways and overlapping compartmental boundaries. Membrane traffic and Organelle Biogenesis/maintenance are fundamentally linked within this system, with perturbations in membrane traffic quickly leading to changes in Organelle structure and identity. Dissection of the molecular basis of these properties in yeast and mammalian cells has revealed a crucial role for the cytoplasmic protein complex ARF1/COPI, which undergoes regulated assembly and disassembly with membranes. ARF1/COPI appears to be involved in the formation and maintenance of the Golgi complex, which is the receiving and delivery station for all secretory traffic. ARF1-GTP, through assembly of COPI to membranes and, possibly, through activation of PLD, is likely to promote the formation and maturation of pre-Golgi intermediates into Golgi elements, whereas ARF-GDP causes COPI dissociation and stimulates the formation of retrograde transport structures that recycle Golgi membrane back to the ER. These processes are appear to underlie the coupling of Organelle Biogenesis and membrane trafficking within cells, allowing the size and shape of secretory Organelles to be altered in response to changing cellular needs. Future work needs to address how the activation and localization of ARF1/COPI to membranes as well as other related factors are temporally and spatially regulated, and by what mechanism they transform membrane shape and dynamics to facilitate protein transport and compartmental functioning.
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Building a secretory apparatus: role of ARF1/COPI in Golgi Biogenesis and maintenance
Histochemistry and Cell Biology, 1998Co-Authors: Jennifer Lippincott-schwartz, Nelson B Cole, Julie G DonaldsonAbstract:The secretory apparatus within all eukaryotic cells comprises a dynamic membrane system with bidirectional membrane transport pathways and overlapping compartmental boundaries. Membrane traffic and Organelle Biogenesis/maintenance are fundamentally linked within this system, with perturbations in membrane traffic quickly leading to changes in Organelle structure and identity. Dissection of the molecular basis of these properties in yeast and mammalian cells has revealed a crucial role for the cytoplasmic protein complex ARF1/COPI, which undergoes regulated assembly and disassembly with membranes. ARF1/COPI appears to be involved in the formation and maintenance of the Golgi complex, which is the receiving and delivery station for all secretory traffic. ARF1-GTP, through assembly of COPI to membranes and, possibly, through activation of PLD, is likely to promote the formation and maturation of pre-Golgi intermediates into Golgi elements, whereas ARF-GDP causes COPI dissociation and stimulates the formation of retrograde transport structures that recycle Golgi membrane back to the ER. These processes are appear to underlie the coupling of Organelle Biogenesis and membrane trafficking within cells, allowing the size and shape of secretory Organelles to be altered in response to changing cellular needs. Future work needs to address how the activation and localization of ARF1/COPI to membranes as well as other related factors are temporally and spatially regulated, and by what mechanism they transform membrane shape and dynamics to facilitate protein transport and compartmental functioning.