The Experts below are selected from a list of 4557 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Mubashir Angolkar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effect of restricted Pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Sharifah Halimah Jaafar, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Mubashir AngolkarAbstract:Background To successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for a longer duration, the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommends total avoidance of artificial teats or Pacifiers for breastfeeding infants. Concerns have been raised that offering the Pacifier instead of the breast to calm the infant may lead to less frequent episodes of breastfeeding and as a consequence may reduce breast-milk production and shorten duration of breastfeeding. Objectives To assess the effect of restricted versus unrestricted Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed, on the duration of breastfeeding, other breastfeeding outcomes and infant health. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (30 June 2016) and reference lists of retrieved studies. Selection criteria Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing restricted versus unrestricted Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns who have initiated breastfeeding. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and risk of bias, extracted data and checked them for accuracy. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Main results We found three trials (involving 1915 babies) for inclusion in the review, but have included only two trials (involving 1302 healthy full-term breastfeeding infants) in the analysis. Meta-analysis of the two combined studies showed that Pacifier use in healthy breastfeeding infants had no significant effect on the proportion of infants exclusively breastfed at three months (risk ratio (RR) 1.01; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96 to 1.07, two studies, 1228 infants), and at four months of age (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.09, one study, 970 infants, moderate-quality evidence), and also had no effect on the proportion of infants partially breastfed at three months (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.02, two studies, 1228 infants), and at four months of age (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02, one study, 970 infants). None of the included trials reported data on the other primary outcomes, i.e. duration of partial or exclusive breastfeeding, or secondary outcomes: breastfeeding difficulties (mastitis, cracked nipples, breast engorgement); infant's health (dental malocclusion, otitis media, oral candidiasis; sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)); maternal satisfaction and level of confidence in parenting. One study reported that avoidance of Pacifiers had no effect on cry/fuss behavior at ages four, six, or nine weeks and also reported no effect on the risk of weaning before age three months, however the data were incomplete and so could not be included for analysis. Authors' conclusions Pacifier use in healthy term breastfeeding infants, started from birth or after lactation is established, did not significantly affect the prevalence or duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding up to four months of age. Evidence to assess the short-term breastfeeding difficulties faced by mothers and long-term effect of Pacifiers on infants' health is lacking.
-
Cochrane Review: Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding
Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Sharifah Halimah Jaafar, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Mubashir AngolkarAbstract:Background To successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for a longer duration, the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommends total avoidance of artificial teats or Pacifiers for breastfeeding infants. Offering the Pacifier instead of the breast to calm the infant may lead to less frequent episodes of breastfeeding and as a consequence may reduce breast milk production and shorten duration of breastfeeding; however, this remains unclear. Objectives To assess the effect of Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed, on the duration of breastfeeding, other breastfeeding outcomes and infant health. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 December 2010). Selection criteria Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns who have initiated breastfeeding regardless of whether they were born at home or in the hospital. Data collection and analysis Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and carried out data extraction. Main results We found three trials (involving 1915 babies) for inclusion in the review but have included only two trials (involving 1302 healthy full-term breastfeeding infants) in the analysis. Meta-analysis of the two combined studies showed that Pacifier use in healthy breastfeeding infants had no significant effect on the proportion of infants exclusively breastfed at three months (risk ratio (RR) 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.06), and at four months of age (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.06) and also had no effect on the proportion of infants partially breastfed at three months (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02), and at 4 months of age (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.03). Authors' conclusions Pacifier use in healthy term breastfeeding infants, started from birth or after lactation is established, did not significantly affect the prevalence or duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding up to four months of age. However, evidence to assess the short-term breastfeeding difficulties faced by mothers and long-term effect of Pacifiers on infants' health is lacking. Plain Language Summary Effect of Pacifier use on duration of breastfeeding in full-term infants Breast milk is superior to other baby foods in providing balanced nutrition and protection against allergy and infection to newborns. Breastfeeding is recommended by the World Health Organization, exclusively in the first six months and then as a dietary supplement. Breastmilk production and supply are maintained by frequent suckling of the breast and nipple stimulation. A Pacifier is a non-nutritive sucking device used to calm an infant that has become a cultural norm in many parts of the world. However there is a widespread belief that Pacifiers may interfere with breast milk production and lead to discontinuation of breastfeeding. Our review concluded that for mothers who are motivated to breastfeed their infants, Pacifier use before or after breastfeeding was established did not significantly affect the prevalence or duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding up to four months of age. The review provided moderate evidence from three randomised controlled trials (involving 1915 babies) comparing Pacifier use and no Pacifier use by healthy, full-term breastfeeding infants; two of the trials (1302 babies) were included in the analysis. However, there is a widespread belief that Pacifiers may interfere with breast milk production and lead to discontinuation of breastfeeding.
-
The Cochrane Library - Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011Co-Authors: Sharifah Halimah Jaafar, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Mubashir AngolkarAbstract:Background To successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for a longer duration, the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommends total avoidance of artificial teats or Pacifiers for breastfeeding infants. Offering the Pacifier instead of the breast to calm the infant may lead to less frequent episodes of breastfeeding and as a consequence may reduce breast milk production and shorten duration of breastfeeding; however, this remains unclear. Objectives To assess the effect of Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed, on the duration of breastfeeding, other breastfeeding outcomes and infant health. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 December 2010). Selection criteria Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns who have initiated breastfeeding regardless of whether they were born at home or in the hospital. Data collection and analysis Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and carried out data extraction. Main results We found three trials (involving 1915 babies) for inclusion in the review but have included only two trials (involving 1302 healthy full-term breastfeeding infants) in the analysis. Meta-analysis of the two combined studies showed that Pacifier use in healthy breastfeeding infants had no significant effect on the proportion of infants exclusively breastfed at three months (risk ratio (RR) 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.06), and at four months of age (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.06) and also had no effect on the proportion of infants partially breastfed at three months (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02), and at 4 months of age (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.03). Authors' conclusions Pacifier use in healthy term breastfeeding infants, started from birth or after lactation is established, did not significantly affect the prevalence or duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding up to four months of age. However, evidence to assess the short-term breastfeeding difficulties faced by mothers and long-term effect of Pacifiers on infants' health is lacking.
-
Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2011Co-Authors: Sharifah Halimah Jaafar, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Mubashir AngolkarAbstract:Background To successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for a longer duration, the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommends total avoidance of artificial teats or Pacifiers for breastfeeding infants. Offering the Pacifier instead of the breast to calm the infant may lead to less frequent episodes of breastfeeding and as a consequence may reduce breast milk production and shorten duration of breastfeeding; however, this remains unclear. Objectives To assess the effect of Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed, on the duration of breastfeeding, other breastfeeding outcomes and infant health. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 December 2010). Selection criteria Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns who have initiated breastfeeding regardless of whether they were born at home or in the hospital. Data collection and analysis Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and carried out data extraction. Main results We found three trials (involving 1915 babies) for inclusion in the review but have included only two trials (involving 1302 healthy full-term breastfeeding infants) in the analysis. Meta-analysis of the two combined studies showed that Pacifier use in healthy breastfeeding infants had no significant effect on the proportion of infants exclusively breastfed at three months (risk ratio (RR) 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.06), and at four months of age (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.06) and also had no effect on the proportion of infants partially breastfed at three months (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02), and at 4 months of age (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.03). Authors' conclusions Pacifier use in healthy term breastfeeding infants, started from birth or after lactation is established, did not significantly affect the prevalence or duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding up to four months of age. However, evidence to assess the short-term breastfeeding difficulties faced by mothers and long-term effect of Pacifiers on infants' health is lacking.
-
Pacifier Use Compared With No Pacifier Use in Breastfeeding Term Infants for Increasing Duration of Breastfeeding
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2011Co-Authors: Sharifah Halimah Jaafar, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Mubashir AngolkarAbstract:BACKGROUND: To successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for a longer duration, the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommends total avoidance of artificial teats or Pacifiers for breastfeeding infants. Offering the Pacifier instead of the breast to calm the infant may lead to less frequent episodes of breastfeeding and as a consequence may reduce breast milk production and shorten duration of breastfeeding; however, this remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed, on the duration of breastfeeding, other breastfeeding outcomes and infant health. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 December 2010). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns who have initiated breastfeeding regardless of whether they were born at home or in the hospital. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and carried out data extraction. MAIN RESULTS: We found three trials (involving 1915 babies) for inclusion in the review but have included only two trials (involving 1302 healthy full-term breastfeeding infants) in the analysis. Meta-analysis of the two combined studies showed that Pacifier use in healthy breastfeeding infants had no significant effect on the proportion of infants exclusively breastfed at three months (risk ratio (RR) 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.06), and at four months of age (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.06) and also had no effect on the proportion of infants partially breastfed at three months (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02), and at 4 months of age (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.03). AUTHORS' CONCLUSION: Pacifier use in healthy term breastfeeding infants, started from birth or after lactation is established, did not significantly affect the prevalence or duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding up to four months of age. However, evidence to assess the short-term breastfeeding difficulties faced by mothers and long-term effect of Pacifiers on infants' health is lacking.
Carlalberta Verna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The effect of Pacifier sucking on orofacial structures: a systematic literature review
Progress in Orthodontics, 2018Co-Authors: Karin Michèle Schmid, Remo Kugler, Prasad Nalabothu, Carles Bosch, Carlalberta VernaAbstract:Background Non-nutritive sucking habits may adversely affect the orofacial complex. This systematic literature review aimed to find scientific evidence on the effect of Pacifier sucking on orofacial structures. Methods A search on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science databases was conducted to find all pertinent articles published from inception until February 2018, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the risk of bias judgements in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I). Results Among the 2288 articles found, 17 articles met the selection criteria: seven prospective cohort studies, nine cross-sectional studies, and one randomized clinical trial. Using ROBINS-I, 12 studies were evaluated to have a serious overall risk of bias and five, a moderate one. These studies claimed a strong association between a Pacifier sucking habit and the presence of an anterior open bite and posterior crossbite. Functional/orthodontic Pacifiers were shown to cause significantly less open bites than the conventional ones. Conclusions High level of evidence of the effect of sucking habits on orofacial structures is missing. The available studies show severe or moderate risk of bias; hence, the findings in the literature need to be very carefully evaluated. There is moderate evidence that the use of Pacifier is associated with anterior open bite and posterior crossbite, thus affecting the harmonious development of orofacial structures. Functional/orthodontic Pacifiers reduce the prevalence of open bite when compared to the conventional ones, but evidence is needed concerning the effects on posterior crossbite. Well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to further analyze the effects of functional/orthodontic and conventional Pacifiers on orofacial structures.
-
the effect of Pacifier sucking on orofacial structures a systematic literature review
Progress in Orthodontics, 2018Co-Authors: Karin Michèle Schmid, Remo Kugler, Prasad Nalabothu, Carles Bosch, Carlalberta VernaAbstract:Non-nutritive sucking habits may adversely affect the orofacial complex. This systematic literature review aimed to find scientific evidence on the effect of Pacifier sucking on orofacial structures. A search on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science databases was conducted to find all pertinent articles published from inception until February 2018, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the risk of bias judgements in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I). Among the 2288 articles found, 17 articles met the selection criteria: seven prospective cohort studies, nine cross-sectional studies, and one randomized clinical trial. Using ROBINS-I, 12 studies were evaluated to have a serious overall risk of bias and five, a moderate one. These studies claimed a strong association between a Pacifier sucking habit and the presence of an anterior open bite and posterior crossbite. Functional/orthodontic Pacifiers were shown to cause significantly less open bites than the conventional ones. High level of evidence of the effect of sucking habits on orofacial structures is missing. The available studies show severe or moderate risk of bias; hence, the findings in the literature need to be very carefully evaluated. There is moderate evidence that the use of Pacifier is associated with anterior open bite and posterior crossbite, thus affecting the harmonious development of orofacial structures. Functional/orthodontic Pacifiers reduce the prevalence of open bite when compared to the conventional ones, but evidence is needed concerning the effects on posterior crossbite. Well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to further analyze the effects of functional/orthodontic and conventional Pacifiers on orofacial structures.
Sharifah Halimah Jaafar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effect of restricted Pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Sharifah Halimah Jaafar, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Mubashir AngolkarAbstract:Background To successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for a longer duration, the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommends total avoidance of artificial teats or Pacifiers for breastfeeding infants. Concerns have been raised that offering the Pacifier instead of the breast to calm the infant may lead to less frequent episodes of breastfeeding and as a consequence may reduce breast-milk production and shorten duration of breastfeeding. Objectives To assess the effect of restricted versus unrestricted Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed, on the duration of breastfeeding, other breastfeeding outcomes and infant health. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (30 June 2016) and reference lists of retrieved studies. Selection criteria Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing restricted versus unrestricted Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns who have initiated breastfeeding. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and risk of bias, extracted data and checked them for accuracy. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Main results We found three trials (involving 1915 babies) for inclusion in the review, but have included only two trials (involving 1302 healthy full-term breastfeeding infants) in the analysis. Meta-analysis of the two combined studies showed that Pacifier use in healthy breastfeeding infants had no significant effect on the proportion of infants exclusively breastfed at three months (risk ratio (RR) 1.01; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96 to 1.07, two studies, 1228 infants), and at four months of age (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.09, one study, 970 infants, moderate-quality evidence), and also had no effect on the proportion of infants partially breastfed at three months (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.02, two studies, 1228 infants), and at four months of age (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02, one study, 970 infants). None of the included trials reported data on the other primary outcomes, i.e. duration of partial or exclusive breastfeeding, or secondary outcomes: breastfeeding difficulties (mastitis, cracked nipples, breast engorgement); infant's health (dental malocclusion, otitis media, oral candidiasis; sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)); maternal satisfaction and level of confidence in parenting. One study reported that avoidance of Pacifiers had no effect on cry/fuss behavior at ages four, six, or nine weeks and also reported no effect on the risk of weaning before age three months, however the data were incomplete and so could not be included for analysis. Authors' conclusions Pacifier use in healthy term breastfeeding infants, started from birth or after lactation is established, did not significantly affect the prevalence or duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding up to four months of age. Evidence to assess the short-term breastfeeding difficulties faced by mothers and long-term effect of Pacifiers on infants' health is lacking.
-
Cochrane Review: Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding
Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Sharifah Halimah Jaafar, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Mubashir AngolkarAbstract:Background To successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for a longer duration, the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommends total avoidance of artificial teats or Pacifiers for breastfeeding infants. Offering the Pacifier instead of the breast to calm the infant may lead to less frequent episodes of breastfeeding and as a consequence may reduce breast milk production and shorten duration of breastfeeding; however, this remains unclear. Objectives To assess the effect of Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed, on the duration of breastfeeding, other breastfeeding outcomes and infant health. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 December 2010). Selection criteria Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns who have initiated breastfeeding regardless of whether they were born at home or in the hospital. Data collection and analysis Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and carried out data extraction. Main results We found three trials (involving 1915 babies) for inclusion in the review but have included only two trials (involving 1302 healthy full-term breastfeeding infants) in the analysis. Meta-analysis of the two combined studies showed that Pacifier use in healthy breastfeeding infants had no significant effect on the proportion of infants exclusively breastfed at three months (risk ratio (RR) 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.06), and at four months of age (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.06) and also had no effect on the proportion of infants partially breastfed at three months (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02), and at 4 months of age (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.03). Authors' conclusions Pacifier use in healthy term breastfeeding infants, started from birth or after lactation is established, did not significantly affect the prevalence or duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding up to four months of age. However, evidence to assess the short-term breastfeeding difficulties faced by mothers and long-term effect of Pacifiers on infants' health is lacking. Plain Language Summary Effect of Pacifier use on duration of breastfeeding in full-term infants Breast milk is superior to other baby foods in providing balanced nutrition and protection against allergy and infection to newborns. Breastfeeding is recommended by the World Health Organization, exclusively in the first six months and then as a dietary supplement. Breastmilk production and supply are maintained by frequent suckling of the breast and nipple stimulation. A Pacifier is a non-nutritive sucking device used to calm an infant that has become a cultural norm in many parts of the world. However there is a widespread belief that Pacifiers may interfere with breast milk production and lead to discontinuation of breastfeeding. Our review concluded that for mothers who are motivated to breastfeed their infants, Pacifier use before or after breastfeeding was established did not significantly affect the prevalence or duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding up to four months of age. The review provided moderate evidence from three randomised controlled trials (involving 1915 babies) comparing Pacifier use and no Pacifier use by healthy, full-term breastfeeding infants; two of the trials (1302 babies) were included in the analysis. However, there is a widespread belief that Pacifiers may interfere with breast milk production and lead to discontinuation of breastfeeding.
-
The Cochrane Library - Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011Co-Authors: Sharifah Halimah Jaafar, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Mubashir AngolkarAbstract:Background To successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for a longer duration, the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommends total avoidance of artificial teats or Pacifiers for breastfeeding infants. Offering the Pacifier instead of the breast to calm the infant may lead to less frequent episodes of breastfeeding and as a consequence may reduce breast milk production and shorten duration of breastfeeding; however, this remains unclear. Objectives To assess the effect of Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed, on the duration of breastfeeding, other breastfeeding outcomes and infant health. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 December 2010). Selection criteria Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns who have initiated breastfeeding regardless of whether they were born at home or in the hospital. Data collection and analysis Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and carried out data extraction. Main results We found three trials (involving 1915 babies) for inclusion in the review but have included only two trials (involving 1302 healthy full-term breastfeeding infants) in the analysis. Meta-analysis of the two combined studies showed that Pacifier use in healthy breastfeeding infants had no significant effect on the proportion of infants exclusively breastfed at three months (risk ratio (RR) 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.06), and at four months of age (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.06) and also had no effect on the proportion of infants partially breastfed at three months (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02), and at 4 months of age (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.03). Authors' conclusions Pacifier use in healthy term breastfeeding infants, started from birth or after lactation is established, did not significantly affect the prevalence or duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding up to four months of age. However, evidence to assess the short-term breastfeeding difficulties faced by mothers and long-term effect of Pacifiers on infants' health is lacking.
-
Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2011Co-Authors: Sharifah Halimah Jaafar, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Mubashir AngolkarAbstract:Background To successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for a longer duration, the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommends total avoidance of artificial teats or Pacifiers for breastfeeding infants. Offering the Pacifier instead of the breast to calm the infant may lead to less frequent episodes of breastfeeding and as a consequence may reduce breast milk production and shorten duration of breastfeeding; however, this remains unclear. Objectives To assess the effect of Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed, on the duration of breastfeeding, other breastfeeding outcomes and infant health. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 December 2010). Selection criteria Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns who have initiated breastfeeding regardless of whether they were born at home or in the hospital. Data collection and analysis Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and carried out data extraction. Main results We found three trials (involving 1915 babies) for inclusion in the review but have included only two trials (involving 1302 healthy full-term breastfeeding infants) in the analysis. Meta-analysis of the two combined studies showed that Pacifier use in healthy breastfeeding infants had no significant effect on the proportion of infants exclusively breastfed at three months (risk ratio (RR) 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.06), and at four months of age (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.06) and also had no effect on the proportion of infants partially breastfed at three months (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02), and at 4 months of age (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.03). Authors' conclusions Pacifier use in healthy term breastfeeding infants, started from birth or after lactation is established, did not significantly affect the prevalence or duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding up to four months of age. However, evidence to assess the short-term breastfeeding difficulties faced by mothers and long-term effect of Pacifiers on infants' health is lacking.
-
Pacifier Use Compared With No Pacifier Use in Breastfeeding Term Infants for Increasing Duration of Breastfeeding
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2011Co-Authors: Sharifah Halimah Jaafar, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Mubashir AngolkarAbstract:BACKGROUND: To successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for a longer duration, the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommends total avoidance of artificial teats or Pacifiers for breastfeeding infants. Offering the Pacifier instead of the breast to calm the infant may lead to less frequent episodes of breastfeeding and as a consequence may reduce breast milk production and shorten duration of breastfeeding; however, this remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed, on the duration of breastfeeding, other breastfeeding outcomes and infant health. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 December 2010). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns who have initiated breastfeeding regardless of whether they were born at home or in the hospital. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and carried out data extraction. MAIN RESULTS: We found three trials (involving 1915 babies) for inclusion in the review but have included only two trials (involving 1302 healthy full-term breastfeeding infants) in the analysis. Meta-analysis of the two combined studies showed that Pacifier use in healthy breastfeeding infants had no significant effect on the proportion of infants exclusively breastfed at three months (risk ratio (RR) 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.06), and at four months of age (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.06) and also had no effect on the proportion of infants partially breastfed at three months (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02), and at 4 months of age (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.03). AUTHORS' CONCLUSION: Pacifier use in healthy term breastfeeding infants, started from birth or after lactation is established, did not significantly affect the prevalence or duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding up to four months of age. However, evidence to assess the short-term breastfeeding difficulties faced by mothers and long-term effect of Pacifiers on infants' health is lacking.
Karin Michèle Schmid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The effect of Pacifier sucking on orofacial structures: a systematic literature review
Progress in Orthodontics, 2018Co-Authors: Karin Michèle Schmid, Remo Kugler, Prasad Nalabothu, Carles Bosch, Carlalberta VernaAbstract:Background Non-nutritive sucking habits may adversely affect the orofacial complex. This systematic literature review aimed to find scientific evidence on the effect of Pacifier sucking on orofacial structures. Methods A search on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science databases was conducted to find all pertinent articles published from inception until February 2018, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the risk of bias judgements in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I). Results Among the 2288 articles found, 17 articles met the selection criteria: seven prospective cohort studies, nine cross-sectional studies, and one randomized clinical trial. Using ROBINS-I, 12 studies were evaluated to have a serious overall risk of bias and five, a moderate one. These studies claimed a strong association between a Pacifier sucking habit and the presence of an anterior open bite and posterior crossbite. Functional/orthodontic Pacifiers were shown to cause significantly less open bites than the conventional ones. Conclusions High level of evidence of the effect of sucking habits on orofacial structures is missing. The available studies show severe or moderate risk of bias; hence, the findings in the literature need to be very carefully evaluated. There is moderate evidence that the use of Pacifier is associated with anterior open bite and posterior crossbite, thus affecting the harmonious development of orofacial structures. Functional/orthodontic Pacifiers reduce the prevalence of open bite when compared to the conventional ones, but evidence is needed concerning the effects on posterior crossbite. Well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to further analyze the effects of functional/orthodontic and conventional Pacifiers on orofacial structures.
-
the effect of Pacifier sucking on orofacial structures a systematic literature review
Progress in Orthodontics, 2018Co-Authors: Karin Michèle Schmid, Remo Kugler, Prasad Nalabothu, Carles Bosch, Carlalberta VernaAbstract:Non-nutritive sucking habits may adversely affect the orofacial complex. This systematic literature review aimed to find scientific evidence on the effect of Pacifier sucking on orofacial structures. A search on MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science databases was conducted to find all pertinent articles published from inception until February 2018, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the risk of bias judgements in non-randomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I). Among the 2288 articles found, 17 articles met the selection criteria: seven prospective cohort studies, nine cross-sectional studies, and one randomized clinical trial. Using ROBINS-I, 12 studies were evaluated to have a serious overall risk of bias and five, a moderate one. These studies claimed a strong association between a Pacifier sucking habit and the presence of an anterior open bite and posterior crossbite. Functional/orthodontic Pacifiers were shown to cause significantly less open bites than the conventional ones. High level of evidence of the effect of sucking habits on orofacial structures is missing. The available studies show severe or moderate risk of bias; hence, the findings in the literature need to be very carefully evaluated. There is moderate evidence that the use of Pacifier is associated with anterior open bite and posterior crossbite, thus affecting the harmonious development of orofacial structures. Functional/orthodontic Pacifiers reduce the prevalence of open bite when compared to the conventional ones, but evidence is needed concerning the effects on posterior crossbite. Well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to further analyze the effects of functional/orthodontic and conventional Pacifiers on orofacial structures.
Shayesteh Jahanfar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effect of restricted Pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016Co-Authors: Sharifah Halimah Jaafar, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Mubashir AngolkarAbstract:Background To successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for a longer duration, the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommends total avoidance of artificial teats or Pacifiers for breastfeeding infants. Concerns have been raised that offering the Pacifier instead of the breast to calm the infant may lead to less frequent episodes of breastfeeding and as a consequence may reduce breast-milk production and shorten duration of breastfeeding. Objectives To assess the effect of restricted versus unrestricted Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed, on the duration of breastfeeding, other breastfeeding outcomes and infant health. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (30 June 2016) and reference lists of retrieved studies. Selection criteria Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing restricted versus unrestricted Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns who have initiated breastfeeding. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion and risk of bias, extracted data and checked them for accuracy. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Main results We found three trials (involving 1915 babies) for inclusion in the review, but have included only two trials (involving 1302 healthy full-term breastfeeding infants) in the analysis. Meta-analysis of the two combined studies showed that Pacifier use in healthy breastfeeding infants had no significant effect on the proportion of infants exclusively breastfed at three months (risk ratio (RR) 1.01; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96 to 1.07, two studies, 1228 infants), and at four months of age (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.09, one study, 970 infants, moderate-quality evidence), and also had no effect on the proportion of infants partially breastfed at three months (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.02, two studies, 1228 infants), and at four months of age (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02, one study, 970 infants). None of the included trials reported data on the other primary outcomes, i.e. duration of partial or exclusive breastfeeding, or secondary outcomes: breastfeeding difficulties (mastitis, cracked nipples, breast engorgement); infant's health (dental malocclusion, otitis media, oral candidiasis; sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)); maternal satisfaction and level of confidence in parenting. One study reported that avoidance of Pacifiers had no effect on cry/fuss behavior at ages four, six, or nine weeks and also reported no effect on the risk of weaning before age three months, however the data were incomplete and so could not be included for analysis. Authors' conclusions Pacifier use in healthy term breastfeeding infants, started from birth or after lactation is established, did not significantly affect the prevalence or duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding up to four months of age. Evidence to assess the short-term breastfeeding difficulties faced by mothers and long-term effect of Pacifiers on infants' health is lacking.
-
Cochrane Review: Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding
Evidence-Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal, 2012Co-Authors: Sharifah Halimah Jaafar, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Mubashir AngolkarAbstract:Background To successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for a longer duration, the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommends total avoidance of artificial teats or Pacifiers for breastfeeding infants. Offering the Pacifier instead of the breast to calm the infant may lead to less frequent episodes of breastfeeding and as a consequence may reduce breast milk production and shorten duration of breastfeeding; however, this remains unclear. Objectives To assess the effect of Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed, on the duration of breastfeeding, other breastfeeding outcomes and infant health. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 December 2010). Selection criteria Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns who have initiated breastfeeding regardless of whether they were born at home or in the hospital. Data collection and analysis Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and carried out data extraction. Main results We found three trials (involving 1915 babies) for inclusion in the review but have included only two trials (involving 1302 healthy full-term breastfeeding infants) in the analysis. Meta-analysis of the two combined studies showed that Pacifier use in healthy breastfeeding infants had no significant effect on the proportion of infants exclusively breastfed at three months (risk ratio (RR) 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.06), and at four months of age (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.06) and also had no effect on the proportion of infants partially breastfed at three months (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02), and at 4 months of age (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.03). Authors' conclusions Pacifier use in healthy term breastfeeding infants, started from birth or after lactation is established, did not significantly affect the prevalence or duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding up to four months of age. However, evidence to assess the short-term breastfeeding difficulties faced by mothers and long-term effect of Pacifiers on infants' health is lacking. Plain Language Summary Effect of Pacifier use on duration of breastfeeding in full-term infants Breast milk is superior to other baby foods in providing balanced nutrition and protection against allergy and infection to newborns. Breastfeeding is recommended by the World Health Organization, exclusively in the first six months and then as a dietary supplement. Breastmilk production and supply are maintained by frequent suckling of the breast and nipple stimulation. A Pacifier is a non-nutritive sucking device used to calm an infant that has become a cultural norm in many parts of the world. However there is a widespread belief that Pacifiers may interfere with breast milk production and lead to discontinuation of breastfeeding. Our review concluded that for mothers who are motivated to breastfeed their infants, Pacifier use before or after breastfeeding was established did not significantly affect the prevalence or duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding up to four months of age. The review provided moderate evidence from three randomised controlled trials (involving 1915 babies) comparing Pacifier use and no Pacifier use by healthy, full-term breastfeeding infants; two of the trials (1302 babies) were included in the analysis. However, there is a widespread belief that Pacifiers may interfere with breast milk production and lead to discontinuation of breastfeeding.
-
The Cochrane Library - Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2011Co-Authors: Sharifah Halimah Jaafar, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Mubashir AngolkarAbstract:Background To successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for a longer duration, the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommends total avoidance of artificial teats or Pacifiers for breastfeeding infants. Offering the Pacifier instead of the breast to calm the infant may lead to less frequent episodes of breastfeeding and as a consequence may reduce breast milk production and shorten duration of breastfeeding; however, this remains unclear. Objectives To assess the effect of Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed, on the duration of breastfeeding, other breastfeeding outcomes and infant health. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 December 2010). Selection criteria Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns who have initiated breastfeeding regardless of whether they were born at home or in the hospital. Data collection and analysis Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and carried out data extraction. Main results We found three trials (involving 1915 babies) for inclusion in the review but have included only two trials (involving 1302 healthy full-term breastfeeding infants) in the analysis. Meta-analysis of the two combined studies showed that Pacifier use in healthy breastfeeding infants had no significant effect on the proportion of infants exclusively breastfed at three months (risk ratio (RR) 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.06), and at four months of age (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.06) and also had no effect on the proportion of infants partially breastfed at three months (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02), and at 4 months of age (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.03). Authors' conclusions Pacifier use in healthy term breastfeeding infants, started from birth or after lactation is established, did not significantly affect the prevalence or duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding up to four months of age. However, evidence to assess the short-term breastfeeding difficulties faced by mothers and long-term effect of Pacifiers on infants' health is lacking.
-
Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2011Co-Authors: Sharifah Halimah Jaafar, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Mubashir AngolkarAbstract:Background To successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for a longer duration, the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommends total avoidance of artificial teats or Pacifiers for breastfeeding infants. Offering the Pacifier instead of the breast to calm the infant may lead to less frequent episodes of breastfeeding and as a consequence may reduce breast milk production and shorten duration of breastfeeding; however, this remains unclear. Objectives To assess the effect of Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed, on the duration of breastfeeding, other breastfeeding outcomes and infant health. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 December 2010). Selection criteria Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns who have initiated breastfeeding regardless of whether they were born at home or in the hospital. Data collection and analysis Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and carried out data extraction. Main results We found three trials (involving 1915 babies) for inclusion in the review but have included only two trials (involving 1302 healthy full-term breastfeeding infants) in the analysis. Meta-analysis of the two combined studies showed that Pacifier use in healthy breastfeeding infants had no significant effect on the proportion of infants exclusively breastfed at three months (risk ratio (RR) 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.06), and at four months of age (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.06) and also had no effect on the proportion of infants partially breastfed at three months (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02), and at 4 months of age (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.03). Authors' conclusions Pacifier use in healthy term breastfeeding infants, started from birth or after lactation is established, did not significantly affect the prevalence or duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding up to four months of age. However, evidence to assess the short-term breastfeeding difficulties faced by mothers and long-term effect of Pacifiers on infants' health is lacking.
-
Pacifier Use Compared With No Pacifier Use in Breastfeeding Term Infants for Increasing Duration of Breastfeeding
Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2011Co-Authors: Sharifah Halimah Jaafar, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Mubashir AngolkarAbstract:BACKGROUND: To successfully initiate and maintain breastfeeding for a longer duration, the World Health Organization's Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding recommends total avoidance of artificial teats or Pacifiers for breastfeeding infants. Offering the Pacifier instead of the breast to calm the infant may lead to less frequent episodes of breastfeeding and as a consequence may reduce breast milk production and shorten duration of breastfeeding; however, this remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns whose mothers have initiated breastfeeding and intend to exclusively breastfeed, on the duration of breastfeeding, other breastfeeding outcomes and infant health. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 December 2010). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing Pacifier use versus no Pacifier use in healthy full-term newborns who have initiated breastfeeding regardless of whether they were born at home or in the hospital. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion, assessed risk of bias and carried out data extraction. MAIN RESULTS: We found three trials (involving 1915 babies) for inclusion in the review but have included only two trials (involving 1302 healthy full-term breastfeeding infants) in the analysis. Meta-analysis of the two combined studies showed that Pacifier use in healthy breastfeeding infants had no significant effect on the proportion of infants exclusively breastfed at three months (risk ratio (RR) 1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.06), and at four months of age (RR 0.99; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.06) and also had no effect on the proportion of infants partially breastfed at three months (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02), and at 4 months of age (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.03). AUTHORS' CONCLUSION: Pacifier use in healthy term breastfeeding infants, started from birth or after lactation is established, did not significantly affect the prevalence or duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding up to four months of age. However, evidence to assess the short-term breastfeeding difficulties faced by mothers and long-term effect of Pacifiers on infants' health is lacking.