The Experts below are selected from a list of 223173 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Andrew K Jorgenson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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are the economy and the environment decoupling a comparative international study 1960 20051
American Journal of Sociology, 2012Co-Authors: Andrew K Jorgenson, Brett ClarkAbstract:Ecological modernization theory posits that even though economic development harms the environment, the magnitude of the harmful link decreases over the course of development. In contrast, the treadmill of Production theory argues that the strong relationship between environmental harms and economic development will remain constant or possibly increase through time. To evaluate these competing propositions, interactions between economic development and time are used in cross-national panel analyses of three measures of carbon dioxide emissions. The results vary across the three outcomes as well as between developed and less developed countries, providing mixed support for both theoretical perspectives. The authors conclude by discussing how both theories could benefit from engaging contemporary research concerning changes within the transnational Organization of Production and the structure of international trade and how these global shifts influence environment/economic development relationships.
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the transnational Organization of Production the scale of degradation and ecoefficiency a study of carbon dioxide emissions in less developed countries
2009Co-Authors: Andrew K JorgensonAbstract:Drawing from prior research and sociological theorization, this study investigates (1) if the transnational Organization of Production in the context of foreign investment dependence contributes to overall levels of environmental degradation, and (2) if transnationally controlled manufacturing is relatively more or less ecoefficient. To do so, fixed effects panel regression analyses of 37 less-developed countries from 1975-2000 are conducted to assess the effects of secondary sector foreign investment on total carbon dioxide emissions and emissions per unit of Production. Findings indicate that foreign investment in manufacturing is positively associated with both outcomes. Additional results suggest that total population, level of development, and export intensity are all positively associated with total emissions and emissions per unit of Production. While supporting theorization about the environmental impacts of foreign investment, this study also underscores the importance of considering both human-ecological and political-economic factors when investigating human-caused environmental degradation.
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does foreign investment harm the air we breathe and the water we drink a cross national study of carbon dioxide emissions and organic water pollution in less developed countries 1975 to 2000
Organization & Environment, 2007Co-Authors: Andrew K JorgensonAbstract:This research investigates the extent to which the transnational Organization of Production in the context of foreign investment dependence affects the environment in less developed countries. Drawing from the theory of foreign investment dependence, the author tests two hypotheses: (a) Foreign investment dependence in the manufacturing sector is positively associated with carbon dioxide emissions in less developed countries, and (b) foreign investment dependence in the manufacturing sector is positively associated with the emission of organic water pollutants in less developed countries. Findings for the ordinary least squares fixed effects panel regression analyses confirm both hypotheses, providing support for the theory. Other results correspond with prior research in the political-economic and structural human ecology traditions.
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the transnational Organization of Production and environmental degradation a cross national study of the effects of foreign capital penetration on water pollution intensity 1980 1995
Social Science Quarterly, 2006Co-Authors: Andrew K JorgensonAbstract:Objective. This study attempts to increase our understanding of the environmental impacts of the transnational Organization of Production in the context of foreign capital penetration. Methods. With a sample of 53 countries, panel analyses using OLS and robust regression are conducted to assess the effects of foreign direct investment in the manufacturing sector on growth in organic water pollution intensity, 1980–1995. Slope‐dummy interaction variables are used to compare the effects in developed countries and less‐developed countries. The tested models include a variety of relevant controls, such as domestic investment, state environmentalism, size of the manufacturing sector, and level of economic development. Results. Findings for the analyses indicate that foreign direct investment in manufacturing positively affects growth in organic water pollution intensity in less‐developed countries, while the effect in developed countries is nonsignificant. Conclusions. This research illustrates the need for social scientists to investigate the environmental impacts of both the transnational Organization of Production and the overall scale of Production in different sectors.
Pol Antras - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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grossman hart 1986 goes global incomplete contracts property rights and the international Organization of Production
Journal of Law Economics & Organization, 2014Co-Authors: Pol AntrasAbstract:I survey the influence of Grossman and Hart's (1986. "The Costs and Benefits of Ownership: A Theory of Vertical and Lateral Integration," 94 Journal of Political Economy 691–719.) seminal paper in the field of International Trade. I discuss the implementation of the theory in open-economy environments and its implications for the international Organization of Production and the structure of international trade flows. I also review empirical work suggestive of the empirical relevance of the property-rights theory. Along the way, I develop novel theoretical results and also outline some of the key limitations of existing contributions. (JEL D23, F10, F12, F14, F21, F23, L22, L23).
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grossman hart 1986 goes global incomplete contracts property rights and the international Organization of Production
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011Co-Authors: Pol AntrasAbstract:I survey the influence of Grossman and Hart's (1986) seminal paper in the field of International Trade. I discuss the implementation of the theory in open-economy environments and its implications for the international Organization of Production and the structure of international trade flows. I also review empirical work suggestive of the empirical relevance of the property-rights theory. Along the way, I develop novel theoretical results and also outline some of the key limitations of existing contributions.
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contractual frictions and global sourcing
Research Papers in Economics, 2007Co-Authors: Pol Antras, Elhanan HelpmanAbstract:We generalize the Antras and Helpman (2004) model of the international Organization of Production in order to accommodate varying degrees of contractual frictions. In particular, we allow the degree of contractibility to vary across inputs and countries. A continuum of firms with heterogeneous productivities decide whether to integrate or outsource the Production of intermediate inputs, and from which country to source them. Final-good producers and their suppliers make relationship-specific investments which are only partially contractible, both in an integrated firm and in an arm’s-length relationship. We describe equilibria in which firms with different productivity levels choose different ownership structures and supplier locations, and then study the effects of changes in the quality of contractual institutions on the relative prevalence of these Organizational forms. Better contracting institutions in the South raise the prevalence of offshoring, but may reduce the relative prevalence of FDI or foreign outsourcing. The impact on the composition of offshoring depends on whether the institutional improvement affects disproportionately the contractibility of a particular input. A key message of the paper is that improvements in the contractibility of inputs controlled by final-good producers have different effects than improvements in the contractibility of inputs controlled by suppliers.
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contractual frictions and global sourcing
The Organization of Firms in a Global Economy, 2006Co-Authors: Pol Antras, Elhanan HelpmanAbstract:We generalize the Antras and Helpman (2004) model of the international Organization of Production in order to accommodate varying degrees of contractual frictions. In particular, we allow the degree of contractibility to vary across inputs and countries. A continuum of …rms with heterogeneous productivities decide whether to integrate or outsource the Production of intermediate inputs, and from which country to source them. Final-good producers and their suppliers make relationship-speci…c investments which are only partially contractible, both in an integrated …rm and in an arm’s-length relationship. We describe equilibria in which …rms
Jennifer Johns - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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video games Production networks value capture power relations and embeddedness
Social Science Research Network, 2006Co-Authors: Jennifer JohnsAbstract:This paper has two main aims. Firstly to conceptualize the Production networks of the video games industry through an examination of its evolution into a multi-million dollar industry. Secondly, to use the video games industry to demonstrate the utility of Global Production Network approaches to understanding the geographically uneven impacts of globalization processes. In particular, three key notions of value, power and embeddedness are used to reveal the most powerful actors in the Production network, how they maintain and exercise their power, and how the Organization of Production is manipulated as a result. It is argued that while hardware Production is organized by console manufacturers using truly global sourcing strategies, the Production of software is far more complex. In fact, software Production networks are bounded within three major economic regions: Western Europe, North America and Asia Pacific. This paper seeks to explain how and why this has occurred.
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video games Production networks value capture power relations and embeddedness
Journal of Economic Geography, 2006Co-Authors: Jennifer JohnsAbstract:This paper has two main aims. Firstly to conceptualize the Production networks of the video games industry through an examination of its evolution into a multi-million dollar industry. Secondly, to use the video games industry to demonstrate the utility of Global Production Network approaches to understanding the geographically uneven impacts of globalization processes. In particular, three key notions of value, power and embeddedness are used to reveal the most powerful actors in the Production network, how they maintain and exercise their power, and how the Organization of Production is manipulated as a result. It is argued that while hardware Production is organized by console manufacturers using truly global sourcing strategies, the Production of software is far more complex. In fact, software Production networks are bounded within three major economic regions: Western Europe, North America and Asia Pacific. This paper seeks to explain how and why this has occurred. Copyright 2006, Oxford University Press.
Dalia Marin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a new international division of labor in europe outsourcing and offshoring to eastern europe
Journal of the European Economic Association. Reprint in: J. Winiecki (ed.): Competitiveness in New Europe, 2008Co-Authors: Dalia MarinAbstract:Europe is reorganizing its international value chain. I document these changes in Europe’s international Organization of Production with new survey data of Austrian and German firms investing in Eastern Europe. I show estimates of the share of intra-firm trade between Austria and Germany on the one hand and Eastern Europe on the other. Furthermore, I present empirical evidence of the drivers of the new division of labour in Europe. I find among other things that falling trade costs and falling corruption levels as well as improvements in the contracting environment in Eastern Europe are affecting the level of intra-firm imports from Eastern Europe. They are also favouring outsourcing over offshoring. Low Organizational costs of hierarchies and large costs of hold-up (when there are no alternative investors in Old Europe or no alternative suppliers in Eastern Europe) are favouring offshoring over outsourcing. Tax holidays granted by host countries in Eastern Europe also mildly affect the Organizational choice.
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a new international division of labor in europe outsourcing and offshoring to eastern europe
Journal of the European Economic Association, 2006Co-Authors: Dalia MarinAbstract:Europe is reorganizing its international value chain. I document these changes in Europe’s international Organization of Production with new survey data of Austrian and German firms investing in Eastern Europe. I show estimates of the share of intrafirm trade between Austria or Germany on the one hand and Eastern Europe on the other. Furthermore, I present empirical evidence of the drivers of the new division of labor in Europe. I find among other things that falling trade costs and reduced levels of corruption as well as improvements in the contracting environment in Eastern Europe are affecting the level of intrafirm imports from that region. These factors also favor outsourcing over offshoring. In contrast, low Organizational costs of hierarchies and large costs of holdup (when there are no alternative investors in Old Europe or no alternative suppliers in Eastern Europe) favor offshoring over outsourcing. Tax holidays granted by host countries in Eastern Europe also mildly affect the Organizational choice.
Richard Florida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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japanese maquiladoras Production Organization and global commodity chains
World Development, 1994Co-Authors: Martin Kenney, Richard FloridaAbstract:Abstract During the last decade at least 66 Japanese maquiladoras have been established in Mexico employing in excess of 20,000 workers. This paper examines the Organization of Production in these plants and the insertion of these Production activities in the global commodity chains of these firms. Managers at 17 firms were interviewed either in person or by telephone and 10 of the plants were visited. The results indicate that the Production Organization and labor-management relationships resembled that of temporary employees in Japan. Most of the activities undertaken in the maquiladoras are relatively low-skill level, labor-intensive activities. In Tijuana there are now at least 31 Japanese maquiladoras most of which are in the electronics industry and these include a number of Japanese suppliers, thereby creating a proto-industrial complex.
