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G. J. Macfarlane - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Unexplained Orofacial Pain – is an early diagnosis possible?
British Dental Journal, 2008Co-Authors: V. R. Aggarwal, J. Mcbeth, J. M. Zakrzewska, G. J. MacfarlaneAbstract:Aim To identify distinct characteristics of unexplained Orofacial Pain that could be used by dental practitioners in making an early diagnosis. Methods Subjects reporting Orofacial Pain in a postal questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey were invited for clinical examination. The interviewer was blinded to the questionnaire responses of the subjects. A diagnosis was made following the examination and subjects were assigned into two groups: unexplained Pain and dental Pain. The questionnaire responses of subjects who had consulted a healthcare professional within these two groups were then compared with particular attention to demographics, Orofacial Pain characteristics, consultation behaviour and relationship with other unexplained syndromes. Results Subjects who had consulted for their Pain and were assigned to the unexplained Orofacial Pain group were significantly (p
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unexplained Orofacial Pain is an early diagnosis possible
British Dental Journal, 2008Co-Authors: V. R. Aggarwal, Joanna M Zakrzewska, J. Mcbeth, G. J. MacfarlaneAbstract:Aim To identify distinct characteristics of unexplained Orofacial Pain that could be used by dental practitioners in making an early diagnosis.Methods Subjects reporting Orofacial Pain in a postal questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey were invited for clinical examination. The interviewer was blinded to the questionnaire responses of the subjects. A diagnosis was made following the examination and subjects were assigned into two groups: unexplained Pain and dental Pain. The questionnaire responses of subjects who had consulted a healthcare professional within these two groups were then compared with particular attention to demographics, Orofacial Pain characteristics, consultation behaviour and relationship with other unexplained syndromes.Results Subjects who had consulted for their Pain and were assigned to the unexplained Orofacial Pain group were significantly (p <0.05) more likely to report the following characteristics: Pain descriptors (nagging, aching, tingling), Pain pattern (worse with stress), site (poorly localised), duration (persistent/chronic), high disability, multiple consultations and co-morbidities (teeth grinding, reporting of other unexplained syndromes).Conclusion This study has shown that unexplained Orofacial Pain has distinct characteristics that differentiate it from other common dental conditions. This provides a good evidence base which can reduce uncertainty among dental practitioners, allowing them to make an early diagnosis.
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Orofacial Pain just another chronic Pain results from a population based survey
Pain, 2002Co-Authors: Tatiana V Macfarlane, A S Blinkhorn, R M Davies, Philip Ryan, H V Worthington, G. J. MacfarlaneAbstract:Features of somatisation have been shown to predict the onset of widespread body Pain. This study aims to determine to what extent persons with Orofacial Pain syndromes share these features and to what extent they are uniquely related to oral mechanical factors. We have conducted a population-based cross-sectional survey in the South-East Cheshire area of the United Kingdom involving 2504 individuals aged 18–65 years. All participants completed a postal questionnaire which enquired about the occurrence of both Orofacial Pain and widespread body Pain. It also enquired about potential risk factors for one or both conditions. In total, 473 subjects (23%) reported Orofacial Pain only, 123 (6%) widespread Pain only, while 85 (4%) reported both. The number reporting both was significantly higher than would be expected if the symptoms were independent (P<0.001). Several oral mechanical factors were significantly associated with both Orofacial Pain and widespread body Pain (grinding teeth, clicking jaw, missing teeth), while two (facial trauma, locking jaw) were specifically related to Orofacial Pain. Both Pain syndromes were associated equally with high levels of psychological distress, indicators of somatisation and maladaptive response to illness. These results suggest that Orofacial Pain syndromes may commonly be a manifestation of the process of somatisation and the excess reporting of some local mechanical factors amongst persons with these symptoms, may not be uniquely associated with Pain in the Orofacial region.
Annie Thompson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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LibGuides: Orofacial Pain, Oral Medicine & Dental Sleep Medicine: Orofacial Pain
2011Co-Authors: Annie ThompsonAbstract:This guide will point you to resources that focus on Orofacial Pain, oral medicine and dental sleep medicine as well as oral pathology.
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Research Guides: Orofacial Pain, Oral Medicine & Dental Sleep Medicine: Orofacial Pain
2011Co-Authors: Annie ThompsonAbstract:This guide will point you to resources that focus on Orofacial Pain, oral medicine and dental sleep medicine as well as oral pathology.
P. Szczyrek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Occlusal Stabilization Splint Therapy in Orofacial Pain and Tension-Type
2013Co-Authors: J. Kostrzewa-janicka, E. Mierzwinska-nastalska, D. Rolski, P. SzczyrekAbstract:Studies suggest an association between Orofacial Pain, accompanying temporomandibular disorders of myogenous origin, and headache, especially its tension-type. The occlusal appliance therapy is one of the options for the treatment of Orofacial Pain due to masticatory muscles tenderness. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of occlusal stabilization splint therapy in myofascial Pain and tensiontype headache in patients with sleep-disordered breathing. Forty three such patients were enrolled into the study group. The patients were treated with stabilization occlusal splint of vertical thickness at vertical jaw separation, established individually for each patient using a cephalometric analysis. The intensity of Orofacial Pain (numeric rating scale) and headache (analog rating scale), frequency of headache (%), and jaw qualitative function were assessed at baseline and after 2 and 6 months. Medians of headache and Orofacial Pain intensity were reduced after 6 months of treatment compared with baseline: 6.0 vs. 2.0 (p < 0.0001) and 6.0 vs. 1.0 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Pain decreased below 3 score points in 61.8 % of the patients with headache (p ¼ 0.23) and in 85.3 % of patients with Orofacial Pain (p < 0.0001). Overall, the improvement in both signs and symptoms of Orofacial Pain was observed 81.4 % of patients after using occlusal stabilization splint for 6 months. We
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occlusal stabilization splint therapy in Orofacial Pain and tension type headache
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2013Co-Authors: Jolanta Kostrzewajanicka, D. Rolski, Elzbieta Mierzwinskanastalska, P. SzczyrekAbstract:Studies suggest an association between Orofacial Pain, accompanying temporomandibular disorders of myogenous origin, and headache, especially its tension-type. The occlusal appliance therapy is one of the options for the treatment of Orofacial Pain due to masticatory muscles tenderness. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of occlusal stabilization splint therapy in myofascial Pain and tension-type headache in patients with sleep-disordered breathing. Forty three such patients were enrolled into the study group. The patients were treated with stabilization occlusal splint of vertical thickness at vertical jaw separation, established individually for each patient using a cephalometric analysis. The intensity of Orofacial Pain (numeric rating scale) and headache (analog rating scale), frequency of headache (%), and jaw qualitative function were assessed at baseline and after 2 and 6 months. Medians of headache and Orofacial Pain intensity were reduced after 6 months of treatment compared with baseline: 6.0 vs. 2.0 (p < 0.0001) and 6.0 vs. 1.0 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Pain decreased below 3 score points in 61.8 % of the patients with headache (p = 0.23) and in 85.3 % of patients with Orofacial Pain (p < 0.0001). Overall, the improvement in both signs and symptoms of Orofacial Pain was observed 81.4 % of patients after using occlusal stabilization splint for 6 months. We conclude that occlusal stabilization splint was effective in reducing Painful symptoms of temporomandibular disorders of myogenous origin, a frequent feature of sleep disordered breathing.
Erik J. A. Scherder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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psychometric evaluation of the Orofacial Pain scale for non verbal individuals as a screening tool for Orofacial Pain in people with dementia
Gerodontology, 2018Co-Authors: Frank Lobbezoo, Suzanne Delwel, Roberto S. G. M. Perez, Andrea B. Maier, Cees M.p.m. Hertogh, Henrica C.w. De Vet, Erik J. A. ScherderAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the psychometric evaluation of the Orofacial Pain Scale for Non-Verbal Individuals (OPS-NVI) as a screening tool for Orofacial Pain in people with dementia. BACKGROUND: The OPS-NVI has recently been developed and needs psychometric evaluation for clinical use in people with dementia. The Pain self-report is imperative as a reference standard and can be provided by people with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment. METHODS: The presence of Orofacial Pain during rest, drinking, chewing and oral hygiene care was observed in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia using the OPS-NVI. Participants who were considered to present a reliable self-report were asked about Pain presence, and in all participants, the oral health was examined by a dentist for the presence of potential Painful conditions. After item-reduction, inter-rater reliability and criterion validity were determined. RESULTS: The presence of Orofacial Pain in this population was low (0%-10%), resulting in an average Positive Agreement of 0%-100%, an average Negative Agreement of 77%-100%, a sensitivity of 0%-100% and a specificity of 66%-100% for the individual items of the OPS-NVI. At the same time, the presence of oral problems, such as ulcers, tooth root remnants and caries was high (64.5%). CONCLUSION: The Orofacial Pain presence in this MCI and dementia population was low, resulting in low scores for average Positive Agreement and sensitivity and high scores for average Negative Agreement and specificity. Therefore, the OPS-NVI in its current form cannot be recommended as a screening tool for Orofacial Pain in people with MCI and dementia. However, the inter-rater reliability and criterion validity of the individual items in this study provide more insight for the further adjustment of the OPS-NVI for diagnostic use. Notably, oral health problems were frequently present, although no Pain was reported or observed, indicating that oral health problems cannot be used as a new reference standard for Orofacial Pain, and a regular oral examination by care providers and oral hygiene care professionals remains indispensable.
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Psychometric evaluation of the Orofacial Pain Scale for Non‐Verbal Individuals as a screening tool for Orofacial Pain in people with dementia
Gerodontology, 2018Co-Authors: Suzanne Delwel, Frank Lobbezoo, Roberto S. G. M. Perez, Andrea B. Maier, Cees M.p.m. Hertogh, Henrica C.w. De Vet, Erik J. A. ScherderAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the psychometric evaluation of the Orofacial Pain Scale for Non-Verbal Individuals (OPS-NVI) as a screening tool for Orofacial Pain in people with dementia. BACKGROUND: The OPS-NVI has recently been developed and needs psychometric evaluation for clinical use in people with dementia. The Pain self-report is imperative as a reference standard and can be provided by people with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment. METHODS: The presence of Orofacial Pain during rest, drinking, chewing and oral hygiene care was observed in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia using the OPS-NVI. Participants who were considered to present a reliable self-report were asked about Pain presence, and in all participants, the oral health was examined by a dentist for the presence of potential Painful conditions. After item-reduction, inter-rater reliability and criterion validity were determined. RESULTS: The presence of Orofacial Pain in this population was low (0%-10%), resulting in an average Positive Agreement of 0%-100%, an average Negative Agreement of 77%-100%, a sensitivity of 0%-100% and a specificity of 66%-100% for the individual items of the OPS-NVI. At the same time, the presence of oral problems, such as ulcers, tooth root remnants and caries was high (64.5%). CONCLUSION: The Orofacial Pain presence in this MCI and dementia population was low, resulting in low scores for average Positive Agreement and sensitivity and high scores for average Negative Agreement and specificity. Therefore, the OPS-NVI in its current form cannot be recommended as a screening tool for Orofacial Pain in people with MCI and dementia. However, the inter-rater reliability and criterion validity of the individual items in this study provide more insight for the further adjustment of the OPS-NVI for diagnostic use. Notably, oral health problems were frequently present, although no Pain was reported or observed, indicating that oral health problems cannot be used as a new reference standard for Orofacial Pain, and a regular oral examination by care providers and oral hygiene care professionals remains indispensable.
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Orofacial Pain and Mastication in Dementia.
Current Alzheimer Research, 2017Co-Authors: Frank Lobbezoo, Suzanne Delwel, R.a.f. Weijenberg, Erik J. A. ScherderAbstract:Orofacial Pain is a common condition in the general population. It is likely that this is also the case in older persons with a dementia. However, the assessment of (Orofacial) Pain in non-verbal individuals is hampered by the subjective nature of Pain, and their limited communicative abilities. To overcome this drawback, several tools have been developed for the assessment of Pain based on observations of Pain-specific facial activities, body movements, and vocalizations. Unfortunately, none of the so far developed observational tools have been designed specifically for the assessment of Orofacial Pain. While the recent psychometric testing of the Orofacial MOBID Pain Scale did not yield reliable outcomes, the subsequently developed Orofacial Pain Scale for Non-Verbal Individuals (OPS-NVI) is currently being evaluated and shows good promise to be reliable and valid. Besides the assessment of Orofacial Pain, an important application of this instrument will be the investigation of the probable causal association between impaired chewing and cognitive decline, in which Orofacial Pain plays a mediating role by its negative influence on chewing ability. The identification of this negative influence will urge opinion leaders and policy makers to improve the oral health status in older persons with a dementia. Ultimately, Pain-free oral functioning may lead to a higher quality of life and might help stabilizing or improving cognition in this frail and vulnerable patient population.
Suzanne Delwel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Orofacial Pain During Rest and Chewing in Dementia Patients Admitted to Acute Hospital Wards: Validity Testing of the Orofacial Pain Scale for Non-Verbal Individuals.
Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache, 2019Co-Authors: Liza J. M. Van De Rijt, Frank Lobbezoo, Suzanne Delwel, R.a.f. Weijenberg, Alexandra R Feast, Victoria Vickerstaff, Elizabeth L SampsonAbstract:Aims: To assess the validity of the resting and chewing components of the recently developed observational diagnostic tool, the Orofacial Pain Scale for Non-Verbal Individuals (OPS-NVI). Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in two UK hospitals. A total of 56 participants with dementia who were admitted to the acute hospital were observed for 3 minutes during rest and during chewing, and the OPS-NVI was used to identify Orofacial Pain. Afterwards, the participants were asked about the presence of Orofacial Pain using self-report Pain scales. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) of the OPS-NVI were calculated for each activity. Spearman coefficient was calculated to assess the correlation between the number of positively scored behavior items of the OPS-NVI and the presence of Orofacial Pain according to self-report. Results: According to the OPS-NVI, Orofacial Pain was present in 5.4% of participants during rest and in 9.1% during chewing. According to self-report, the prevalence of Orofacial Pain was 5.4% during rest and 10.7% during chewing. The specificity of the OPS-NVI was 98.1% to 100%, the sensitivity was 66.7% to 83.3%, and the AUROC was 0.824 to 0.917. The predictive validity showed a strong correlation (0.633 to 0.930, P < .001) between the number of positive behavior items and the self-reported presence of Orofacial Pain. Conclusion: The resting and chewing components of the OPS-NVI showed promising concurrent and predictive validity. Nevertheless, further validation is required and highly recommended.
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Psychometric evaluation of the Orofacial Pain Scale for Non‐Verbal Individuals as a screening tool for Orofacial Pain in people with dementia
Gerodontology, 2018Co-Authors: Suzanne Delwel, Frank Lobbezoo, Roberto S. G. M. Perez, Andrea B. Maier, Cees M.p.m. Hertogh, Henrica C.w. De Vet, Erik J. A. ScherderAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the psychometric evaluation of the Orofacial Pain Scale for Non-Verbal Individuals (OPS-NVI) as a screening tool for Orofacial Pain in people with dementia. BACKGROUND: The OPS-NVI has recently been developed and needs psychometric evaluation for clinical use in people with dementia. The Pain self-report is imperative as a reference standard and can be provided by people with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment. METHODS: The presence of Orofacial Pain during rest, drinking, chewing and oral hygiene care was observed in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia using the OPS-NVI. Participants who were considered to present a reliable self-report were asked about Pain presence, and in all participants, the oral health was examined by a dentist for the presence of potential Painful conditions. After item-reduction, inter-rater reliability and criterion validity were determined. RESULTS: The presence of Orofacial Pain in this population was low (0%-10%), resulting in an average Positive Agreement of 0%-100%, an average Negative Agreement of 77%-100%, a sensitivity of 0%-100% and a specificity of 66%-100% for the individual items of the OPS-NVI. At the same time, the presence of oral problems, such as ulcers, tooth root remnants and caries was high (64.5%). CONCLUSION: The Orofacial Pain presence in this MCI and dementia population was low, resulting in low scores for average Positive Agreement and sensitivity and high scores for average Negative Agreement and specificity. Therefore, the OPS-NVI in its current form cannot be recommended as a screening tool for Orofacial Pain in people with MCI and dementia. However, the inter-rater reliability and criterion validity of the individual items in this study provide more insight for the further adjustment of the OPS-NVI for diagnostic use. Notably, oral health problems were frequently present, although no Pain was reported or observed, indicating that oral health problems cannot be used as a new reference standard for Orofacial Pain, and a regular oral examination by care providers and oral hygiene care professionals remains indispensable.
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psychometric evaluation of the Orofacial Pain scale for non verbal individuals as a screening tool for Orofacial Pain in people with dementia
Gerodontology, 2018Co-Authors: Frank Lobbezoo, Suzanne Delwel, Roberto S. G. M. Perez, Andrea B. Maier, Cees M.p.m. Hertogh, Henrica C.w. De Vet, Erik J. A. ScherderAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the psychometric evaluation of the Orofacial Pain Scale for Non-Verbal Individuals (OPS-NVI) as a screening tool for Orofacial Pain in people with dementia. BACKGROUND: The OPS-NVI has recently been developed and needs psychometric evaluation for clinical use in people with dementia. The Pain self-report is imperative as a reference standard and can be provided by people with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment. METHODS: The presence of Orofacial Pain during rest, drinking, chewing and oral hygiene care was observed in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia using the OPS-NVI. Participants who were considered to present a reliable self-report were asked about Pain presence, and in all participants, the oral health was examined by a dentist for the presence of potential Painful conditions. After item-reduction, inter-rater reliability and criterion validity were determined. RESULTS: The presence of Orofacial Pain in this population was low (0%-10%), resulting in an average Positive Agreement of 0%-100%, an average Negative Agreement of 77%-100%, a sensitivity of 0%-100% and a specificity of 66%-100% for the individual items of the OPS-NVI. At the same time, the presence of oral problems, such as ulcers, tooth root remnants and caries was high (64.5%). CONCLUSION: The Orofacial Pain presence in this MCI and dementia population was low, resulting in low scores for average Positive Agreement and sensitivity and high scores for average Negative Agreement and specificity. Therefore, the OPS-NVI in its current form cannot be recommended as a screening tool for Orofacial Pain in people with MCI and dementia. However, the inter-rater reliability and criterion validity of the individual items in this study provide more insight for the further adjustment of the OPS-NVI for diagnostic use. Notably, oral health problems were frequently present, although no Pain was reported or observed, indicating that oral health problems cannot be used as a new reference standard for Orofacial Pain, and a regular oral examination by care providers and oral hygiene care professionals remains indispensable.
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Orofacial Pain and Mastication in Dementia.
Current Alzheimer Research, 2017Co-Authors: Frank Lobbezoo, Suzanne Delwel, R.a.f. Weijenberg, Erik J. A. ScherderAbstract:Orofacial Pain is a common condition in the general population. It is likely that this is also the case in older persons with a dementia. However, the assessment of (Orofacial) Pain in non-verbal individuals is hampered by the subjective nature of Pain, and their limited communicative abilities. To overcome this drawback, several tools have been developed for the assessment of Pain based on observations of Pain-specific facial activities, body movements, and vocalizations. Unfortunately, none of the so far developed observational tools have been designed specifically for the assessment of Orofacial Pain. While the recent psychometric testing of the Orofacial MOBID Pain Scale did not yield reliable outcomes, the subsequently developed Orofacial Pain Scale for Non-Verbal Individuals (OPS-NVI) is currently being evaluated and shows good promise to be reliable and valid. Besides the assessment of Orofacial Pain, an important application of this instrument will be the investigation of the probable causal association between impaired chewing and cognitive decline, in which Orofacial Pain plays a mediating role by its negative influence on chewing ability. The identification of this negative influence will urge opinion leaders and policy makers to improve the oral health status in older persons with a dementia. Ultimately, Pain-free oral functioning may lead to a higher quality of life and might help stabilizing or improving cognition in this frail and vulnerable patient population.
