The Experts below are selected from a list of 1992 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mark W Luckenbach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
millennial scale sustainability of the chesapeake bay native american Oyster fishery
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016Co-Authors: Torben C Rick, Leslie Reedermyers, Courtney A Hofman, Denise L Breitburg, Rowan Lockwood, Gregory A Henkes, Lisa M Kellogg, Darrin Lowery, Mark W LuckenbachAbstract:Estuaries around the world are in a state of decline following decades or more of overfishing, pollution, and climate change. Oysters (Ostreidae), ecosystem engineers in many estuaries, influence water quality, construct habitat, and provide food for humans and wildlife. In North America’s Chesapeake Bay, once-thriving eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) populations have declined dramatically, making their restoration and conservation extremely challenging. Here we present data on Oyster size and human harvest from Chesapeake Bay archaeological sites spanning ∼3,500 y of Native American, colonial, and historical occupation. We compare Oysters from archaeological sites with Pleistocene Oyster reefs that existed before human harvest, modern Oyster reefs, and other records of human Oyster harvest from around the world. Native American Fisheries were focused on nearshore Oysters and were likely harvested at a rate that was sustainable over centuries to millennia, despite changing Holocene climatic conditions and sea-level rise. These data document resilience in Oyster populations under long-term Native American harvest, sea-level rise, and climate change; provide context for managing modern Oyster Fisheries in the Chesapeake Bay and elsewhere around the world; and demonstrate an interdisciplinary approach that can be applied broadly to other Fisheries.
Courtney A Hofman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
millennial scale sustainability of the chesapeake bay native american Oyster fishery
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016Co-Authors: Torben C Rick, Leslie Reedermyers, Courtney A Hofman, Denise L Breitburg, Rowan Lockwood, Gregory A Henkes, Lisa M Kellogg, Darrin Lowery, Mark W LuckenbachAbstract:Estuaries around the world are in a state of decline following decades or more of overfishing, pollution, and climate change. Oysters (Ostreidae), ecosystem engineers in many estuaries, influence water quality, construct habitat, and provide food for humans and wildlife. In North America’s Chesapeake Bay, once-thriving eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) populations have declined dramatically, making their restoration and conservation extremely challenging. Here we present data on Oyster size and human harvest from Chesapeake Bay archaeological sites spanning ∼3,500 y of Native American, colonial, and historical occupation. We compare Oysters from archaeological sites with Pleistocene Oyster reefs that existed before human harvest, modern Oyster reefs, and other records of human Oyster harvest from around the world. Native American Fisheries were focused on nearshore Oysters and were likely harvested at a rate that was sustainable over centuries to millennia, despite changing Holocene climatic conditions and sea-level rise. These data document resilience in Oyster populations under long-term Native American harvest, sea-level rise, and climate change; provide context for managing modern Oyster Fisheries in the Chesapeake Bay and elsewhere around the world; and demonstrate an interdisciplinary approach that can be applied broadly to other Fisheries.
Michael Xavier Kirby - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
fishing down the coast historical expansion and collapse of Oyster Fisheries along continental margins
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004Co-Authors: Michael Xavier KirbyAbstract:Estuarine ecosystems have changed dramatically from centuries of fishing, habitat disturbance, sedimentation, and nutrient loading. Degradation of Oyster reefs by destructive fishing practices in particular has had a profound effect on estuarine ecology, yet the timing and magnitude of Oyster-reef degradation in estuaries is poorly quantified. Here, I evaluate the expansion and collapse of Oyster Fisheries in 28 estuaries along three continental margins through the analysis of historical proxies derived from fishery records to infer when Oyster reefs were degraded. Exploitation for Oysters did not occur randomly along continental margins but followed a predictable pattern. Oyster Fisheries expanded and collapsed in a linear sequence along eastern North America (Crassostrea virginica), western North America (Ostreola conchaphila), and eastern Australia (Saccostrea glomerata). Fishery collapse began in the estuaries that were nearest to a developing urban center before exploitation began to spread down the coast. As each successive fishery collapsed, Oysters from more distant estuaries were fished and transported to restock exploited estuaries near the original urban center. This moving wave of exploitation traveled along each coastline until the most distant estuary had been reached and overfished.
Torben C Rick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
millennial scale sustainability of the chesapeake bay native american Oyster fishery
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016Co-Authors: Torben C Rick, Leslie Reedermyers, Courtney A Hofman, Denise L Breitburg, Rowan Lockwood, Gregory A Henkes, Lisa M Kellogg, Darrin Lowery, Mark W LuckenbachAbstract:Estuaries around the world are in a state of decline following decades or more of overfishing, pollution, and climate change. Oysters (Ostreidae), ecosystem engineers in many estuaries, influence water quality, construct habitat, and provide food for humans and wildlife. In North America’s Chesapeake Bay, once-thriving eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) populations have declined dramatically, making their restoration and conservation extremely challenging. Here we present data on Oyster size and human harvest from Chesapeake Bay archaeological sites spanning ∼3,500 y of Native American, colonial, and historical occupation. We compare Oysters from archaeological sites with Pleistocene Oyster reefs that existed before human harvest, modern Oyster reefs, and other records of human Oyster harvest from around the world. Native American Fisheries were focused on nearshore Oysters and were likely harvested at a rate that was sustainable over centuries to millennia, despite changing Holocene climatic conditions and sea-level rise. These data document resilience in Oyster populations under long-term Native American harvest, sea-level rise, and climate change; provide context for managing modern Oyster Fisheries in the Chesapeake Bay and elsewhere around the world; and demonstrate an interdisciplinary approach that can be applied broadly to other Fisheries.
Thomas F Lytle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
decreased resistance of eastern Oysters crassostrea virginica to a protozoan pathogen perkinsus marinus after sublethal exposure to tributyltin oxide
Marine Environmental Research, 1999Co-Authors: William S Fisher, Charles S Manning, William W Walker, Leah M Oliver, Thomas F LytleAbstract:Abstract Anthropogenic environmental stress is a likely contributor to outbreaks of disease due to immunosuppression or increased host vulnerability. Estuarine organisms are exposed to variable concentrations of marine antifouling agents, such as tributyltin (TBT), with higher exposures existing near ports and marinas. Eastern Oysters ( Crassostrea virginica ), inhabiting the northern Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic coast of North America, are susceptible to a protozoan pathogen, Perkinsus marinus , which has devastated Oyster populations and depleted Oyster Fisheries throughout its range. This study examined the effects of exposure to environmental levels of TBT on susceptibility and survival of Oysters when subsequently challenged with P. marinus . Oysters were exposed to TBT (0, 30 and 80 ng/L) in flow-through aquaria for 9 weeks, then moved to static aquaria, where they were challenged with parasites and monitored for an additional 8 weeks for mortality and disease. Results indicated increased infection intensity and Oyster mortality in the TBT-exposed treatments relative to unexposed controls. It is hypothesized that TBT exacerbates the infectious disease process and that exposed Oysters succumb at lower levels of infection.
