The Experts below are selected from a list of 297 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Steven C Pennings - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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latitudinal variation in Palatability of salt marsh plants are differences constitutive
Ecology, 2005Co-Authors: Cristiano S Salgado, Steven C PenningsAbstract:Biogeographic theory argues that consumer–prey interactions are more intense, and prey defenses better developed, at lower latitudes. Along the Atlantic Coast of the United States, low-latitude salt marsh plants are less palatable than high-latitude conspecifics. To test the hypothesis that latitudinal variation in Palatability would occur in the absence of geographically different environmental cues (i.e., that differences in Palatability are constitutive rather than induced by climate or herbivore damage), we grew high- and low-latitude individuals of three species of salt marsh plants from seeds (Solidago sempervirens) or rhizome cuttings (Distichlis spicata and Spartina alterniflora) in a common-garden greenhouse environment, and compared their Palatability to herbivores over time. We also quantified leaf toughness and nitrogen content over time in order to help explain results of feeding assays. High-latitude plants were always more palatable to herbivores than low-latitude conspecifics. Latitudinal ...
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latitudinal variation in Palatability of salt marsh plants which traits are responsible
Ecology, 2002Co-Authors: Erin L Siska, Steven C Pennings, Tracy L Buck, Dennis M HanisakAbstract:Biogeographic theory predicts that intense consumer-prey interactions at low latitudes should select for increased defenses of prey relative to high latitudes. In salt marshes on the Atlantic coast of the United States, a community-wide pattern exists in which 10 species of low-latitude plants are less palatable to a diverse suite of herbivores than are high-latitude conspecifics. Examination of proximate plant traits (toughness, pal- atability of polar and nonpolar extracts, nitrogen content) of high- and low-latitude con- specifics of nine plant species suggested that all these proximate traits had the potential to contribute to latitudinal differences in Palatability of some plant species. Southern plants were tougher than northern plants (five species), had less palatable polar extracts (four species), and had lower N content (six species). Experimental evidence linking traits to latitudinal differences in Palatability was strongest for polar extracts and lacking for N content. For one plant species, none of the traits we studied correlated with latitudinal variation in Palatability. Because Palatability differences may change when moving from fresh plants to freeze-dried plants to plant traits, studies of latitudinal variation in freeze- dried plants or plant traits are likely to under- or overestimate latitudinal variation in Palatability of fresh plants. This study has begun to identify the proximate plant traits responsible for latitudinal variation in plant Palatability in Atlantic coast salt marshes, but the ultimate evolutionary factors responsible for variation in these traits remain to be determined. Key words: Atlantic coast (USA) salt-marsh plants; biogeographic theory; chemical defense; herbivory; latitude and plant variation; Palatability, affected by multiple plant traits; Palatability, plant variaton across latitude; plant chemical defenses, latitudinal variation; plant-herbivore inter- actions.
Dennis M Hanisak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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latitudinal variation in Palatability of salt marsh plants which traits are responsible
Ecology, 2002Co-Authors: Erin L Siska, Steven C Pennings, Tracy L Buck, Dennis M HanisakAbstract:Biogeographic theory predicts that intense consumer-prey interactions at low latitudes should select for increased defenses of prey relative to high latitudes. In salt marshes on the Atlantic coast of the United States, a community-wide pattern exists in which 10 species of low-latitude plants are less palatable to a diverse suite of herbivores than are high-latitude conspecifics. Examination of proximate plant traits (toughness, pal- atability of polar and nonpolar extracts, nitrogen content) of high- and low-latitude con- specifics of nine plant species suggested that all these proximate traits had the potential to contribute to latitudinal differences in Palatability of some plant species. Southern plants were tougher than northern plants (five species), had less palatable polar extracts (four species), and had lower N content (six species). Experimental evidence linking traits to latitudinal differences in Palatability was strongest for polar extracts and lacking for N content. For one plant species, none of the traits we studied correlated with latitudinal variation in Palatability. Because Palatability differences may change when moving from fresh plants to freeze-dried plants to plant traits, studies of latitudinal variation in freeze- dried plants or plant traits are likely to under- or overestimate latitudinal variation in Palatability of fresh plants. This study has begun to identify the proximate plant traits responsible for latitudinal variation in plant Palatability in Atlantic coast salt marshes, but the ultimate evolutionary factors responsible for variation in these traits remain to be determined. Key words: Atlantic coast (USA) salt-marsh plants; biogeographic theory; chemical defense; herbivory; latitude and plant variation; Palatability, affected by multiple plant traits; Palatability, plant variaton across latitude; plant chemical defenses, latitudinal variation; plant-herbivore inter- actions.
Elisabeth S Bakker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of rising temperature on the growth stoichiometry and Palatability of aquatic plants
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2019Co-Authors: Peiyu Zhang, Bart M C Grutters, Casper H A Van Leeuwen, Jun Xu, Antonella Petruzzella, Rainier F Van Den Berg, Elisabeth S BakkerAbstract:Global warming is expected to strengthen herbivore-plant interactions leading to enhanced top-down control of plants. However, latitudinal gradients in plant quality as food for herbivores suggest lower Palatability at higher temperatures, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. If plant Palatability would decline with temperature rise, then this may question the expectation that warming leads to enhanced top-down control. Therefore, experiments that directly test plant Palatability and the traits underlying Palatability along a temperature gradient are needed. Here we experimentally tested the impact of temperature on aquatic plant growth, plant chemical traits (including stoichiometry) and plant Palatability. We cultured three aquatic plant species at three temperatures (15, 20, and 25 degrees C), measured growth parameters, determined chemical traits and performed feeding trial assays using the generalist consumer Lymnaea stagnalis (pond snail). We found that rising temperature significantly increased the growth of all three aquatic plants. Plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content significantly decreased, and carbon (C):N and C:P stoichiometry increased as temperature increased, for both Potamogeton lucens and Vallisneria spiralis, but not for Elodea nuttallii. By performing the Palatability test, we found that rising temperatures significantly decreased plant Palatability in P lucens, which could be explained by changes in the underlying chemical plant traits. In contrast, the Palatability of E nuttallii and V spiralis was not affected by temperature. Overall. P lucens and V spiralis were always more palatable than E. nuttallii. We conclude that warming generally stimulates aquatic plant growth, whereas the effects on chemical plant traits and plant Palatability are species-specific. These results suggest that the outcome of the impact of temperature rise on macrophyte stoichiometry and Palatability from single-species studies may not be broadly applicable. In contrast, the plant species tested consistently differed in Palatability, regardless of temperature, suggesting that Palatability may be more strongly linked to species identity than to intraspecific variation in plant stoichiometry.
Erin L Siska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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latitudinal variation in Palatability of salt marsh plants which traits are responsible
Ecology, 2002Co-Authors: Erin L Siska, Steven C Pennings, Tracy L Buck, Dennis M HanisakAbstract:Biogeographic theory predicts that intense consumer-prey interactions at low latitudes should select for increased defenses of prey relative to high latitudes. In salt marshes on the Atlantic coast of the United States, a community-wide pattern exists in which 10 species of low-latitude plants are less palatable to a diverse suite of herbivores than are high-latitude conspecifics. Examination of proximate plant traits (toughness, pal- atability of polar and nonpolar extracts, nitrogen content) of high- and low-latitude con- specifics of nine plant species suggested that all these proximate traits had the potential to contribute to latitudinal differences in Palatability of some plant species. Southern plants were tougher than northern plants (five species), had less palatable polar extracts (four species), and had lower N content (six species). Experimental evidence linking traits to latitudinal differences in Palatability was strongest for polar extracts and lacking for N content. For one plant species, none of the traits we studied correlated with latitudinal variation in Palatability. Because Palatability differences may change when moving from fresh plants to freeze-dried plants to plant traits, studies of latitudinal variation in freeze- dried plants or plant traits are likely to under- or overestimate latitudinal variation in Palatability of fresh plants. This study has begun to identify the proximate plant traits responsible for latitudinal variation in plant Palatability in Atlantic coast salt marshes, but the ultimate evolutionary factors responsible for variation in these traits remain to be determined. Key words: Atlantic coast (USA) salt-marsh plants; biogeographic theory; chemical defense; herbivory; latitude and plant variation; Palatability, affected by multiple plant traits; Palatability, plant variaton across latitude; plant chemical defenses, latitudinal variation; plant-herbivore inter- actions.
Cristiano S Salgado - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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latitudinal variation in Palatability of salt marsh plants are differences constitutive
Ecology, 2005Co-Authors: Cristiano S Salgado, Steven C PenningsAbstract:Biogeographic theory argues that consumer–prey interactions are more intense, and prey defenses better developed, at lower latitudes. Along the Atlantic Coast of the United States, low-latitude salt marsh plants are less palatable than high-latitude conspecifics. To test the hypothesis that latitudinal variation in Palatability would occur in the absence of geographically different environmental cues (i.e., that differences in Palatability are constitutive rather than induced by climate or herbivore damage), we grew high- and low-latitude individuals of three species of salt marsh plants from seeds (Solidago sempervirens) or rhizome cuttings (Distichlis spicata and Spartina alterniflora) in a common-garden greenhouse environment, and compared their Palatability to herbivores over time. We also quantified leaf toughness and nitrogen content over time in order to help explain results of feeding assays. High-latitude plants were always more palatable to herbivores than low-latitude conspecifics. Latitudinal ...
