The Experts below are selected from a list of 114 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yakov Kuzyakov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dramatic loss of inorganic carbon by nitrogen induced soil acidification in chinese croplands
Global Change Biology, 2020Co-Authors: Sajjad Raza, Na Miao, Peizhou Wang, Zhujun Chen, Jianbin Zhou, Yakov KuzyakovAbstract:Intensive crop production systems worldwide, particularly in China, rely heavily on nitrogen (N) fertilization, but left more than 50% of fertilizer N in the environment. Nitrogen (over) fertilization and atmospheric N deposition induce soil acidification, which is neutralized by soil inorganic carbon (SIC; carbonates), and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) is released to the atmosphere. For the first time, the loss of SIC stocks in response to N-induced soil acidification was estimated for Chinese croplands from 1980 to 2020 and forecasts were made up to 2100. The SIC stocks in croplands in 1980 were 2.16 Pg C (16.3 Mg C/ha) in the upper 40 cm, 7% (0.15 Pg C; 1.1 Mg C/ha) of which were lost from 1980 to 2020. During these 40 years, 7 million ha of cropland has become carbonate free. Another 37% of the SIC stocks may be lost up to 2100 in China, leaving 30 million ha of cropland (37.8%) without carbonates if N fertilization follows the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario. Compared to the BAU scenario, the reduction in N input by 15%-30% after 2020 (scenarios S1 and S2) will decrease carbonate dissolution by 18%-41%. If N input remains constant as noted in 2020 (S3) or decreases by 1% annually (S4), a reduction of up to 52%-67% in carbonate dissolution is expected compared to the BAU scenario. The presence of CaCO3 in the soil is important for various processes including acidity buffering, aggregate formation and stabilization, organic matter stabilization, microbial and enzyme activities, nutrient cycling and availability, and water permeability and plant productivity. Therefore, optimizing N fertilization and improving N-use efficiency are important for decreasing SIC losses from acidification. N application should be strictly calculated based on crop demand, and any overfertilization should be avoided to prevent environmental problems and soil fertility decline associated with CaCO3 losses.
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nitrogen fertilization raises co2 efflux from inorganic carbon a global assessment
Global Change Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Kazem Zamanian, Yakov Kuzyakov, Mohsen ZarebanadkoukiAbstract:Nitrogen (N) fertilization is an indispensable agricultural practice worldwide, serving the survival of half of the global population. Nitrogen transformation (e.g., nitrification) in soil as well as plant N uptake releases protons and increases soil acidification. Neutralizing this acidity in carbonate-containing soils (7.49 × 109 ha; ca. 54% of the global land surface area) leads to a CO2 release corresponding to 0.21 kg C per kg of applied N. We here for the first time raise this problem of acidification of carbonate-containing soils and assess the global CO2 release from pedogenic and geogenic carbonates in the upper 1 m soil depth. Based on a global N-fertilization map and the distribution of soils containing CaCO3 , we calculated the CO2 amount released annually from the acidification of such soils to be 7.48 × 1012 g C/year. This level of continuous CO2 release will remain constant at least until soils are fertilized by N. Moreover, we estimated that about 273 × 1012 g CO2 -C are released annually in the same process of CaCO3 neutralization but involving liming of acid soils. These two CO2 sources correspond to 3% of global CO2 emissions by fossil fuel combustion or 30% of CO2 by land-use changes. Importantly, the duration of CO2 release after land-use changes usually lasts only 1-3 decades before a new C equilibrium is reached in soil. In contrast, the CO2 released by CaCO3 acidification cannot reach equilibrium, as long as N fertilizer is applied until it becomes completely neutralized. As the CaCO3 amounts in soils, if present, are nearly unlimited, their complete dissolution and CO2 release will take centuries or even millennia. This emphasizes the necessity of preventing soil acidification in N-fertilized soils as an effective strategy to inhibit millennia of CO2 efflux to the atmosphere. Hence, N fertilization should be strictly calculated based on plant-demand, and overfertilization should be avoided not only because N is a source of local and regional eutrophication, but also because of the continuous CO2 release by global acidification.
Fusuo Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phosphorus in china s intensive vegetable production systems overfertilization soil enrichment and environmental implications
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2013Co-Authors: Zhengjuan Yan, Pengpeng Liu, Yuhong Li, A K Alva, Zhengxia Dou, Qing Chen, Fusuo ZhangAbstract:China's vegetable production has experienced a rapid growth in recent years. Total production amounted to 522.7 million Mg (1 Mg = 10(6) g) in 2009, which was more than nine times that in 1980 and represented >50% of the world production. Meanwhile, excessive use of animal manures and chemical fertilizers in vegetable fields has brought various production and environmental challenges, including excessive accumulation of nutrients in soils and accelerated water pollution problems. In this study, we have evaluated the current status of phosphorus (P) in China's intensive vegetable production systems based on data summarized from nearly 100 publications plus results from our recent experiments. Gross overfertilization occurred in greenhouse (571 kg P ha(-1)) and open-field (117 kg P ha(-1)) vegetable systems compared with P removal in harvested crops (44 and 25 kg P ha(-1)) per season. Excess P input led to soil enrichment of labile P, measured as Olsen-P, averaging 179 (greenhouses) and 100 mg P kg(-1) (open fields) in the 0- to 20-cm soil depth, and in some cases led to P leaching, as evidenced by increases in Olsen-P and CaCl2 - P at the 40- to 60-cm soil depth. The vast majority of vegetable soils had Olsen-P exceeding the critical level (46.0-58.0 mg P kg(-1)) for optimum vegetable yield. Innovative policies and strategies are urgently needed to implement science-based nutrient management practices to attain sustainable vegetable production while protecting natural and environmental resources.
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phosphorus in china s intensive vegetable production systems overfertilization soil enrichment and environmental implications
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2013Co-Authors: Zhengjuan Yan, Pengpeng Liu, A K Alva, Zhengxia Dou, Qing Chen, Fusuo ZhangAbstract:China's vegetable production has experienced a rapid growth in recent years. Total production amounted to 522.7 million Mg (1 Mg = 10(6) g) in 2009, which was more than nine times that in 1980 and represented >50% of the world production. Meanwhile, excessive use of animal manures and chemical fertilizers in vegetable fields has brought various production and environmental challenges, including excessive accumulation of nutrients in soils and accelerated water pollution problems. In this study, we have evaluated the current status of phosphorus (P) in China's intensive vegetable production systems based on data summarized from nearly 100 publications plus results from our recent experiments. Gross overfertilization occurred in greenhouse (571 kg P ha(-1)) and open-field (117 kg P ha(-1)) vegetable systems compared with P removal in harvested crops (44 and 25 kg P ha(-1)) per season. Excess P input led to soil enrichment of labile P, measured as Olsen-P, averaging 179 (greenhouses) and 100 mg P kg(-1) (open fields) in the 0- to 20-cm soil depth, and in some cases led to P leaching, as evidenced by increases in Olsen-P and CaCl2 - P at the 40- to 60-cm soil depth. The vast majority of vegetable soils had Olsen-P exceeding the critical level (46.0-58.0 mg P kg(-1)) for optimum vegetable yield. Innovative policies and strategies are urgently needed to implement science-based nutrient management practices to attain sustainable vegetable production while protecting natural and environmental resources.
Zhengjuan Yan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phosphorus in china s intensive vegetable production systems overfertilization soil enrichment and environmental implications
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2013Co-Authors: Zhengjuan Yan, Pengpeng Liu, Yuhong Li, A K Alva, Zhengxia Dou, Qing Chen, Fusuo ZhangAbstract:China's vegetable production has experienced a rapid growth in recent years. Total production amounted to 522.7 million Mg (1 Mg = 10(6) g) in 2009, which was more than nine times that in 1980 and represented >50% of the world production. Meanwhile, excessive use of animal manures and chemical fertilizers in vegetable fields has brought various production and environmental challenges, including excessive accumulation of nutrients in soils and accelerated water pollution problems. In this study, we have evaluated the current status of phosphorus (P) in China's intensive vegetable production systems based on data summarized from nearly 100 publications plus results from our recent experiments. Gross overfertilization occurred in greenhouse (571 kg P ha(-1)) and open-field (117 kg P ha(-1)) vegetable systems compared with P removal in harvested crops (44 and 25 kg P ha(-1)) per season. Excess P input led to soil enrichment of labile P, measured as Olsen-P, averaging 179 (greenhouses) and 100 mg P kg(-1) (open fields) in the 0- to 20-cm soil depth, and in some cases led to P leaching, as evidenced by increases in Olsen-P and CaCl2 - P at the 40- to 60-cm soil depth. The vast majority of vegetable soils had Olsen-P exceeding the critical level (46.0-58.0 mg P kg(-1)) for optimum vegetable yield. Innovative policies and strategies are urgently needed to implement science-based nutrient management practices to attain sustainable vegetable production while protecting natural and environmental resources.
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phosphorus in china s intensive vegetable production systems overfertilization soil enrichment and environmental implications
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2013Co-Authors: Zhengjuan Yan, Pengpeng Liu, A K Alva, Zhengxia Dou, Qing Chen, Fusuo ZhangAbstract:China's vegetable production has experienced a rapid growth in recent years. Total production amounted to 522.7 million Mg (1 Mg = 10(6) g) in 2009, which was more than nine times that in 1980 and represented >50% of the world production. Meanwhile, excessive use of animal manures and chemical fertilizers in vegetable fields has brought various production and environmental challenges, including excessive accumulation of nutrients in soils and accelerated water pollution problems. In this study, we have evaluated the current status of phosphorus (P) in China's intensive vegetable production systems based on data summarized from nearly 100 publications plus results from our recent experiments. Gross overfertilization occurred in greenhouse (571 kg P ha(-1)) and open-field (117 kg P ha(-1)) vegetable systems compared with P removal in harvested crops (44 and 25 kg P ha(-1)) per season. Excess P input led to soil enrichment of labile P, measured as Olsen-P, averaging 179 (greenhouses) and 100 mg P kg(-1) (open fields) in the 0- to 20-cm soil depth, and in some cases led to P leaching, as evidenced by increases in Olsen-P and CaCl2 - P at the 40- to 60-cm soil depth. The vast majority of vegetable soils had Olsen-P exceeding the critical level (46.0-58.0 mg P kg(-1)) for optimum vegetable yield. Innovative policies and strategies are urgently needed to implement science-based nutrient management practices to attain sustainable vegetable production while protecting natural and environmental resources.
Kazem Zamanian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nitrogen fertilization raises co2 efflux from inorganic carbon a global assessment
Global Change Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Kazem Zamanian, Yakov Kuzyakov, Mohsen ZarebanadkoukiAbstract:Nitrogen (N) fertilization is an indispensable agricultural practice worldwide, serving the survival of half of the global population. Nitrogen transformation (e.g., nitrification) in soil as well as plant N uptake releases protons and increases soil acidification. Neutralizing this acidity in carbonate-containing soils (7.49 × 109 ha; ca. 54% of the global land surface area) leads to a CO2 release corresponding to 0.21 kg C per kg of applied N. We here for the first time raise this problem of acidification of carbonate-containing soils and assess the global CO2 release from pedogenic and geogenic carbonates in the upper 1 m soil depth. Based on a global N-fertilization map and the distribution of soils containing CaCO3 , we calculated the CO2 amount released annually from the acidification of such soils to be 7.48 × 1012 g C/year. This level of continuous CO2 release will remain constant at least until soils are fertilized by N. Moreover, we estimated that about 273 × 1012 g CO2 -C are released annually in the same process of CaCO3 neutralization but involving liming of acid soils. These two CO2 sources correspond to 3% of global CO2 emissions by fossil fuel combustion or 30% of CO2 by land-use changes. Importantly, the duration of CO2 release after land-use changes usually lasts only 1-3 decades before a new C equilibrium is reached in soil. In contrast, the CO2 released by CaCO3 acidification cannot reach equilibrium, as long as N fertilizer is applied until it becomes completely neutralized. As the CaCO3 amounts in soils, if present, are nearly unlimited, their complete dissolution and CO2 release will take centuries or even millennia. This emphasizes the necessity of preventing soil acidification in N-fertilized soils as an effective strategy to inhibit millennia of CO2 efflux to the atmosphere. Hence, N fertilization should be strictly calculated based on plant-demand, and overfertilization should be avoided not only because N is a source of local and regional eutrophication, but also because of the continuous CO2 release by global acidification.
Zhengxia Dou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phosphorus in china s intensive vegetable production systems overfertilization soil enrichment and environmental implications
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2013Co-Authors: Zhengjuan Yan, Pengpeng Liu, Yuhong Li, A K Alva, Zhengxia Dou, Qing Chen, Fusuo ZhangAbstract:China's vegetable production has experienced a rapid growth in recent years. Total production amounted to 522.7 million Mg (1 Mg = 10(6) g) in 2009, which was more than nine times that in 1980 and represented >50% of the world production. Meanwhile, excessive use of animal manures and chemical fertilizers in vegetable fields has brought various production and environmental challenges, including excessive accumulation of nutrients in soils and accelerated water pollution problems. In this study, we have evaluated the current status of phosphorus (P) in China's intensive vegetable production systems based on data summarized from nearly 100 publications plus results from our recent experiments. Gross overfertilization occurred in greenhouse (571 kg P ha(-1)) and open-field (117 kg P ha(-1)) vegetable systems compared with P removal in harvested crops (44 and 25 kg P ha(-1)) per season. Excess P input led to soil enrichment of labile P, measured as Olsen-P, averaging 179 (greenhouses) and 100 mg P kg(-1) (open fields) in the 0- to 20-cm soil depth, and in some cases led to P leaching, as evidenced by increases in Olsen-P and CaCl2 - P at the 40- to 60-cm soil depth. The vast majority of vegetable soils had Olsen-P exceeding the critical level (46.0-58.0 mg P kg(-1)) for optimum vegetable yield. Innovative policies and strategies are urgently needed to implement science-based nutrient management practices to attain sustainable vegetable production while protecting natural and environmental resources.
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phosphorus in china s intensive vegetable production systems overfertilization soil enrichment and environmental implications
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2013Co-Authors: Zhengjuan Yan, Pengpeng Liu, A K Alva, Zhengxia Dou, Qing Chen, Fusuo ZhangAbstract:China's vegetable production has experienced a rapid growth in recent years. Total production amounted to 522.7 million Mg (1 Mg = 10(6) g) in 2009, which was more than nine times that in 1980 and represented >50% of the world production. Meanwhile, excessive use of animal manures and chemical fertilizers in vegetable fields has brought various production and environmental challenges, including excessive accumulation of nutrients in soils and accelerated water pollution problems. In this study, we have evaluated the current status of phosphorus (P) in China's intensive vegetable production systems based on data summarized from nearly 100 publications plus results from our recent experiments. Gross overfertilization occurred in greenhouse (571 kg P ha(-1)) and open-field (117 kg P ha(-1)) vegetable systems compared with P removal in harvested crops (44 and 25 kg P ha(-1)) per season. Excess P input led to soil enrichment of labile P, measured as Olsen-P, averaging 179 (greenhouses) and 100 mg P kg(-1) (open fields) in the 0- to 20-cm soil depth, and in some cases led to P leaching, as evidenced by increases in Olsen-P and CaCl2 - P at the 40- to 60-cm soil depth. The vast majority of vegetable soils had Olsen-P exceeding the critical level (46.0-58.0 mg P kg(-1)) for optimum vegetable yield. Innovative policies and strategies are urgently needed to implement science-based nutrient management practices to attain sustainable vegetable production while protecting natural and environmental resources.
