The Experts below are selected from a list of 255 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jacobo Weinstock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Osteometry as a Source of Refined Demographic Information: Sex-Ratios of Reindeer, Hunting Strategies, and Herd Control in the Late Glacial site of Stellmoor, Northern Germany
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2000Co-Authors: Jacobo WeinstockAbstract:Abstract In archaeozoological investigations of sexually-dimorphic species such as Rangifer, Cervus, andBison , Osteometry has a great—but as yet unexploited—potential as a source of refined demographic information. For this purpose, however, two important points must be taken into account. Firstly, the age-classes represented by different skeletal elements differ and thus sex-ratios may vary according to the anatomical element studied. Secondly, the fragments to be analysed should be chosen carefully in order to ensure that he age-class which they represent is known. A failure to do so may hinder the correct determination of sex ratios. This paper attempts to show, by means of an example, that, when these factors are considered, important demographic information and interesting insights about topics such as hunting strategies can be gained. The analysis of the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) assemblage from Stellmoor, an open-air Late Glacial site in northern Germany, revealed that male and female individuals in the different cohorts were killed in the same proportions as they occur in a typical herd, thus pointing to a non-selective hunting strategy. The results also argue against the assertion that reindeer herds were controlled by people during this period.
-
demography through Osteometry sex ratios of reindeer and hunting strategies in the late glacial site of stellmoor northern germany
Archaeozoologia, 2000Co-Authors: Jacobo WeinstockAbstract:Cette etude porte sur la determination du sexe des rennes (Rangifer tarandus) du site Tardiglaciaire de Stellmoor. La prise en compte de differentes classes d'âge a partir de differentes pieces du squelette permet de renforcer significativement cette determination. Dans le cas present, le rapport mâles/femelles diminue avec l'âge des animaux consideres. Les adultes mâles et femelles sont en fait representes selon leur taux naturel, ce qui va bien dans le sens d'une chasse non selective a proximite du site.
Viviane R Despres - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
fossil dogs and wolves from palaeolithic sites in belgium the ukraine and russia Osteometry ancient dna and stable isotopes
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2009Co-Authors: Mietje Germonpré, Mikhail V. Sablin, Rhiannon E Stevens, R E M Hedges, Michael Hofreiter, Mathias Stiller, Viviane R DespresAbstract:Using multivariate techniques, several skulls of fossil large canids from sites in Belgium, Ukraine and Russia were examined to look for possible evidence of the presence of Palaeolithic dogs. Reference groups constituted of prehistoric dogs, and recent wolves and dogs. The fossil large canid from Goyet (Belgium), dated at c. 31,700 BP is clearly different from the recent wolves, resembling most closely the prehistoric dogs. Thus it is identified as a Palaeolithic dog, suggesting that dog domestication had already started during the Aurignacian. The Epigravettian Mezin 5490 (Ukraine) and Mezhirich (Ukraine) skulls are also identified as being Palaeolithic dogs. Selected Belgian specimens were analyzed for mtDNA and stable isotopes. All fossil samples yielded unique DNA sequences, indicating that the ancient Belgian large canids carried a substantial amount of genetic diversity. Furthermore, there is little evidence for phylogeographic structure in the Pleistocene large canids, as they do not form a homogenous genetic group. Although considerable variation occurs in the fossil canid isotope signatures between sites, the Belgian fossil large canids preyed in general on horse and large bovids.
Castañeda Camargo, Henry Martín - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Osteometría del cráneo de la alpaca adulta (Vicugna pacos)
'Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Vicerectorado de Investigacion', 2016Co-Authors: Castañeda Camargo, Henry MartínAbstract:--- South American Camelids represent the source of living for many low resource farmers in the highlands, and considering that currently Peru represents 85% of the population of alpacas in the world; it lacks of comprehensive study of its gross anatomy, including skull Osteometry and the calculating of craniometric indexes. This study was carried out using 30 heads of adult Huacaya alpacas (15 males and 15 females), from the district of Sicuani, province of Canchis, department of Cusco; once prepared the material with the maceration technique, the anatomical description was achieved, using the recommended terminology for the Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature 2012; subsequently, the measurement and calculation of craniometric indexes was performed, using the Vernier as a measuring tool. The values obtained were evaluated with the "t-test" using the statistical program Minitab, the significance level used for the analysis of the results was 5%, in all osteometric measures no statistical difference related to sex was observed (p
-
Osteometría del cráneo de la alpaca adulta (Vicugna pacos)
'Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos Vicerectorado de Investigacion', 2015Co-Authors: Castañeda Camargo, Henry MartínAbstract:Los camélidos sudamericanos constituyen el medio de sustento para muchos productores de escasos recursos en las zonas altoandinas, y teniendo presente que en la actualidad el Perú representa el 85 % de la población de alpacas en el mundo; no cuenta con un estudio completo de su anatomía macroscópica, incluyendo la osteometría del cráneo y el cálculo de los índices craneométricos. El presente estudio se realizó utilizando 30 cabezas de alpacas adultas (15 machos y 15 hembras) de raza huacaya, provenientes del distrito de Sicuani, provincia de Canchis, departamento de Cusco; una vez preparado el material con la técnica de maceración se procedió a la descripción anatómica para lo cual se empleó la terminología recomendada por la Nómina Anatómica Veterinaria 2012; posteriormente se realizó la medición osteométrica y el cálculo de los índices craneométricos, empleándose como instrumento de medición el vernier. Los valores obtenidos fueron evaluados con el "t-test" mediante el programa estadístico MINITAB, el nivel de significancia empleado para el análisis de los resultados fue del 5 %, en todas las medidas osteométricas no se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa relacionada al sexo (p < 0.05); por ende las alpacas adultas no presentan dimorfismo sexual en el aspecto relacionado a la craneometría. Con respecto a los índices craneométricos, los cráneos de las alpacas son del tipo: dolicocéfalo con un Índice Cefálico Total igual a 46.43%, ultradolicocráneo con un Índice Craneal igual a 55.42%; la cara de la alpaca es del tipo hiperlepteno con un Índice Facial igual a 103.17%; presenta un Índice Mandibular igual a 62.33% y el triángulo facial es del tipo escaleno. Palabras clave: Alpaca, cráneo, osteometría, índice craneométrico.--- South American Camelids represent the source of living for many low resource farmers in the highlands, and considering that currently Peru represents 85% of the population of alpacas in the world; it lacks of comprehensive study of its gross anatomy, including skull Osteometry and the calculating of craniometric indexes. This study was carried out using 30 heads of adult Huacaya alpacas (15 males and 15 females), from the district of Sicuani, province of Canchis, department of Cusco; once prepared the material with the maceration technique, the anatomical description was achieved, using the recommended terminology for the Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature 2012; subsequently, the measurement and calculation of craniometric indexes was performed, using the Vernier as a measuring tool. The values obtained were evaluated with the "t-test" using the statistical program Minitab, the significance level used for the analysis of the results was 5%, in all osteometric measures no statistical difference related to sex was observed (p
Mietje Germonpré - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
fossil dogs and wolves from palaeolithic sites in belgium the ukraine and russia Osteometry ancient dna and stable isotopes
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2009Co-Authors: Mietje Germonpré, Mikhail V. Sablin, Rhiannon E Stevens, R E M Hedges, Michael Hofreiter, Mathias Stiller, Viviane R DespresAbstract:Using multivariate techniques, several skulls of fossil large canids from sites in Belgium, Ukraine and Russia were examined to look for possible evidence of the presence of Palaeolithic dogs. Reference groups constituted of prehistoric dogs, and recent wolves and dogs. The fossil large canid from Goyet (Belgium), dated at c. 31,700 BP is clearly different from the recent wolves, resembling most closely the prehistoric dogs. Thus it is identified as a Palaeolithic dog, suggesting that dog domestication had already started during the Aurignacian. The Epigravettian Mezin 5490 (Ukraine) and Mezhirich (Ukraine) skulls are also identified as being Palaeolithic dogs. Selected Belgian specimens were analyzed for mtDNA and stable isotopes. All fossil samples yielded unique DNA sequences, indicating that the ancient Belgian large canids carried a substantial amount of genetic diversity. Furthermore, there is little evidence for phylogeographic structure in the Pleistocene large canids, as they do not form a homogenous genetic group. Although considerable variation occurs in the fossil canid isotope signatures between sites, the Belgian fossil large canids preyed in general on horse and large bovids.
-
systematics and Osteometry of late glacial foxes from belgium
Bulletin - Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique. Sciences de la terre, 2004Co-Authors: Mietje Germonpré, Mikhail V. SablinAbstract:Collections of Late Glacial fox remains from the sites of Chaleux, Furfooz and Goyet (Belgium) were studied. The bones were examined, measured and compared with samples of extant and fossil arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes). The Late Glacial red foxes from Belgium are in general larger than recent Belgian red foxes and compare more in size to those of present-day Nordic populations. The change in size in the red fox follows Bergmann's rule and can be correlated with climatic changes during the time period studied. The size of the lower carnassial of arctic fox does not differ significantly among the Late Pleniglacial, Late Glacial and Holocene samples studied. A well-defined progressive trend can, however, be traced in the postcranial size of the arctic foxes. The Pleniglacial foxes are the smallest, ranging well below recent continental foxes in size, whereas Late Glacial arctic foxes are almost comparable in body size with those of recent Siberian populations. The arctic fox appears to be adapting to a very cold climate throughout the Weichselian.
Andres D Izeta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
new data on south american camelid bone size changes during middle late holocene transition Osteometry at penas chicas 1 5 antofagasta de la sierra argentinian puna
International Journal of Osteoarchaeology, 2014Co-Authors: Andres D Izeta, Carlos Aschero, Salomon HocsmanAbstract:Approaching the study of camelid bone size change in the meridional portion of the South Central Andes is a significant subject especially when the assemblages are associated to radiocarbon dates placed at a time of social transition from an extractive to a producer economy. In this sense, this paper presents the results of applying osteometric techniques on a set of 10 elements from the Penas Chicas 1.5 site dated around 3800 BP. The analysis shows the presence of at least three individuals, one of which corresponds to an Andean guanaco (Lama guanicoe) morphotype. The second and the third are similar in size to a modern llama (Lama glama) in their ‘intermediate’ and ‘cargo’ morphotypes. This is consistent with patterns already seen for sites from the Argentinian and Chilean Puna where the identification of larger individuals than the Andean guanaco modern standard shows the early stages of an increasingly bone size variability of South American camelids. This paper contributes with new data to understand the complex processes that occurred in the South Central Andes that led to the domestication of one of the most conspicuous animals in the archaeological record of the Argentinian Northwest. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
-
dossier osteometria de camelidos sudamericanos south american camelid Osteometry
Revista del Museo de Antropología, 2009Co-Authors: Andres D IzetaAbstract:La identificacion de elementos oseos y su asignacion a una especie animal concreta es un tema central para la zooarqueologia. Por ello desde la decada de 1970 se han estudiado las diferencias morfometricas que permiten la diferenciacion de especies que comparten una morfologia osea similar, especialmente cuando esta es el resultado de un proceso de domesticacion o de mejora de alguno de los caracteres de la poblacion (e.g. Albarella y Payne 2005, von den Driesch 1976, Davis 1996, Payne y Bull 1988, Reitz 1994, Uerpmann 1979, Weinstock 2003 y bibliografia alli citada). Esta similitud morfologica puede tener sus dificultades en casos particulares como el de los camelidos sudamericanos. Esta familia (Camelidae) esta compuesta actualmente por cuatro especies: Lama guanicoe Muller 1776 (guanaco), Lama glama Linnaeus 1758 (llama), Lama pacos o Vicugna pacos Linnaeus 1758 (alpaca) y Vicugna vicugna o Lama (Vicugna) vicugna Molina 1782 (vicuna). Ante la presencia de tantas variedades diferentes de camelidos es sumamente importante el estudio de las variaciones morfologicas, que permitan diferenciar las distintas especies, tema al que la osteometria pretende aportar nuevos datos para esta familia tan conspicua en el registro arqueologico y paleontologico sudamericano. Esto es una cuestion clave si lo que se intenta es realizar una reconstruccion paleoeconomica de las poblaciones humanas del pasado o de la paleoecologia del ambiente en donde desarrollaron sus actividades. En los ultimos anos se ha implementado la aplicacion de distintas tecnicas sobre los restos de camelidos con el fin de avanzar en el analisis de la composicion de los conjuntos recuperados de sitios arqueologicos de varias regiones del pais y de paises limitrofes (Noroeste argentino, Patagonia argentina y norte de Chile). Estas variaciones han sido estudiadas a traves de dos vias de analisis: uno de tipo cualitativo y otro cuantitativo. Las formas de diferenciacion entre especies basadas en analisis de tipo cualitativo corresponden al estudio de la morfologia dental de los incisivos (Wheeler 1982, Lavallee et al. 1995: 58-59) y el estudio de las fibras (lanilla y pelo) (Reigadas 1994, 2001). El otro tipo de tecnica que permite la identificacion de las distintas especies corresponde a los analisis cuantitativos a partir de la osteometria y la aplicacion de analisis estadisticos sobre sus resultados. Una de las primeras aplicaciones de esta clase de estudios sobre camelidos de contextos arqueologicos fue realizada por Jonathan Kent (1982). Otros autores lo han seguido como Elkin (1996), Izeta (2004, 2006 e. p.), Lopez (2003), Madero (1992, 1993-1994) y Yacobaccio et al. (1997-1998) para el Noroeste de la Argentina y L’Hereux (2005) para Patagonia. En el ambito de la Paleontologia tambien se han realizado diversos estudios aplicando este tipo de analisis como los de Menegaz (2000) y Menegaz et al. (1988, 1989) entre otros. Por ello este Dossier tiene como fin agrupar diversos trabajos que enfocan en esa diversidad dentro de la familia Camelidae con el fin de logar diversas interpretaciones. Estas van desde cuestiones relacionadas con la identificacion de caracteres metricos que permitan definir sexo (Kaufmann y L´Heureux), variaciones metricas entre especies domesticas (Vasquez y Rosales), entre especies domesticas y silvestres (Cartajena, Izeta et al.), entre especies silvestres (Labarca y Prieto) y patrones economicos (Olivera y Grant).
-
estandares metricos y variabilidad en falanges proximales de camelidos sudamericanos su importancia como conjunto comparativo para interpretaciones en arqueologia metric standards and variability in south american camelids proximal phalanges
Revista del Museo de Antropología, 2009Co-Authors: Andres D Izeta, Clara Otaola, Alejandra GascoAbstract:Las medidas obtenidas a partir de huesos del esqueleto apendicular de camelidos sudamericanos han sido utilizadas en los ultimos anos como insumo basico para interpretar distintos aspectos relacionados con su asignacion especifica, manejo de rebanos y estrategias economicas, entre otros. La forma y el tamano de los huesos han sido interpretados como el resultado de distintas fuerzas asociadas a distintos tipos de restricciones ambientales o modificaciones producto del manejo humano. Esto es de gran importancia a la hora de interpretar la historia de la relacion humano-camelido, dado que el registro material obtenido en depositos arqueologicos posee variados restos a traves de los cuales se pueden reconstruir diversas situaciones ocurridas en el pasado, tanto a nivel de paleo-economias o paleoambientes. Gran parte de estas interpretaciones se han basado en escasas medidas de estandares moderno. Por ello, este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar datos metricos obtenidos de individuos contemporaneos de camelidos sudamericanos y que han sido considerados relevantes para su uso como material comparativo. Con esto se intenta evaluar desde una mirada critica el uso de estandares locales y no locales para la asignacion especifica de muestras arqueologicas. Con el fin de evaluar la variabilidad en la forma y el tamano de las primeras falanges se aplica el Analisis de Componente Principal y de Conglomerados (UPGMA). Para ello se toman en cuenta diferencias de tamano, forma y procedencia geografica con el fin de observar el peso aportado por cada variable en la conformacion de esta muestra. Como resultado se concluye que el uso de ambas tecnicas mas la procedencia geografica de las muestras modernas permite una definicion por especie de grano mas fino. Palabras clave: camelidos sudamericanos, osteometria, esqueleto postcraneal, falange proximal, variabilidad, estandares comparativos. Abstract The measurements obtained from South American camelids appendicular skeleton bones have been used in recent years as a benchmark for interpreting different aspects of archaeological studies. The shape and size of bones have been linked to various factors which may be related to environmental restrictions and human management. This is of great importance for interpreting the history of human-camelid relationships through time, since the many remains obtained from archaeological deposits permit reconstructing situations that occurred in the past, which can be interpreted as the result of paleoeconomic activity or environmental changes. Therefore, this paper aims to present metric data obtained from contemporary individuals of South American camelids, which have been considered relevant for use as comparative material. An evaluation of this data is given a critical look in order to rethink the use of local and nonlocal standards for “taxonomic” assignment of archaeological samples. In order to assess the variability in shape and size of the first phalanx, the application of Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis (UPGMA) is presented. This takes into account differences in size, shape and geographical origin in order to observe the contribution of each variable in the formation of this sample. As a result, it is concluded that the use of both techniques, as well as data from the geographical provenience of the modern samples, allows a finer-grained species determination. Keywords: South American camelids, Osteometry, postcranial skeleton, proximal phalanx, variability, comparative standards.
