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Anirban Pathak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Orthogonal-State-based and semi-quantum protocols for quantum private comparison in noisy environment
International Journal of Quantum Information, 2018Co-Authors: Kishore Thapliyal, Rishi Dutt Sharma, Anirban PathakAbstract:Private comparison is a primitive for many cryptographic tasks, and recently several schemes for the quantum private comparison (QPC) have been proposed, where two users can compare the equality of...
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Orthogonal-State-based and semi-quantum protocols for quantum private comparison in noisy environment
International Journal of Quantum Information, 2018Co-Authors: Kishore Thapliyal, Rishi Dutt Sharma, Anirban PathakAbstract:Private comparison is a primitive for many cryptographic tasks, and recently several schemes for the quantum private comparison (QPC) have been proposed, where two users can compare the equality of their secrets with the help of a semi-honest third party (TP) without knowing each other’s secret and without disclosing the same to the TP. In the existing schemes, secrecy is obtained by using conjugate coding, and considering all participants as quantum users who can perform measurement(s) and/or create States in basis other than computational basis. In contrast, here we propose two new protocols for QPC, first of which does not use conjugate coding (uses Orthogonal States only) and the second one allows the users other than TP to be classical whose activities are restricted to either reflecting a quantum State or measuring it in computational basis. Further, the performance of the protocols is evaluated under various noise models.
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Two-step Orthogonal-State-based protocol of quantum secure direct communication with the help of order-rearrangement technique
Quantum Information Processing, 2014Co-Authors: Preeti Yadav, R. Srikanth, Anirban PathakAbstract:The Goldenberg–Vaidman (GV) protocol for quantum key distribution uses Orthogonal encoding States of a particle. Its security arises because operations accessible to Eve are insufficient to distinguish the two States encoding the secret bit. We propose a two-particle cryptographic protocol for quantum secure direct communication, wherein Orthogonal States encode the secret, and security arises from restricting Eve from accessing any two-particle operations. However, there is a non-trivial difference between the two cases. While the encoding States are perfectly indistinguishable in GV, they are partially distinguishable in the bipartite case, leading to a qualitatively different kind of information-versus-disturbance trade-off and also options for Eve in the two cases.
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Protocols of quantum key agreement solely using Bell States and Bell measurement
Quantum Information Processing, 2014Co-Authors: Chitra Shukla, Nasir Alam, Anirban PathakAbstract:Two protocols of quantum key agreement (QKA) that solely use Bell State and Bell measurement are proposed. The first protocol of QKA proposed here is designed for two-party QKA, whereas the second protocol is designed for multi-party QKA. The proposed protocols are also generalized to implement QKA using a set of multi-partite entangled States (e.g., 4-qubit cluster State and $$\Omega $$ Ω State). Security of these protocols arises from the monogamy of entanglement. This is in contrast to the existing protocols of QKA where security arises from the use of non-Orthogonal State (non-commutativity principle). Further, it is shown that all the quantum systems that are useful for implementation of quantum dialogue and most of the protocols of secure direct quantum communication can be modified to implement protocols of QKA.
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Orthogonal State based cryptography in quantum mechanics and local post quantum theories
arXiv: Quantum Physics, 2014Co-Authors: S. Aravinda, Anirban Pathak, Anindita Banerjee, R. SrikanthAbstract:We introduce the concept of cryptographic reduction, in analogy with a similar concept in computational complexity theory. In this framework, class $A$ of crypto-protocols reduces to protocol class $B$ in a scenario $X$, if for every instance $a$ of $A$, there is an instance $b$ of $B$ and a secure transformation $X$ that reproduces $a$ given $b$, such that the security of $b$ guarantees the security of $a$. Here we employ this reductive framework to study the relationship between security in quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum secure direct communication (QSDC). We show that replacing the streaming of independent qubits in a QKD scheme by block encoding and transmission (permuting the order of particles block by block) of qubits, we can construct a QSDC scheme. This forms the basis for the \textit{block reduction} from a QSDC class of protocols to a QKD class of protocols, whereby if the latter is secure, then so is the former. Conversely, given a secure QSDC protocol, we can of course construct a secure QKD scheme by transmitting a random key as the direct message. Then the QKD class of protocols is secure, assuming the security of the QSDC class which it is built from. We refer to this method of deduction of security for this class of QKD protocols, as \textit{key reduction}. Finally, we propose an Orthogonal-State-based deterministic key distribution (KD) protocol which is secure in some local post-quantum theories. Its security arises neither from geographic splitting of a code State nor from Heisenberg uncertainty, but from post-measurement disturbance.
R. Srikanth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Two-step Orthogonal-State-based protocol of quantum secure direct communication with the help of order-rearrangement technique
Quantum Information Processing, 2014Co-Authors: Preeti Yadav, R. Srikanth, Anirban PathakAbstract:The Goldenberg–Vaidman (GV) protocol for quantum key distribution uses Orthogonal encoding States of a particle. Its security arises because operations accessible to Eve are insufficient to distinguish the two States encoding the secret bit. We propose a two-particle cryptographic protocol for quantum secure direct communication, wherein Orthogonal States encode the secret, and security arises from restricting Eve from accessing any two-particle operations. However, there is a non-trivial difference between the two cases. While the encoding States are perfectly indistinguishable in GV, they are partially distinguishable in the bipartite case, leading to a qualitatively different kind of information-versus-disturbance trade-off and also options for Eve in the two cases.
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Orthogonal State based cryptography in quantum mechanics and local post quantum theories
arXiv: Quantum Physics, 2014Co-Authors: S. Aravinda, Anirban Pathak, Anindita Banerjee, R. SrikanthAbstract:We introduce the concept of cryptographic reduction, in analogy with a similar concept in computational complexity theory. In this framework, class $A$ of crypto-protocols reduces to protocol class $B$ in a scenario $X$, if for every instance $a$ of $A$, there is an instance $b$ of $B$ and a secure transformation $X$ that reproduces $a$ given $b$, such that the security of $b$ guarantees the security of $a$. Here we employ this reductive framework to study the relationship between security in quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum secure direct communication (QSDC). We show that replacing the streaming of independent qubits in a QKD scheme by block encoding and transmission (permuting the order of particles block by block) of qubits, we can construct a QSDC scheme. This forms the basis for the \textit{block reduction} from a QSDC class of protocols to a QKD class of protocols, whereby if the latter is secure, then so is the former. Conversely, given a secure QSDC protocol, we can of course construct a secure QKD scheme by transmitting a random key as the direct message. Then the QKD class of protocols is secure, assuming the security of the QSDC class which it is built from. We refer to this method of deduction of security for this class of QKD protocols, as \textit{key reduction}. Finally, we propose an Orthogonal-State-based deterministic key distribution (KD) protocol which is secure in some local post-quantum theories. Its security arises neither from geographic splitting of a code State nor from Heisenberg uncertainty, but from post-measurement disturbance.
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Two-step Orthogonal-State-based protocol of quantum secure direct communication with the help of order-rearrangement technique
Quantum Information Processing, 2014Co-Authors: Preeti Yadav, R. Srikanth, Anirban PathakAbstract:The Goldenberg-Vaidman (GV) protocol for quantum key distribution (QKD) uses Orthogonal encoding States of a particle. Its security arises because operations accessible to Eve are insufficient to distinguish the two States encoding the secret bit. We propose a two-particle cryptographic protocol for quantum secure direct communication, wherein Orthogonal States encode the secret, and security arises from restricting Eve from accessing any two-particle operations. However, there is a non-trivial difference between the two cases. While the encoding States are perfectly indistinguishable in GV, they are partially distinguishable in the bi-partite case, leading to a qualitatively different kind of information-vs-disturbance trade-off and also options for Eve in the two cases.
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Secure Quantum Communication with Orthogonal States
arXiv: Quantum Physics, 2014Co-Authors: Chitra Shukla, Anirban Pathak, Anindita Banerjee, R. SrikanthAbstract:In majority of protocols of secure quantum communication (such as, BB84, B92, etc.), the unconditional security of the protocols are obtained by using conjugate coding (two or more mutually unbiased bases). Initially all the conjugate-coding-based protocols of secure quantum communication were restricted to quantum key distribution (QKD), but later on they were extended to other cryptographic tasks (such as, secure direct quantum communication and quantum key agreement). In contrast to the conjugate-coding-based protocols, a few completely Orthogonal-State-based protocols of unconditionally secure QKD (such as, Goldenberg-Vaidman (GV) and N09) were also proposed. However, till the recent past Orthogonal-State-based protocols were only a theoretical concept and were limited to QKD. Only recently, Orthogonal-State-based protocols of QKD are experimentally realized and extended to cryptographic tasks beyond QKD. This paper aims to briefly review the Orthogonal-State-based protocols of secure quantum communication that are recently introduced by our group and other researchers.
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Orthogonal-State-based cryptography in quantum mechanics and local post-quantum theories
International Journal of Quantum Information, 2014Co-Authors: S. Aravinda, Anirban Pathak, Anindita Banerjee, R. SrikanthAbstract:We introduce the concept of cryptographic reduction, in analogy with a similar concept in computational complexity theory. In this framework, class A of crypto-protocols reduces to protocol class B in a scenario X, if for every instance a of A, there is an instance b of B and a secure transformation X that reproduces a given b, such that the security of b guarantees the security of a. Here we employ this reductive framework to study the relationship between security in quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum secure direct communication (QSDC). We show that replacing the streaming of independent qubits in a QKD scheme by block encoding and transmission (permuting the order of particles block by block) of qubits, we can construct a QSDC scheme. This forms the basis for the block reduction from a QSDC class of protocols to a QKD class of protocols, whereby if the latter is secure, then so is the former. Conversely, given a secure QSDC protocol, we can of course construct a secure QKD scheme by transmitting a random key as the direct message. Then the QKD class of protocols is secure, assuming the security of the QSDC class which it is built from. We refer to this method of deduction of security for this class of QKD protocols, as key reduction. Finally, we propose an Orthogonal-State-based deterministic key distribution (KD) protocol which is secure in some local post-quantum theories. Its security arises neither from geographic splitting of a code State nor from Heisenberg uncertainty, but from post-measurement disturbance.
Chitra Shukla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Protocols of quantum key agreement solely using Bell States and Bell measurement
Quantum Information Processing, 2014Co-Authors: Chitra Shukla, Nasir Alam, Anirban PathakAbstract:Two protocols of quantum key agreement (QKA) that solely use Bell State and Bell measurement are proposed. The first protocol of QKA proposed here is designed for two-party QKA, whereas the second protocol is designed for multi-party QKA. The proposed protocols are also generalized to implement QKA using a set of multi-partite entangled States (e.g., 4-qubit cluster State and $$\Omega $$ Ω State). Security of these protocols arises from the monogamy of entanglement. This is in contrast to the existing protocols of QKA where security arises from the use of non-Orthogonal State (non-commutativity principle). Further, it is shown that all the quantum systems that are useful for implementation of quantum dialogue and most of the protocols of secure direct quantum communication can be modified to implement protocols of QKA.
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Orthogonal-State-based deterministic secure quantum communication without actual transmission of the message qubits
Quantum Information Processing, 2014Co-Authors: Chitra Shukla, Anirban PathakAbstract:Recently, an Orthogonal-State-based protocol of direct quantum communication without actual transmission of particles is proposed by Salih et al. (Phys Rev Lett 110:170502, 2013 ) using chained quantum Zeno effect. The counterfactual condition (claim) of Salih et al. is weakened here to the extent that transmission of particles is allowed, but transmission of the message qubits (the qubits on which the secret information is encoded) is not allowed. Remaining within this weaker (non-counterfactual) condition, an Orthogonal-State-based protocol of deterministic secure quantum communication is proposed using entanglement swapping, where actual transmission of the message qubits is not required. Further, it is shown that there exists a large class of quantum States that can be used to implement the proposed protocol. The security of the proposed protocol originates from monogamy of entanglement. As the protocol can be implemented without using conjugate coding, its security is independent of non-commutativity.
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Secure Quantum Communication with Orthogonal States
arXiv: Quantum Physics, 2014Co-Authors: Chitra Shukla, Anirban Pathak, Anindita Banerjee, R. SrikanthAbstract:In majority of protocols of secure quantum communication (such as, BB84, B92, etc.), the unconditional security of the protocols are obtained by using conjugate coding (two or more mutually unbiased bases). Initially all the conjugate-coding-based protocols of secure quantum communication were restricted to quantum key distribution (QKD), but later on they were extended to other cryptographic tasks (such as, secure direct quantum communication and quantum key agreement). In contrast to the conjugate-coding-based protocols, a few completely Orthogonal-State-based protocols of unconditionally secure QKD (such as, Goldenberg-Vaidman (GV) and N09) were also proposed. However, till the recent past Orthogonal-State-based protocols were only a theoretical concept and were limited to QKD. Only recently, Orthogonal-State-based protocols of QKD are experimentally realized and extended to cryptographic tasks beyond QKD. This paper aims to briefly review the Orthogonal-State-based protocols of secure quantum communication that are recently introduced by our group and other researchers.
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Orthogonal-State-based protocols of quantum key agreement
Quantum Information Processing, 2014Co-Authors: Chitra Shukla, Nasir Alam, Anirban PathakAbstract:Two Orthogonal-State-based protocols of quantum key agreement (QKA) are proposed. The first protocol of QKA proposed here is designed for two-party QKA, whereas the second protocol is designed for multi-party QKA. Security of these Orthogonal-State-based protocols arise from monogamy of entanglement. This is in contrast to the existing protocols of QKA where security arises from the use of non-Orthogonal State (non-commutativity principle). Further, it is shown that all the quantum systems that are useful for implementation of quantum dialogue and most of the protocols of secure direct quantum communication can be modified to implement protocols of QKA.
Preeti Yadav - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Two-step Orthogonal-State-based protocol of quantum secure direct communication with the help of order-rearrangement technique
Quantum Information Processing, 2014Co-Authors: Preeti Yadav, R. Srikanth, Anirban PathakAbstract:The Goldenberg–Vaidman (GV) protocol for quantum key distribution uses Orthogonal encoding States of a particle. Its security arises because operations accessible to Eve are insufficient to distinguish the two States encoding the secret bit. We propose a two-particle cryptographic protocol for quantum secure direct communication, wherein Orthogonal States encode the secret, and security arises from restricting Eve from accessing any two-particle operations. However, there is a non-trivial difference between the two cases. While the encoding States are perfectly indistinguishable in GV, they are partially distinguishable in the bipartite case, leading to a qualitatively different kind of information-versus-disturbance trade-off and also options for Eve in the two cases.
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Two-step Orthogonal-State-based protocol of quantum secure direct communication with the help of order-rearrangement technique
Quantum Information Processing, 2014Co-Authors: Preeti Yadav, R. Srikanth, Anirban PathakAbstract:The Goldenberg-Vaidman (GV) protocol for quantum key distribution (QKD) uses Orthogonal encoding States of a particle. Its security arises because operations accessible to Eve are insufficient to distinguish the two States encoding the secret bit. We propose a two-particle cryptographic protocol for quantum secure direct communication, wherein Orthogonal States encode the secret, and security arises from restricting Eve from accessing any two-particle operations. However, there is a non-trivial difference between the two cases. While the encoding States are perfectly indistinguishable in GV, they are partially distinguishable in the bi-partite case, leading to a qualitatively different kind of information-vs-disturbance trade-off and also options for Eve in the two cases.
Pathakanirban - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Teleportation of a qubit using entangled non-Orthogonal States
Quantum Information Processing, 2017Co-Authors: Sisodiamitali, Vermavikram, Thapliyalkishore, PathakanirbanAbstract:The effect of non-Orthogonality of an entangled non-Orthogonal State-based quantum channel is investigated in detail in the context of the teleportation of a qubit. Specifically, average fidelity, ...
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Orthogonal-State-based deterministic secure quantum communication without actual transmission of the message qubits
Quantum Information Processing, 2014Co-Authors: Shuklachitra, PathakanirbanAbstract:Recently, an Orthogonal-State-based protocol of direct quantum communication without actual transmission of particles is proposed by Salih et al. (Phys Rev Lett 110:170502, 2013) using chained quan...
