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Noel B Salazar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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imagineering Otherness anthropological legacies in contemporary tourism
Anthropological Quarterly, 2013Co-Authors: Noel B SalazarAbstract:ABSTRACTThe role of anthropology as an academic discipline that seeds tourism imaginaries across the globe is more extensive than generally acknowledged. In this article, I draw on ethnographic and archival research in Indonesia and Tanzania to examine critically the recycling of long-refuted ethnological ideas and scientific ideologies in contemporary tourism interpretation. A fine-grained analysis of local tour guide narratives and practices in two popular destinations, Yogyakarta and Arusha, illustrates empirically how outdated scholarly models, including anthropological ones, are strategically used to represent and reproduce places and peoples as authentically different and relatively static, seemingly untouched by extra-local influences. [Keywords: Tourism, tour guiding, imagination, knowledge, representation, Indonesia, Tanzania](ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)Although it could not be described as an academic anthropology, tourism developed a more popular anthropological interest in social and cultural life. From an initial concentration on classical antiquity, tourism quickly spread, rather like anthropology itself, to peasant and tribal cultures, from the tropical islands of Polynesia to the arctic and desert interiors. As with professional anthropologists, tourists were interested in obtaining material artefacture and homes became display cabinets for their collections. And in the closing decades of the twentieth century, the heritage tourism industry became possible through the extension of this popular anthropology into the material and social cultures of an earlier modernity.-Adrian Franklin (2003:72)η January 2012, the British newspaper The Observer reported about a "hu- man safari" scandal on the Andaman Islands, Indian Ocean (Chamberlain 2012). The article and accompanying online video, which quickly went vi- ral through social media platforms, revealed how some half-naked Jarawa women were being bribed with food and bullied by a local police officer into performing for foreign tourists. Although it is forbidden by Indian law, local tourism service providers are ambiguous about visits to the "endangered" Jarawa people. The website of one of the island's resorts, for instance, states the following: "Visitors are allowed; no camera crews, no journal- ists, no scientists, and no researchers. While the Nicobar Islands are com- pletely out of bounds to tourists, it is also inappropriate, and in most cases illegal for tourists to seek out tribe members of the Andaman Islands."1 Interestingly, this same tourism stakeholder draws on anthropology to add importance to the islands as a worthwhile destination. The website even dedicates a special webpage to the discipline, stating "the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are considered to be one of the world's unique and most important anthropological sites." The kind of anthropology alluded to is not the contemporary one, which is critical of tourism development on the islands (e.g., Pandya 2009), but rather the colonial version, which depicted Andaman Islanders as "savages" (e.g., Radcliffe-Brown 1922).The adventurous fieldworker, traveling to remote places, hunting for lost "tribes" and "noble savages," has been part of the romantic imagina- tion associated with anthropological research throughout the 20th cen- tury. It is this kind of image that is reified in media productions such as the hugely popular BBC 2 series Tribe or its shorter US version on Discovery Channel, Going Tribal, in which "the world's remotest tribes" are visited to get "a unique insight into their life and customs." As Caplan (2005) notes, several of the supposedly isolated areas filmed for this series are today the site of well-developed international tourism activities. Indeed, rather than helping viewers to understand native life, the series encourages "anthro- pological tourism," a particular kind of "scientific tourism" (cf. West 2008). Specialized tour operators have drawn upon the stereotypical image of anthropologists to develop a niche market that is located somewhere in between academic and adventure tourism. …
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imagineering Otherness anthropological legacies in contemporary tourism
Social Science Research Network, 2013Co-Authors: Noel B SalazarAbstract:The role of anthropology as an academic discipline that seeds tourism imaginaries across the globe is more extensive than generally acknowledged. In this article, I draw on ethnographic and archival research in Indonesia and Tanzania to examine critically the recycling of long-refuted ethnological ideas and scientific ideologies in contemporary tourism interpretation. A fine-grained analysis of local tour guide narratives and practices in two popular destinations, Yogyakarta and Arusha, illustrates empirically how outdated scholarly models, including anthropological ones, are strategically used to represent and reproduce places and peoples as authentically different and relatively static, seemingly untouched by extra-local influences.
Hongliang Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fuel cell system degradation analysis of a chinese plug in hybrid fuel cell city bus
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016Co-Authors: Minggao Ouyang, Chuan Fang, Siliang Cheng, Wenbin Zhang, Hongliang JiangAbstract:Abstract Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles are attracting increasing attention and research. However, the durability of fuel cell systems (FCS) is the main bottleneck in commercial application. A plug-in fuel cell city bus was developed by our group, and it completed several months of demonstration operation. A two-stage flowchart was proposed to clarify the FCS degradation analysis. The average cell voltage decline rate is approximately 346 μV/h at a current density of 120 A, under which the initial voltage is about 0.7 V. The estimated lifetime in the third stage reaches the design target. The final electrochemically active surface areas are approximately 80% of the initial value. A detailed degradation analysis of fuel cell voltage uniformity is presented, and a five-region degradation Otherness analysis is proposed for performance uniformity analysis. The difference of equivalent resistance has been verified to be the main factor in degradation Otherness of the regions and in system performance degradation.
Minggao Ouyang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fuel cell system degradation analysis of a chinese plug in hybrid fuel cell city bus
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016Co-Authors: Minggao Ouyang, Chuan Fang, Siliang Cheng, Wenbin Zhang, Hongliang JiangAbstract:Abstract Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles are attracting increasing attention and research. However, the durability of fuel cell systems (FCS) is the main bottleneck in commercial application. A plug-in fuel cell city bus was developed by our group, and it completed several months of demonstration operation. A two-stage flowchart was proposed to clarify the FCS degradation analysis. The average cell voltage decline rate is approximately 346 μV/h at a current density of 120 A, under which the initial voltage is about 0.7 V. The estimated lifetime in the third stage reaches the design target. The final electrochemically active surface areas are approximately 80% of the initial value. A detailed degradation analysis of fuel cell voltage uniformity is presented, and a five-region degradation Otherness analysis is proposed for performance uniformity analysis. The difference of equivalent resistance has been verified to be the main factor in degradation Otherness of the regions and in system performance degradation.
Lee J Nelson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Otherness of self microchimerism in health and disease
Trends in Immunology, 2012Co-Authors: Lee J NelsonAbstract:Microchimerism (Mc) refers to the harboring of a small number of cells (or DNA) that originated in a different individual. Naturally acquired Mc derives primarily from maternal cells in her progeny, or cells of fetal origin in women. Both maternal and fetal Mc are detected in hematopoietic cells including T and B cells, monocyte/macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells and granulocytes. Mc appears also to generate cells such as myocytes, hepatocytes, islet β cells and neurons. Here, the detrimental and beneficial potential of Mc is examined. The prevalence, diversity and durability of naturally acquired Mc, including in healthy individuals, indicates that a shift is needed from the conventional paradigm of ‘self versus other' to a view of the normal ‘self' as constitutively chimeric.
Chuan Fang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fuel cell system degradation analysis of a chinese plug in hybrid fuel cell city bus
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016Co-Authors: Minggao Ouyang, Chuan Fang, Siliang Cheng, Wenbin Zhang, Hongliang JiangAbstract:Abstract Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles are attracting increasing attention and research. However, the durability of fuel cell systems (FCS) is the main bottleneck in commercial application. A plug-in fuel cell city bus was developed by our group, and it completed several months of demonstration operation. A two-stage flowchart was proposed to clarify the FCS degradation analysis. The average cell voltage decline rate is approximately 346 μV/h at a current density of 120 A, under which the initial voltage is about 0.7 V. The estimated lifetime in the third stage reaches the design target. The final electrochemically active surface areas are approximately 80% of the initial value. A detailed degradation analysis of fuel cell voltage uniformity is presented, and a five-region degradation Otherness analysis is proposed for performance uniformity analysis. The difference of equivalent resistance has been verified to be the main factor in degradation Otherness of the regions and in system performance degradation.
