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Ana Lemos De Matos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pseudogenization of the MCP-2/CCL8 chemokine gene in European rabbit (genus Oryctolagus), but not in species of Cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus) and Hare (Lepus)
BMC Genetics, 2012Co-Authors: Sandra Afonso, Ana Lemos De MatosAbstract:Background Recent studies in human have highlighted the importance of the monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCP) in leukocyte trafficking and their effects in inflammatory processes, tumor progression, and HIV-1 infection. In European rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) one of the prime MCP targets, the chemokine receptor CCR5 underwent a unique structural alteration. Until now, no homologue of MCP-2/ CCL8 ^a, MCP-3/ CCL7 or MCP-4/ CCL13 genes have been reported for this species. This is interesting, because at least the first two genes are expressed in most, if not all, mammals studied, and appear to be implicated in a variety of important chemokine ligand-receptor interactions. By assessing the Rabbit Whole Genome Sequence (WGS) data we have searched for orthologs of the mammalian genes of the MCP-Eotaxin cluster. Results We have localized the orthologs of these chemokine genes in the genome of European rabbit and compared them to those of leporid genera which do ( i.e . Oryctolagus and Bunolagus ) or do not share the CCR5 alteration with European rabbit ( i.e. Lepus and Sylvilagus ). Of the Rabbit orthologs of the CCL8 , CCL7 , and CCL13 genes only the last two were potentially functional, although showing some structural anomalies at the protein level. The ortholog of MCP-2/ CCL8 appeared to be pseudogenized by deleterious nucleotide substitutions affecting exon1 and exon2. By analyzing both genomic and cDNA products, these studies were extended to wild specimens of four genera of the Leporidae family: Oryctolagus , Bunolagus, Lepus, and Sylvilagus . It appeared that the anomalies of the MCP-3/ CCL7 and MCP-4/ CCL13 proteins are shared among the different species of leporids. In contrast, whereas MCP-2/ CCL8 was pseudogenized in every studied specimen of the Oryctolagus - Bunolagus lineage, this gene was intact in species of the Lepus - Sylvilagus lineage, and was, at least in Lepus , correctly transcribed. Conclusion The biological function of a gene was often revealed in situations of dysfunction or gene loss. Infections with Myxoma virus (MYXV) tend to be fatal in European rabbit (genus Oryctolagus ), while being harmless in Hares (genus Lepus ) and benign in Cottontail rabbit (genus Sylvilagus ), the natural hosts of the virus. This communication should stimulate research on a possible role of MCP-2/ CCL8 in poxvirus related pathogenicity.
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pseudogenization of the mcp 2 ccl8 chemokine gene in european rabbit genus Oryctolagus but not in species of cottontail rabbit sylvilagus and hare lepus
BMC Genetics, 2012Co-Authors: W Van Der Loo, Ana Lemos De Matos, Sandra Afonso, Joana Abrantes, Pedro J EstevesAbstract:Recent studies in human have highlighted the importance of the monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCP) in leukocyte trafficking and their effects in inflammatory processes, tumor progression, and HIV-1 infection. In European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) one of the prime MCP targets, the chemokine receptor CCR5 underwent a unique structural alteration. Until now, no homologue of MCP-2/CCL8a, MCP-3/CCL7 or MCP-4/CCL13 genes have been reported for this species. This is interesting, because at least the first two genes are expressed in most, if not all, mammals studied, and appear to be implicated in a variety of important chemokine ligand-receptor interactions. By assessing the Rabbit Whole Genome Sequence (WGS) data we have searched for orthologs of the mammalian genes of the MCP-Eotaxin cluster. We have localized the orthologs of these chemokine genes in the genome of European rabbit and compared them to those of leporid genera which do (i.e. Oryctolagus and Bunolagus) or do not share the CCR5 alteration with European rabbit (i.e. Lepus and Sylvilagus). Of the Rabbit orthologs of the CCL8, CCL7, and CCL13 genes only the last two were potentially functional, although showing some structural anomalies at the protein level. The ortholog of MCP-2/CCL8 appeared to be pseudogenized by deleterious nucleotide substitutions affecting exon1 and exon2. By analyzing both genomic and cDNA products, these studies were extended to wild specimens of four genera of the Leporidae family: Oryctolagus, Bunolagus, Lepus, and Sylvilagus. It appeared that the anomalies of the MCP-3/CCL7 and MCP-4/CCL13 proteins are shared among the different species of leporids. In contrast, whereas MCP-2/CCL8 was pseudogenized in every studied specimen of the Oryctolagus - Bunolagus lineage, this gene was intact in species of the Lepus - Sylvilagus lineage, and was, at least in Lepus, correctly transcribed. The biological function of a gene was often revealed in situations of dysfunction or gene loss. Infections with Myxoma virus (MYXV) tend to be fatal in European rabbit (genus Oryctolagus), while being harmless in Hares (genus Lepus) and benign in Cottontail rabbit (genus Sylvilagus), the natural hosts of the virus. This communication should stimulate research on a possible role of MCP-2/CCL8 in poxvirus related pathogenicity.
Pedro J Esteves - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evolutionary studies on the betaretrovirus RERV-H in the Leporidae family reveal an endogenization in the ancestor of Oryctolagus, Bunolagus and Pentalagus at 9 million years ago
Virus research, 2017Co-Authors: Patricia De Sousa-pereira, Joana Abrantes, Hanna-mari Baldauf, Pedro J EstevesAbstract:RERV-H was first identified in human tissues and mistaken for a human exogenous retrovirus. However, the integration sites carried by this virus showed that it was instead a European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) endogenous retrovirus. The first clones retrieved from European rabbit samples represented defective proviruses, although estimation of proviral copy numbers found in the European rabbit genome ranged from hundreds to thousands. Screening for the presence of RERV-H showed the absence of the virus in two other lagomorphs, pika (Ochotona) and hares (Lepus), which diverged from rabbits about 35 and 12 million years ago, respectively. Using a PCR-based approach, samples of seven different Lagomorph genera were tested for the presence of RERV-H. It was possible to amplify a proviral fragment corresponding to RNaseH from Oryctolagus, Bunolagus and Pentalagus genomic samples. The amplification of proviral DNA in species other than Oryctolagus revealed that this virus was endogenized in their common ancestor, roughly 9 million years ago. Using the European rabbit genome sequence OryCun2.0, it was possible to find multiple copies spread throughout the genome and several complete proviral genomes were retrieved. Some copies contained full open reading frames for all viral components. The lack of a complete genome in the other Lagomorph species did not allow further analyses of the provirus, although more deleterious mutations were found in Bunolagus and Pentalagus than in Oryctolagus RNaseH-amplified sequences. To what extent RERV-H and other endogenous viruses might have had an impact on the rabbit genome and its immune system remains elusive.
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Sequencing of modern Lepus VDJ genes shows that the usage of VHn genes has been retained in both Oryctolagus and Lepus that diverged 12 million years ago
Immunogenetics, 2013Co-Authors: Ana Pinheiro, Paulo C. Alves, Christian Gortázar, Isabel G. Fernández Mera, José Fuente, Pedro J EstevesAbstract:Among mammals, the European rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) has a unique mechanism of generating the primary antibody repertoire. Despite having over 200 VH genes, the VH1 gene, the most d -proximal VH gene, is used in 80–90 % of VDJ rearrangements, while the remaining 10–20 % is encoded by the VHn genes that map at least 100 Kb upstream of VH1 . The maintenance of the VHn genes usage in low frequency in VDJ rearrangements has been suggested to represent a relic of an ancestral immunologic response to pathogens. To address this question, we sequenced VDJ genes for another leporid, genus Lepus , which separated from European rabbit 12 million years ago. Approximately 25 VDJ gene sequences were obtained for each one of three Lepus europaeus individuals. We found that Lepus also uses the VHn genes in 5–10 % of its VDJ rearrangements. Our results show that the VHn genes are a conserved ancestral polymorphism that has been maintained in the leporids genome and is being used for the generation of VDJ rearrangements by both modern Lepus and Oryctolagus .
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pseudogenization of the mcp 2 ccl8 chemokine gene in european rabbit genus Oryctolagus but not in species of cottontail rabbit sylvilagus and hare lepus
BMC Genetics, 2012Co-Authors: W Van Der Loo, Ana Lemos De Matos, Sandra Afonso, Joana Abrantes, Pedro J EstevesAbstract:Recent studies in human have highlighted the importance of the monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCP) in leukocyte trafficking and their effects in inflammatory processes, tumor progression, and HIV-1 infection. In European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) one of the prime MCP targets, the chemokine receptor CCR5 underwent a unique structural alteration. Until now, no homologue of MCP-2/CCL8a, MCP-3/CCL7 or MCP-4/CCL13 genes have been reported for this species. This is interesting, because at least the first two genes are expressed in most, if not all, mammals studied, and appear to be implicated in a variety of important chemokine ligand-receptor interactions. By assessing the Rabbit Whole Genome Sequence (WGS) data we have searched for orthologs of the mammalian genes of the MCP-Eotaxin cluster. We have localized the orthologs of these chemokine genes in the genome of European rabbit and compared them to those of leporid genera which do (i.e. Oryctolagus and Bunolagus) or do not share the CCR5 alteration with European rabbit (i.e. Lepus and Sylvilagus). Of the Rabbit orthologs of the CCL8, CCL7, and CCL13 genes only the last two were potentially functional, although showing some structural anomalies at the protein level. The ortholog of MCP-2/CCL8 appeared to be pseudogenized by deleterious nucleotide substitutions affecting exon1 and exon2. By analyzing both genomic and cDNA products, these studies were extended to wild specimens of four genera of the Leporidae family: Oryctolagus, Bunolagus, Lepus, and Sylvilagus. It appeared that the anomalies of the MCP-3/CCL7 and MCP-4/CCL13 proteins are shared among the different species of leporids. In contrast, whereas MCP-2/CCL8 was pseudogenized in every studied specimen of the Oryctolagus - Bunolagus lineage, this gene was intact in species of the Lepus - Sylvilagus lineage, and was, at least in Lepus, correctly transcribed. The biological function of a gene was often revealed in situations of dysfunction or gene loss. Infections with Myxoma virus (MYXV) tend to be fatal in European rabbit (genus Oryctolagus), while being harmless in Hares (genus Lepus) and benign in Cottontail rabbit (genus Sylvilagus), the natural hosts of the virus. This communication should stimulate research on a possible role of MCP-2/CCL8 in poxvirus related pathogenicity.
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Genetic diversity at the hinge region of the unique immunoglobulin heavy gamma (IGHG) gene in leporids (Oryctolagus, Sylvilagus and Lepus)
International journal of immunogenetics, 2006Co-Authors: Pedro J Esteves, C R Carmo, Raquel Godinho, W Van Der LooAbstract:Summary Unlike other species, European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) possesses only one immunoglobulin gamma class. Allelic diversity at the Ig (immunoglobulin) gamma constant region encoded by the unique IGHG (immunoglobulin heavy gamma) gene is moreover much reduced. In the European rabbit, the genetic variation at IGGH hinge region is limited to a single nucleotide substitution, which causes a Met–Thr interchange at amino acid position 9 (IMGT hinge numbering). We have analysed the diversity at this region more in-depth by, (1) analysing the allelic variation in 11 breeds of domestic European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus cuniculus), and (2) sequencing the gamma hinge exon in wild specimens of six species of rabbit (Oryctolagus and Sylvilagus) and hares (Lepus), including the two Oryctolagus subspecies (O. cuniculus cuniculus and O. cuniculus algirus). It appeared that among leporid species, amino acid changes occur exclusively at positions 8 and 9. However, while position 8 is occupied by either Pro or Ser residues, four different residues can occur at position 9 (Met, Thr, Pro and Leu). This variation concerns sites of potential O-glycosylation and/or proteolytic cleavage, suggesting that the underlying genetic diversity could be the outcome of selection. Preservation of the gamma hinge polymorphism in domestic stocks could therefore be important. We report here a polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism protocol that has allowed the monitoring of the heterozygosity levels at the gamma hinge in 11 breeds of domestic European rabbit.
Sandra Afonso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pseudogenization of the MCP-2/CCL8 chemokine gene in European rabbit (genus Oryctolagus), but not in species of Cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus) and Hare (Lepus)
BMC Genetics, 2012Co-Authors: Sandra Afonso, Ana Lemos De MatosAbstract:Background Recent studies in human have highlighted the importance of the monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCP) in leukocyte trafficking and their effects in inflammatory processes, tumor progression, and HIV-1 infection. In European rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) one of the prime MCP targets, the chemokine receptor CCR5 underwent a unique structural alteration. Until now, no homologue of MCP-2/ CCL8 ^a, MCP-3/ CCL7 or MCP-4/ CCL13 genes have been reported for this species. This is interesting, because at least the first two genes are expressed in most, if not all, mammals studied, and appear to be implicated in a variety of important chemokine ligand-receptor interactions. By assessing the Rabbit Whole Genome Sequence (WGS) data we have searched for orthologs of the mammalian genes of the MCP-Eotaxin cluster. Results We have localized the orthologs of these chemokine genes in the genome of European rabbit and compared them to those of leporid genera which do ( i.e . Oryctolagus and Bunolagus ) or do not share the CCR5 alteration with European rabbit ( i.e. Lepus and Sylvilagus ). Of the Rabbit orthologs of the CCL8 , CCL7 , and CCL13 genes only the last two were potentially functional, although showing some structural anomalies at the protein level. The ortholog of MCP-2/ CCL8 appeared to be pseudogenized by deleterious nucleotide substitutions affecting exon1 and exon2. By analyzing both genomic and cDNA products, these studies were extended to wild specimens of four genera of the Leporidae family: Oryctolagus , Bunolagus, Lepus, and Sylvilagus . It appeared that the anomalies of the MCP-3/ CCL7 and MCP-4/ CCL13 proteins are shared among the different species of leporids. In contrast, whereas MCP-2/ CCL8 was pseudogenized in every studied specimen of the Oryctolagus - Bunolagus lineage, this gene was intact in species of the Lepus - Sylvilagus lineage, and was, at least in Lepus , correctly transcribed. Conclusion The biological function of a gene was often revealed in situations of dysfunction or gene loss. Infections with Myxoma virus (MYXV) tend to be fatal in European rabbit (genus Oryctolagus ), while being harmless in Hares (genus Lepus ) and benign in Cottontail rabbit (genus Sylvilagus ), the natural hosts of the virus. This communication should stimulate research on a possible role of MCP-2/ CCL8 in poxvirus related pathogenicity.
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pseudogenization of the mcp 2 ccl8 chemokine gene in european rabbit genus Oryctolagus but not in species of cottontail rabbit sylvilagus and hare lepus
BMC Genetics, 2012Co-Authors: W Van Der Loo, Ana Lemos De Matos, Sandra Afonso, Joana Abrantes, Pedro J EstevesAbstract:Recent studies in human have highlighted the importance of the monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCP) in leukocyte trafficking and their effects in inflammatory processes, tumor progression, and HIV-1 infection. In European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) one of the prime MCP targets, the chemokine receptor CCR5 underwent a unique structural alteration. Until now, no homologue of MCP-2/CCL8a, MCP-3/CCL7 or MCP-4/CCL13 genes have been reported for this species. This is interesting, because at least the first two genes are expressed in most, if not all, mammals studied, and appear to be implicated in a variety of important chemokine ligand-receptor interactions. By assessing the Rabbit Whole Genome Sequence (WGS) data we have searched for orthologs of the mammalian genes of the MCP-Eotaxin cluster. We have localized the orthologs of these chemokine genes in the genome of European rabbit and compared them to those of leporid genera which do (i.e. Oryctolagus and Bunolagus) or do not share the CCR5 alteration with European rabbit (i.e. Lepus and Sylvilagus). Of the Rabbit orthologs of the CCL8, CCL7, and CCL13 genes only the last two were potentially functional, although showing some structural anomalies at the protein level. The ortholog of MCP-2/CCL8 appeared to be pseudogenized by deleterious nucleotide substitutions affecting exon1 and exon2. By analyzing both genomic and cDNA products, these studies were extended to wild specimens of four genera of the Leporidae family: Oryctolagus, Bunolagus, Lepus, and Sylvilagus. It appeared that the anomalies of the MCP-3/CCL7 and MCP-4/CCL13 proteins are shared among the different species of leporids. In contrast, whereas MCP-2/CCL8 was pseudogenized in every studied specimen of the Oryctolagus - Bunolagus lineage, this gene was intact in species of the Lepus - Sylvilagus lineage, and was, at least in Lepus, correctly transcribed. The biological function of a gene was often revealed in situations of dysfunction or gene loss. Infections with Myxoma virus (MYXV) tend to be fatal in European rabbit (genus Oryctolagus), while being harmless in Hares (genus Lepus) and benign in Cottontail rabbit (genus Sylvilagus), the natural hosts of the virus. This communication should stimulate research on a possible role of MCP-2/CCL8 in poxvirus related pathogenicity.
Joana Abrantes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evolutionary studies on the betaretrovirus RERV-H in the Leporidae family reveal an endogenization in the ancestor of Oryctolagus, Bunolagus and Pentalagus at 9 million years ago
Virus research, 2017Co-Authors: Patricia De Sousa-pereira, Joana Abrantes, Hanna-mari Baldauf, Pedro J EstevesAbstract:RERV-H was first identified in human tissues and mistaken for a human exogenous retrovirus. However, the integration sites carried by this virus showed that it was instead a European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) endogenous retrovirus. The first clones retrieved from European rabbit samples represented defective proviruses, although estimation of proviral copy numbers found in the European rabbit genome ranged from hundreds to thousands. Screening for the presence of RERV-H showed the absence of the virus in two other lagomorphs, pika (Ochotona) and hares (Lepus), which diverged from rabbits about 35 and 12 million years ago, respectively. Using a PCR-based approach, samples of seven different Lagomorph genera were tested for the presence of RERV-H. It was possible to amplify a proviral fragment corresponding to RNaseH from Oryctolagus, Bunolagus and Pentalagus genomic samples. The amplification of proviral DNA in species other than Oryctolagus revealed that this virus was endogenized in their common ancestor, roughly 9 million years ago. Using the European rabbit genome sequence OryCun2.0, it was possible to find multiple copies spread throughout the genome and several complete proviral genomes were retrieved. Some copies contained full open reading frames for all viral components. The lack of a complete genome in the other Lagomorph species did not allow further analyses of the provirus, although more deleterious mutations were found in Bunolagus and Pentalagus than in Oryctolagus RNaseH-amplified sequences. To what extent RERV-H and other endogenous viruses might have had an impact on the rabbit genome and its immune system remains elusive.
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pseudogenization of the mcp 2 ccl8 chemokine gene in european rabbit genus Oryctolagus but not in species of cottontail rabbit sylvilagus and hare lepus
BMC Genetics, 2012Co-Authors: W Van Der Loo, Ana Lemos De Matos, Sandra Afonso, Joana Abrantes, Pedro J EstevesAbstract:Recent studies in human have highlighted the importance of the monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCP) in leukocyte trafficking and their effects in inflammatory processes, tumor progression, and HIV-1 infection. In European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) one of the prime MCP targets, the chemokine receptor CCR5 underwent a unique structural alteration. Until now, no homologue of MCP-2/CCL8a, MCP-3/CCL7 or MCP-4/CCL13 genes have been reported for this species. This is interesting, because at least the first two genes are expressed in most, if not all, mammals studied, and appear to be implicated in a variety of important chemokine ligand-receptor interactions. By assessing the Rabbit Whole Genome Sequence (WGS) data we have searched for orthologs of the mammalian genes of the MCP-Eotaxin cluster. We have localized the orthologs of these chemokine genes in the genome of European rabbit and compared them to those of leporid genera which do (i.e. Oryctolagus and Bunolagus) or do not share the CCR5 alteration with European rabbit (i.e. Lepus and Sylvilagus). Of the Rabbit orthologs of the CCL8, CCL7, and CCL13 genes only the last two were potentially functional, although showing some structural anomalies at the protein level. The ortholog of MCP-2/CCL8 appeared to be pseudogenized by deleterious nucleotide substitutions affecting exon1 and exon2. By analyzing both genomic and cDNA products, these studies were extended to wild specimens of four genera of the Leporidae family: Oryctolagus, Bunolagus, Lepus, and Sylvilagus. It appeared that the anomalies of the MCP-3/CCL7 and MCP-4/CCL13 proteins are shared among the different species of leporids. In contrast, whereas MCP-2/CCL8 was pseudogenized in every studied specimen of the Oryctolagus - Bunolagus lineage, this gene was intact in species of the Lepus - Sylvilagus lineage, and was, at least in Lepus, correctly transcribed. The biological function of a gene was often revealed in situations of dysfunction or gene loss. Infections with Myxoma virus (MYXV) tend to be fatal in European rabbit (genus Oryctolagus), while being harmless in Hares (genus Lepus) and benign in Cottontail rabbit (genus Sylvilagus), the natural hosts of the virus. This communication should stimulate research on a possible role of MCP-2/CCL8 in poxvirus related pathogenicity.
Aprillyanti, Alfinda Dwi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Andong Merah (Cordyline fruticosa (L) A. Cheval) Secara Topikal Terhadap Penyambuhan Luka Pada Kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
'Universitas PGRI Madiun', 2021Co-Authors: Aprillyanti, Alfinda Dwi, Budiawan Antonius, Nugroho, Christianto AdhyAbstract:Daun andong merah (Cordyline fruticosa (L) A. Cheval) memilik khasiat sebagai obat yang bekerja dalam proses penyembuhan luka. Flavonoid yang terkandung dalam tanaman andong merah bersifat antiinflamasi dan antioksidan. Tannin bersifat adstringen yang dapat menciutkan pori-pori kulit, memperkeras kulit, dan menghentikan perdarahan ringan. Saponin berkhasiat sebagai pembersih dan antiseptik yang dapat membantu dalam mempercepat penyembuhan luka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan efektivitas dan konsentrasi ekstrak daun andong merah (Cordyline fruticosa (L) A. Cheval) yang paling efektif secara topikal terhadap penyembuhan luka pada kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Hewan uji pada penelitian ini diinduksi menggunakan biopsy punch dengan diameter 8 mm. Adapun kelompok penelitian ini kelompok kontrol negatif (aquades), kelompok kontrol positif (povidone iodine solution), kelompok perlakuan ekstrak konsentrasi 15%, dan kelompok perlakuan ekstrak konsentrasi 30%. Parameter dalam penelitian ini yaitu diameter penyembuhan luka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun andong merah (Cordyline fruticosa (L) A. Cheval) efektif dalam penyembuhan luka dan konsentrasi ekstrak daun andong merah (Cordyline fruticosa (L) A. Cheval) yang paling efektif secara topikal terhadap penyembuhan luka pada kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus) yaitu konsentrasi 30%
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Efektivitas ekstrak daun andong merah (Cordyline fruticosa (L) A. Cheval) secara topikal terhadap penyembuhan luka pada kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
2021Co-Authors: Aprillyanti, Alfinda DwiAbstract:Daun andong merah (Cordyline fruticosa (L) A. Cheval) memilik khasiat sebagai obat yang bekerja dalam proses penyembuhan luka. Flavonoid yang terkandung dalam tanaman andong merah bersifat antiinflamasi dan antioksidan. Tannin bersifat adstringen yang dapat menciutkan pori-pori kulit, memperkeras kulit, dan menghentikan perdarahan ringan. Saponin berkhasiat sebagai pembersih dan antiseptik yang dapat membantu dalam mempercepat penyembuhan luka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan efektivitas ekstrak daun andong merah (Cordyline fruticosa (L) A. Cheval) dan konsentrasi ekstrak daun andong merah (Cordyline fruticosa (L) A. Cheval) yang paling efektif secara topikal terhadap penyembuhan luka pada kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Hewan uji pada penelitian ini diinduksi menggunakan biopsy punch dengan diameter 8 mm. Adapun kelompok penelitian ini kelompok kontrol negatif (aquades), kelompok kontrol positif (povidone iodine solution), kelompok perlakuan ekstrak konsentrasi 15%, dan kelompok perlakuan ekstrak konsentrasi 30%. Parameter dalam penelitian ini yaitu diameter penyembuhan luka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun andong merah (Cordyline fruticosa (L) A. Cheval) efektif dalam penyembuhan luka dan konsentrasi ekstrak daun andong merah (Cordyline fruticosa (L) A. Cheval) yang paling efektif secara topikal terhadap penyembuhan luka pada kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus) yaitu konsentrasi 30%
