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Eric Dumont - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Performance evaluation of a slow-release Packing Material-embedded functional microorganisms for biofiltration
Environmental Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Rencheng Zhu, Eric DumontAbstract:A composite Packing Material (CM-5) was prepared in this study, mainly consisting of compost with functional microorganisms, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), perlite, cement and plant fiber. To get stronger compressive strength, mass ratios of these components were optimized based on single factor experiments, and finally adding amounts of perlite, cement, plant fiber, CaCO3, compost and binder at 18%, 18%, 7%, 13%, 17% and 27%, respectively. According to the optimum proportion, CM-5 was extruded in cylindrical shape (12 mm in diameter and 20 mm in length) with a bulk density of 470 kg m−3, a moisture retention capacity of 49% and the microbial counts of × 105 CFU g−1 of Packing Material. The cumulative release rates of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) from CM-5 were 3.1% and 6.5%, respectively, after 19 times extraction in distilled water. To evaluate the H2S removal capacity, CM-5 was compared with an organic (corncob) and an inorganic (ceramsite) Packing Material in three biofilters. The results showed that CM-5 had higher H2S removal capacity compared with corncob and ceramsite. CM-5 could avoid the large fluctuation of pH value and pressure drop during the operation. The maximum H2S removal capacity of CM-5 was 12.9 g m−3 h−1 and the removal efficiency could maintain over 95.4% when the inlet H2S loading rate was lower than 11.3 g m−3 h−1 without any addition of nutrients and pH buffer substances. Besides, only 2–3 days were needed for the recovery of biofiltration performance after about two weeks of idle period.
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H2S biofiltration using expanded schist as Packing Material: influence of packed bed configurations at constant EBRT
Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2015Co-Authors: Amaury Courtois, Yves Andres, Eric DumontAbstract:BACKGROUNDH(2)S biofiltration was carried out using expanded schist as Packing Material completed with a synthetic Material (UP20). A comparison of different hydrodynamic configurations was made based on biofilter performances and pressure drop measurements. Three biofilters (namely BF52, BF102 and BF160) differing in bed height (52 cm, 102 cm and 160 cm, respectively) and diameter (14 cm, 10 cm and 8 cm, respectively) were designed in order to contain the same volume of expanded schist (8 L). RESULTSBiofilters were operated for more than 6 months at a constant flow rate (1.5 Nm(3) h(-1) corresponding to an empty bed residence time of 19 s). Elimination capacities and removal efficiencies were calculated according to loading rates varying from 0 to 57 g m(-3) h(-1) (inlet concentration up to 300 mg m(-3)). Biofilter performances were modeled and biokinetic constants were calculated using the Ottengraf model and a modified Michaelis-Menten model. In terms of elimination capacity, biofilter configurations can be ordered from the most to the least efficient: BF160>BF102>BF52 (maximum removal rates of 36.4, 30.3 and 25.1 g m(-3) h(-1), respectively). CONCLUSIONFrom the Ottengraf model, it was calculated that the specific surface area covered with biofilm, relative to BF52, was 21% and 45% higher for BF102 and BF160, respectively. (c) 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
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steady and transient state h2s biofiltration using expanded schist as Packing Material
New Biotechnology, 2013Co-Authors: A Romero C Hernandez, M Rodriguez S Susa, Yves Andres, Eric DumontAbstract:The performances of three laboratory-scale biofilters (BF1, BF2, BF3) packed with expanded schist for H 2 S removal were studied at different empty bed residence times (EBRT = 35, 24 and 16 s) in terms of elimination capacity (EC) and removal efficiency (RE). BF1 and BF2 were filled with expanded schist while BF3 was filled with both expanded schist and a nutritional Material (UP20; 12% vol). BF1 and BF3 were inoculated with activated sludge, whereas BF2 was not inoculated. A maximum EC of 42 g m −3 h −1 was recorded for BF3 at EBRT = 35 s demonstrating the ability of schist to treat high H 2 S loading rates, and the ability of UP20 to improve H 2 S removal. Michaelis–Menten and Haldane models were fitted to the experimental elimination capacities while biofilter responses to transient-state conditions in terms of removal efficiency during shock load events were also evaluated for BF1 and BF3.
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Biofiltration using peat and a nutritional synthetic Packing Material: influence of the Packing configuration on H2S removal
Environmental Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Eric Dumont, Pierre Le Cloirec, Flavia Da Silva Cabral, Yves AndresAbstract:This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using a nutritional synthetic Material (UP20) combined with fibrous peat as a Packing Material in treating H2S (up to 280ppmv). Three identical laboratory-scale biofilters with different Packing Material configurations (peat only; peat+UP20 in a mixture; peat+UP20 in two layers) were used to determine the biofilter performances. The superficial velocity of the polluted gas on each biofilter was 65m/h (gas flow rate 0.5Nm(3)/h) corresponding to an empty bed residence time=57 s. Variations in elimination capacity, removal efficiency, temperature and pH were tracked during 111 d. A removal efficiency of 100% was obtained for loading rates up to 6g/m(3)/h for the biofilter filled with 100% peat, and up to 10g/m(3)/h for both biofilters using peat complemented with UP20. For higher loading rates (up to 25.5g/m(3)/h), the configuration of peat-UP20 in a mixture provided the best removal efficiencies (around 80% compared to 65% for the configuration of peat-UP20 in two layers and 60% for peat only). Microbial characterization highlighted that peat is able to provide sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. Through kinetic analysis (Ottengraf and Michaelis-Menten models were applied), it appeared that the configuration peat-UP20 in two layers (80/20 v/v) did not show significant improvement compared with peat alone. Although the configuration of peat-UP20 in a mixture (80/20 v/v) offered a real advantage in improving H2S treatment, it was shown that this benefit was related to the bed configuration rather than the nutritional properties of UP20.
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h2s biofiltration using expanded schist as Packing Material performance evaluation and packed bed tortuosity assessment
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2012Co-Authors: Eric Dumont, M Rodriguez S Susa, L Ayala M Guzman, Yves AndresAbstract:BACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to test an innovative Packing Material (expanded schist) for H2S biofiltration in order to determine the Packing Material performance in terms of elimination capacity, removal efficiency and pressure drop changes.Additionally,thechangesovertimeofbedcharacteristics,especiallytortuosity,wereevaluatedaccordingtoporosity measurements. RESULTS:SchistMaterialcantreatlargeloadingrates(upto30 g.m −3 .h −1 )with100%efficiencyatanemptybedresidencetime (EBRT) of 16 s, which is much better than most results reported in the literature. The porosity of the packed bed is around 40% (tortuosity estimated to range from 1.5 to 2.0) which leads to pressure drop measurements in the range of 10‐80 Pa m −1 . CONCLUSION: Schist is a good Material for H2S biofiltration in terms of mechanical stability, removal efficiency and effective treatment of high H2S loading rates. Schist is a Material that provides the appropriate environment for micro-organisms by itself. This trend should be confirmed over a long period. c � 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Francois Gaudin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of a new Packing Material for h2s removed by biofiltration
Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Eric Dumont, Yves Andres, Le P Cloirec, Francois GaudinAbstract:Abstract This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using a new Packing Material (UP20) in treating H2S. Three identical laboratory-scale biofilters, filled with, respectively, UP20 alone, pine bark, and a configuration made of two layers of pozzolan/UP20 (80/20, v/v), were used for critical comparison. Various concentrations of H2S (up to 100 ppmv) were used to determine the optimum biofilter performances. The superficial velocity of the polluted gas on each biofilter was 65 m h−1 (0.018 m s−1; gas flow rate 0.5 N m3 h−1) corresponding to an empty bed residence time of 57 s. Changes in elimination capacity, removal efficiency, moisture content, temperature and pH were tracked during 95 days. The pressure drops along each biofilter were also measured by varying the gas flow rate from 0.5 to 4 N m3 h−1. After 63 days of operation, the loading rate was significantly increased to 10 g m−3 h−1 and the UP20 biofilter retained a removal efficiency of more than 93%, indicating a strong ability to stimulate microbial activity (compared to 69% for the pine bark biofilter and 74% for the biofilter filled with a configuration of two layers of pozzolan/UP20). A Michaelis–Menten type equation was applied and the maximum removal rate (Vm) and saturation constant (Ks) were calculated. Vm was evaluated at 35 g H 2 S m biofilter − 3 h − 1 for UP20 (14 and 15 g H 2 S m biofilter − 3 h − 1 for pine bark and pozzolan/UP20, respectively). The saturation constant Ks was 70 ppmv for UP20 (18 ppmv for pine bark and 20 ppmv for pozzolan/UP20) indicating that the new Packing Material will be effective in treating large pollutant concentrations. At low concentrations of pollutant, the results suggest that a biofilter with a configuration of two layers of pozzolan/UP20 is the most suitable choice for treating H2S.
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Packing Material formulation for odorous emission biofiltration
Chemosphere, 2008Co-Authors: Francois Gaudin, Yves Andres, Pierre Le CloirecAbstract:Abstract In biological gas treatment, like biofiltration of volatile organic compounds or odorous substances, the microbial nutritional needs could be a key factor of the process. The aim of this work is to propose a new Packing Material able to provide the lacking nutrients. In the first part of this study, two kinds of Material composed of calcium carbonate, an organic binder and two different nitrogen sources, ammonium phosphate and urea phosphate (UP), were compared. The new supports present bulk densities between 0.88 and 1.15 g cm −3 , moisture retention capacities close to 50% and 70%, and water cohesion capacities greater than six months for the Material with 20% binder. In the second part, oxygen consumption measurements in liquid experiments show that these Packing Materials could enhance bacterial growth compared to pine bark or pozzolan and have no inhibitory effect. The biodegradation of different substrates (sodium sulfide and ammonia) and the support colonization by the biomass were evaluated. Finally, UP 20 was chosen and tested in a hydrogen sulfide or ammoniac biofiltration process. This showed that, for H 2 S concentrations greater than 100 mg m −3 , UP 20 has a real advantage over pine bark or pozzolan.
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Packing Material formulation for odorous emission biofiltration
Chemosphere, 2008Co-Authors: Francois Gaudin, Yves Andres, Pierre Le CloirecAbstract:In biological gas treatment, like biofiltration of volatile organic compounds or odorous substances, the microbial nutritional needs could be a key factor of the process. The aim of this work is to propose a new Packing Material able to provide the lacking nutrients. In the first part of this study, two kinds of Material composed of calcium carbonate, an organic binder and two different nitrogen sources, 3 ammonium phosphate and urea phosphate (UP), were compared. The new supports present bulk densities between 0.88 and 1.15 g cm(-3) moisture retention capacities close to 50% and 70%, and water cohesion capacities greater than six months for the Material with 20% binder. In the second part, oxygen consumption measurements in liquid experiments show that these Packing Materials could enhance bacterial growth compared to pine bark or pozzolan and have no inhibitory effect. The biodegradation of different substrates (sodium sulfide and ammonia) and the support colonization by the biomass were evaluated. Finally, UP 20 was chosen and tested in a hydrogen sulfide or ammoniac biofiltration process. This showed that, for H2S concentrations greater than 100 mg m(-3), UP 20 has a real advantage over pine bark or pozzolan. (C) 2067 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Evaluation of a new Packing Material for H2S removed by biofiltration
Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Eric Dumont, Yves Andres, Pierre Le Cloirec, Francois GaudinAbstract:This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using a new Packing Material (UP20) in treating H2S. Three identical laboratory-scale biofilters, filled with, respectively, UP20 alone, pine bark, and a configuration made of two layers of pozzolan/UP20 (80/20, v/v), were used for critical comparison. Various concentrations of H2S (up to 100 ppmv) were used to determine the optimum biofilter performances. The superficial velocity of the polluted gas on each biofilter was 65 m h(-1) (0.018 m s(-1); gas flow rate 0.5 N m(3) h(-1)) corresponding to an empty bed residence time of 57s. Changes in elimination capacity, removal efficiency, moisture content, temperature and pH were tracked during 95 days. The pressure drops along each biofilter were also measured by varying the gas flow rate from 0.5 to 4N m(3) h(-1). After 63 days of operation, the loading rate was significantly increased to 10 g m(-3) h(-1) and the UP20 biofilter retained a removal efficiency of more than 93%, indicating a strong ability to stimulate microbial activity (compared to 69% for the pine bark biofilter and 74% for the biofilter filled with a configuration of two layers of pozzolan/UP20). A Michaelis-Menten type equation was applied and the maximum removal rate (V-m) and saturation constant stant (K-s) were calculated. V-m was evaluated at 35g H2S m(biofilter)(-3) h(-1) for UP20 (14 and 15g H2S m(biofilter)(-3) h(-1) for pine bark and pozzolan/UP20, respectively). The saturation constant K-s was 70 ppmv for UP20 (18 ppmv for pine bark and 20 ppmv for pozzolan/UP20) indicating that the new Packing Material will be effective in treating large pollutant concentrations. At low concentrations of pollutant, the results suggest that a biofilter with a configuration of two layers of pozzolan/UP20 is the most suitable choice for treating H2S. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Yves Andres - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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H2S biofiltration using expanded schist as Packing Material: influence of packed bed configurations at constant EBRT
Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2015Co-Authors: Amaury Courtois, Yves Andres, Eric DumontAbstract:BACKGROUNDH(2)S biofiltration was carried out using expanded schist as Packing Material completed with a synthetic Material (UP20). A comparison of different hydrodynamic configurations was made based on biofilter performances and pressure drop measurements. Three biofilters (namely BF52, BF102 and BF160) differing in bed height (52 cm, 102 cm and 160 cm, respectively) and diameter (14 cm, 10 cm and 8 cm, respectively) were designed in order to contain the same volume of expanded schist (8 L). RESULTSBiofilters were operated for more than 6 months at a constant flow rate (1.5 Nm(3) h(-1) corresponding to an empty bed residence time of 19 s). Elimination capacities and removal efficiencies were calculated according to loading rates varying from 0 to 57 g m(-3) h(-1) (inlet concentration up to 300 mg m(-3)). Biofilter performances were modeled and biokinetic constants were calculated using the Ottengraf model and a modified Michaelis-Menten model. In terms of elimination capacity, biofilter configurations can be ordered from the most to the least efficient: BF160>BF102>BF52 (maximum removal rates of 36.4, 30.3 and 25.1 g m(-3) h(-1), respectively). CONCLUSIONFrom the Ottengraf model, it was calculated that the specific surface area covered with biofilm, relative to BF52, was 21% and 45% higher for BF102 and BF160, respectively. (c) 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
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steady and transient state h2s biofiltration using expanded schist as Packing Material
New Biotechnology, 2013Co-Authors: A Romero C Hernandez, M Rodriguez S Susa, Yves Andres, Eric DumontAbstract:The performances of three laboratory-scale biofilters (BF1, BF2, BF3) packed with expanded schist for H 2 S removal were studied at different empty bed residence times (EBRT = 35, 24 and 16 s) in terms of elimination capacity (EC) and removal efficiency (RE). BF1 and BF2 were filled with expanded schist while BF3 was filled with both expanded schist and a nutritional Material (UP20; 12% vol). BF1 and BF3 were inoculated with activated sludge, whereas BF2 was not inoculated. A maximum EC of 42 g m −3 h −1 was recorded for BF3 at EBRT = 35 s demonstrating the ability of schist to treat high H 2 S loading rates, and the ability of UP20 to improve H 2 S removal. Michaelis–Menten and Haldane models were fitted to the experimental elimination capacities while biofilter responses to transient-state conditions in terms of removal efficiency during shock load events were also evaluated for BF1 and BF3.
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Biofiltration using peat and a nutritional synthetic Packing Material: influence of the Packing configuration on H2S removal
Environmental Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Eric Dumont, Pierre Le Cloirec, Flavia Da Silva Cabral, Yves AndresAbstract:This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using a nutritional synthetic Material (UP20) combined with fibrous peat as a Packing Material in treating H2S (up to 280ppmv). Three identical laboratory-scale biofilters with different Packing Material configurations (peat only; peat+UP20 in a mixture; peat+UP20 in two layers) were used to determine the biofilter performances. The superficial velocity of the polluted gas on each biofilter was 65m/h (gas flow rate 0.5Nm(3)/h) corresponding to an empty bed residence time=57 s. Variations in elimination capacity, removal efficiency, temperature and pH were tracked during 111 d. A removal efficiency of 100% was obtained for loading rates up to 6g/m(3)/h for the biofilter filled with 100% peat, and up to 10g/m(3)/h for both biofilters using peat complemented with UP20. For higher loading rates (up to 25.5g/m(3)/h), the configuration of peat-UP20 in a mixture provided the best removal efficiencies (around 80% compared to 65% for the configuration of peat-UP20 in two layers and 60% for peat only). Microbial characterization highlighted that peat is able to provide sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. Through kinetic analysis (Ottengraf and Michaelis-Menten models were applied), it appeared that the configuration peat-UP20 in two layers (80/20 v/v) did not show significant improvement compared with peat alone. Although the configuration of peat-UP20 in a mixture (80/20 v/v) offered a real advantage in improving H2S treatment, it was shown that this benefit was related to the bed configuration rather than the nutritional properties of UP20.
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h2s biofiltration using expanded schist as Packing Material performance evaluation and packed bed tortuosity assessment
Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2012Co-Authors: Eric Dumont, M Rodriguez S Susa, L Ayala M Guzman, Yves AndresAbstract:BACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to test an innovative Packing Material (expanded schist) for H2S biofiltration in order to determine the Packing Material performance in terms of elimination capacity, removal efficiency and pressure drop changes.Additionally,thechangesovertimeofbedcharacteristics,especiallytortuosity,wereevaluatedaccordingtoporosity measurements. RESULTS:SchistMaterialcantreatlargeloadingrates(upto30 g.m −3 .h −1 )with100%efficiencyatanemptybedresidencetime (EBRT) of 16 s, which is much better than most results reported in the literature. The porosity of the packed bed is around 40% (tortuosity estimated to range from 1.5 to 2.0) which leads to pressure drop measurements in the range of 10‐80 Pa m −1 . CONCLUSION: Schist is a good Material for H2S biofiltration in terms of mechanical stability, removal efficiency and effective treatment of high H2S loading rates. Schist is a Material that provides the appropriate environment for micro-organisms by itself. This trend should be confirmed over a long period. c � 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
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evaluation of a new Packing Material for h2s removed by biofiltration
Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2008Co-Authors: Eric Dumont, Yves Andres, Le P Cloirec, Francois GaudinAbstract:Abstract This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using a new Packing Material (UP20) in treating H2S. Three identical laboratory-scale biofilters, filled with, respectively, UP20 alone, pine bark, and a configuration made of two layers of pozzolan/UP20 (80/20, v/v), were used for critical comparison. Various concentrations of H2S (up to 100 ppmv) were used to determine the optimum biofilter performances. The superficial velocity of the polluted gas on each biofilter was 65 m h−1 (0.018 m s−1; gas flow rate 0.5 N m3 h−1) corresponding to an empty bed residence time of 57 s. Changes in elimination capacity, removal efficiency, moisture content, temperature and pH were tracked during 95 days. The pressure drops along each biofilter were also measured by varying the gas flow rate from 0.5 to 4 N m3 h−1. After 63 days of operation, the loading rate was significantly increased to 10 g m−3 h−1 and the UP20 biofilter retained a removal efficiency of more than 93%, indicating a strong ability to stimulate microbial activity (compared to 69% for the pine bark biofilter and 74% for the biofilter filled with a configuration of two layers of pozzolan/UP20). A Michaelis–Menten type equation was applied and the maximum removal rate (Vm) and saturation constant (Ks) were calculated. Vm was evaluated at 35 g H 2 S m biofilter − 3 h − 1 for UP20 (14 and 15 g H 2 S m biofilter − 3 h − 1 for pine bark and pozzolan/UP20, respectively). The saturation constant Ks was 70 ppmv for UP20 (18 ppmv for pine bark and 20 ppmv for pozzolan/UP20) indicating that the new Packing Material will be effective in treating large pollutant concentrations. At low concentrations of pollutant, the results suggest that a biofilter with a configuration of two layers of pozzolan/UP20 is the most suitable choice for treating H2S.
Krishna M Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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investigation of heat transfer and friction characteristics of packed bed solar air heater using wire mesh as Packing Material
Solar Energy, 2009Co-Authors: S B Prasad, J S Saini, Krishna M SinghAbstract:Abstract An experimental investigation has been carried out on a packed bed solar air heater using wire mesh as Packing Material. Data pertaining to heat transfer and friction characteristics were collected for air flow rates ranging from 0.0159 to 0.0347 kg/s-m 2 for eight sets of matrices with varying geometrical parameters. The thermal efficiency of a packed bed solar air heater was compared with that of a conventional solar air heater to determine the enhancement which was found to be strong function of system and operating parameters of the bed. It was found that an enhancement of the order of 76.9–89.5% can be obtained. Experimental data were utilised to develop correlations for Colburn J h factor and friction factor as function of geometrical parameters of the bed and the flow Reynolds number. These correlations were found to predict the experimental results with reasonable accuracy. It has also been found that the present correlations show much better agreement as compared to the values predicted by earlier correlations for such systems.
Wolfgang Buchberger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lonene-coated sulfonated silica as a Packing Material in the packed-capillary mode of electrochromatography.
Journal of chromatography. A, 2001Co-Authors: Andrey V. Pirogov, Wolfgang BuchbergerAbstract:An aliphatic ionene (2-10-ionene) has been selected as a modifier to prepare a novel polymer-coated Packing Material for capillary electrochromatography. The Packing Material was produced by dynamical modification of a commercially available sulfonated silica Exsil-100 SCX. Strong ion-exchange interactions in the capillary packed with ionene-modified sulfonated silica have been demonstrated by the example of the retention of p-aminobenzoic acid. The total calculated anion-exchange capacity of the sorbent in the capillary was about 4 x 10(-9) mol. A fast separation (about 15 min) of several aromatic acids was achieved with the Packing Material. The highest number of theoretical plates obtained was about 120,000. Limits of detection of the aromatic acids were 2-5 microg/ml. The advantages and lacks of the approach are discussed briefly.
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Ionene-coated sulfonated silica as a Packing Material in the packed-capillary mode of electrochromatography
Journal of Chromatography A, 2001Co-Authors: Andrey V. Pirogov, Wolfgang BuchbergerAbstract:Abstract An aliphatic ionene (2–10-ionene) has been selected as a modifier to prepare a novel polymer-coated Packing Material for capillary electrochromatography. The Packing Material was produced by dynamical modification of a commercially available sulfonated silica Exsil-100 SCX. Strong ion-exchange interactions in the capillary packed with ionene-modified sulfonated silica have been demonstrated by the example of the retention of p-aminobenzoic acid. The total calculated anion-exchange capacity of the sorbent in the capillary was about 4·10−9 mol. A fast separation (about 15 min) of several aromatic acids was achieved with the Packing Material. The highest number of theoretical plates obtained was about 120 000. Limits of detection of the aromatic acids were 2–5 μg/ml. The advantages and lacks of the approach are discussed briefly.
