The Experts below are selected from a list of 309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Beverly A. Nuchols - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of the social Organization of Work on the voluntary turnover rate of hospital nurses in the united states
Social Science & Medicine, 1992Co-Authors: Joan R. Bloom, Jeffrey A. Alexander, Beverly A. NucholsAbstract:In light of current concerns over nursing shortages and productivity, voluntary turnover among hospital nurses in the United States has assumed renewed importance as a managerial issue. This study examines the thesis that the social Organization of Work in hospitals is an important determinant of the voluntary turnover rate among registered nurses. This perspective differs from previous Work in this area in that both turnover and its determinants are conceptualized at the Organizational rather than individual level, thus opening the way for administrative intervention to reduce turnover. The conceptual model is tested using multiple regression techniques on a sample of 435 hospitals. Results suggest that Organizational characteristics and environmental conditions are important contributors to turnover. Organizational characteristics are stronger predictors of turnover than are economic factors.
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The Effect of the Social Organization of Work on Voluntary Tunover of Hospital Nurses in the United States
1991Co-Authors: Joan R. Bloom, Jeffrey A. Alexander, Beverly A. NucholsAbstract:In light of current concerns over nursing shortages and productivity, turnover among hospital nurses in the United States has assumed renewed importance as a managerial issue. This study examines the thesis that the social Organization of Work in hospitals is an importnt determinate of voluntary turnover among among registered nurses. This perspective differed from previous Work in this area in that both turnover and its determinants are conceptualized at the Organizational rather than individual level, thus opening the way for adminisrtative intervention to reduce turnover. The conceptual model is tested using multiple regression techniques on a sample of 435 hospitals. Results suggest that both Organizational characteristics and enviromental conditions are important contributors to turnover.
Brian R Johnson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Limited flexibility in the temporal caste system of the honey bee
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2005Co-Authors: Brian R JohnsonAbstract:Caste theory predicts that social insect colonies are organized into stable groups of Workers specialized on particular task sets. Alternative concepts of Organization of Work suggest that colonies are composed of extremely flexible Workers able to perform any task as demand necessitates. I explored the flexibility of Workers in temporal castes of the honey bee Apis mellifera by determining the ability of colonies to reorganize labor after a major demographic disturbance. I evaluated the flexibility of temporal castes by comparing the foraging rates of colonies having just lost their foragers with colonies having also lost their foragers but having been given a week to reorganize. The population sizes and contents of the colonies in each group were equalized and foraging rates were recorded for one week. Colonies given a week’s initial recovery time after the loss of their foragers were found to forage at significantly higher rates than those colonies given no initial recovery time. This result was consistent for nectar and pollen foraging. These results suggest that honeybee Workers lack sufficient flexibility to reorganize labor without compromising foraging. This finding is consistent with the caste concept model of Organization of Work in insect societies.
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Organization of Work in the honeybee a compromise between division of labour and behavioural flexibility
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2003Co-Authors: Brian R JohnsonAbstract:Although the caste concept has been central to our understanding of the Organization of Work in social insect colonies, the concept has been the subject of considerable recent criticism. Theoretically, it has been suggested that temporal castes are too inflexible to allow a colony to rapidly reallocate labour in response to changing conditions. In addition, several authors have suggested that task switching is so prevalent that it precludes even the possibility of a rigidly controlled temporal caste system. This study addresses these two criticisms by presenting and testing a revision of the temporal caste concept that recognizes two categories of tasks: those that require a physiological specialization for their efficient performance, and those that all Workers are equally able to perform. Only those tasks requiring a physiological specialization are relevant to the temporal caste concept. Two castes of honeybees were shown to vary in response to increased nectar influx, which requires a physiological specialization, but not to heat stress, which requires no specialization. This Work suggests that the Organization of Work in social insect colonies reflects a compromise between selection for the benefits of division of labour and opposing selection for flexibility in task allocation.
Istvan Karsai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Organization of Work via a Natural Substance: Regulation of Nest Construction in Social Wasps
Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2002Co-Authors: Istvan Karsai, Gábor BalázsiAbstract:In social insects, colony-level complexity emerges from simple individual-level behaviors and interactions. In the evolution of insect societies, selection has acted to promote efficiency through division of labor. Nest construction of social wasps is an excellent model system to study division of labor and the performance of a decentralized behavioral regulation. After re-examination of Jeanne's (1996) demand-driven "non-taskmates feedback" hypothesis, an alternative mechanism is suggested whereby the regulation of behavior is based on a natural substance (water) which is itself also a building material. By experimenting with a simple model system, we show that the model's predictions agree with observational data and cover a wide range of evolutionary transitions. According to the internal and external parameters, the colony builds up storage of water that is used both as regulator and building material. Through individual interactions, pulp foragers and water foragers emerge from general laborers and their ratio becomes balanced. The emergent foragers ensure both the stabilization of the quantity of stored water and the steady construction of the nest according to the given conditions. Perturbations of the system alter colony-level dynamics in a similar way as was observed in nature: water and pulp addition increase pulp arrivals and building rate; removal of pulp foragers decreases pulp input and construction rate, but not the water influx; removal of water foragers causes overcompensation of water input after a delay. After comparing the predictions of the model to natural data, assumptions found in the literature on Organization of Work and regulation of behavior are re-examined. A new, more parsimonious model of Organization of Work is proposed that may cover wide variety of cases where hormones and learning cannot be accounted for the regulation of behavior.
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productivity individual level and colony level flexibility and Organization of Work as consequences of colony size
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1998Co-Authors: Istvan Karsai, John W WenzelAbstract:In social insects, colony-level complexity may emerge from simple individual-level behaviors and interactions. Emergent global properties such as colony size, which can be viewed as a consequence of life history traits, may influence individual-level behaviors themselves. The effects of colony size on productivity, body size, behavioral flexibility, and colony Organization are examined here by considering colony size as an independent variable. Large colony size commonly corresponds with complex colony-level performance, small body size, and lower per capita productivity. Analyzing the construction behavior of various wasp societies reveals that complexity of individual behavior is inversely related to colony size. Parallel processing by specialists in large colonies provides flexible and efficient colony-level functioning. On the other hand, individual behavioral flexibility of jack-of-all trades Workers ensures success of the small and early societies.
John W Wenzel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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productivity individual level and colony level flexibility and Organization of Work as consequences of colony size
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1998Co-Authors: Istvan Karsai, John W WenzelAbstract:In social insects, colony-level complexity may emerge from simple individual-level behaviors and interactions. Emergent global properties such as colony size, which can be viewed as a consequence of life history traits, may influence individual-level behaviors themselves. The effects of colony size on productivity, body size, behavioral flexibility, and colony Organization are examined here by considering colony size as an independent variable. Large colony size commonly corresponds with complex colony-level performance, small body size, and lower per capita productivity. Analyzing the construction behavior of various wasp societies reveals that complexity of individual behavior is inversely related to colony size. Parallel processing by specialists in large colonies provides flexible and efficient colony-level functioning. On the other hand, individual behavioral flexibility of jack-of-all trades Workers ensures success of the small and early societies.
Joan R. Bloom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of the social Organization of Work on the voluntary turnover rate of hospital nurses in the united states
Social Science & Medicine, 1992Co-Authors: Joan R. Bloom, Jeffrey A. Alexander, Beverly A. NucholsAbstract:In light of current concerns over nursing shortages and productivity, voluntary turnover among hospital nurses in the United States has assumed renewed importance as a managerial issue. This study examines the thesis that the social Organization of Work in hospitals is an important determinant of the voluntary turnover rate among registered nurses. This perspective differs from previous Work in this area in that both turnover and its determinants are conceptualized at the Organizational rather than individual level, thus opening the way for administrative intervention to reduce turnover. The conceptual model is tested using multiple regression techniques on a sample of 435 hospitals. Results suggest that Organizational characteristics and environmental conditions are important contributors to turnover. Organizational characteristics are stronger predictors of turnover than are economic factors.
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The Effect of the Social Organization of Work on Voluntary Tunover of Hospital Nurses in the United States
1991Co-Authors: Joan R. Bloom, Jeffrey A. Alexander, Beverly A. NucholsAbstract:In light of current concerns over nursing shortages and productivity, turnover among hospital nurses in the United States has assumed renewed importance as a managerial issue. This study examines the thesis that the social Organization of Work in hospitals is an importnt determinate of voluntary turnover among among registered nurses. This perspective differed from previous Work in this area in that both turnover and its determinants are conceptualized at the Organizational rather than individual level, thus opening the way for adminisrtative intervention to reduce turnover. The conceptual model is tested using multiple regression techniques on a sample of 435 hospitals. Results suggest that both Organizational characteristics and enviromental conditions are important contributors to turnover.
