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Gumpon Prateepchaikul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimization of high free fatty acid reduction in mixed crude Palm Oils using circulation process through static mixer reactor and pilot scale of two step process
Energy Conversion and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Krit Somnuk, Suhdee Niseng, Gumpon PrateepchaikulAbstract:Abstract High free fatty acid (FFA) reduction in mixed crude Palm oil (MCPO) was performed with methanol (MeOH) and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) as acid catalyst using the circulation process through static mixer reactor. In this study, the response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to optimize the acid value in esterified oil after esterification process (first-step) in lab-scale. The results showed that acid value was reduced from 30 mgKOH g −1 to 2 mgKOH g −1 , when 19.8 vol.% MeOH, 2.0 vol.% H 2 SO 4 , reaction temperature 60 °C, 40 L h −1 of MCPO, 50 min reaction time, and 5-m of static mixer in length, were used in the lab-scale. This recommended condition was used to develop the pilot-scale process in which the scaling up of the FFA reduction from 5 L MCPO of lab-scale to 60 L MCPO of pilot-scale, which was designed on the basis of a simple operation and maintenance. In the pilot-scale process, the lower 1 mgKOH g −1 of acid value was achieved when it was conducted at the reaction time of 50 min. In the base-catalyzed transesterification (second-step) of pilot-scale process, the 98.65 wt.% of methyl ester purity was achieved when the following condition: 20 vol.% MeOH, 8 gKOH L −1 oil, and 60 min reaction time at 60 °C, was used to produce biodiesel.
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optimization of continuous acid catalyzed esterification for free fatty acids reduction in mixed crude Palm oil using static mixer coupled with high intensity ultrasonic irradiation
Energy Conversion and Management, 2013Co-Authors: Krit Somnuk, Pruittikorn Smithmaitrie, Gumpon PrateepchaikulAbstract:Abstract The major problem of biodiesel production from mixed crude Palm Oils (MCPOs) is the high free fatty acid (FFA) content. To achieve good conversion from MCPO to esters, the FFA should not exceed 1 wt.% or 2 mgKOH g −1 of acid value when using base-catalyzed transesterification to produce biodiesel. In this study, reduction of the acid value in MCPO with methanol in the presence of sulfuric acid as an acid-catalyst was performed in continuous esterification using static mixer coupled with ultrasonic reactor. A 1000 W ultrasonic homogenizer was operated at 18 kHz frequency in a 100 mL continuous-reactor. Response surface methodology (RSM); a 5-level, 2-factor, central composite design (CCD), was employed to optimize the two important reaction variables (methanol and sulfuric acid concentrations). To minimize chemical costs in order to reduce the acid value from 28 mgKOH g −1 to less than 2 mgKOH g −1 , 18 vol.% of methanol, 2.7 vol.% of sulfuric acid, and 20 L h −1 of MCPO flow rate are recommended.
Krit Somnuk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimization of high free fatty acid reduction in mixed crude Palm Oils using circulation process through static mixer reactor and pilot scale of two step process
Energy Conversion and Management, 2014Co-Authors: Krit Somnuk, Suhdee Niseng, Gumpon PrateepchaikulAbstract:Abstract High free fatty acid (FFA) reduction in mixed crude Palm oil (MCPO) was performed with methanol (MeOH) and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) as acid catalyst using the circulation process through static mixer reactor. In this study, the response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to optimize the acid value in esterified oil after esterification process (first-step) in lab-scale. The results showed that acid value was reduced from 30 mgKOH g −1 to 2 mgKOH g −1 , when 19.8 vol.% MeOH, 2.0 vol.% H 2 SO 4 , reaction temperature 60 °C, 40 L h −1 of MCPO, 50 min reaction time, and 5-m of static mixer in length, were used in the lab-scale. This recommended condition was used to develop the pilot-scale process in which the scaling up of the FFA reduction from 5 L MCPO of lab-scale to 60 L MCPO of pilot-scale, which was designed on the basis of a simple operation and maintenance. In the pilot-scale process, the lower 1 mgKOH g −1 of acid value was achieved when it was conducted at the reaction time of 50 min. In the base-catalyzed transesterification (second-step) of pilot-scale process, the 98.65 wt.% of methyl ester purity was achieved when the following condition: 20 vol.% MeOH, 8 gKOH L −1 oil, and 60 min reaction time at 60 °C, was used to produce biodiesel.
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optimization of continuous acid catalyzed esterification for free fatty acids reduction in mixed crude Palm oil using static mixer coupled with high intensity ultrasonic irradiation
Energy Conversion and Management, 2013Co-Authors: Krit Somnuk, Pruittikorn Smithmaitrie, Gumpon PrateepchaikulAbstract:Abstract The major problem of biodiesel production from mixed crude Palm Oils (MCPOs) is the high free fatty acid (FFA) content. To achieve good conversion from MCPO to esters, the FFA should not exceed 1 wt.% or 2 mgKOH g −1 of acid value when using base-catalyzed transesterification to produce biodiesel. In this study, reduction of the acid value in MCPO with methanol in the presence of sulfuric acid as an acid-catalyst was performed in continuous esterification using static mixer coupled with ultrasonic reactor. A 1000 W ultrasonic homogenizer was operated at 18 kHz frequency in a 100 mL continuous-reactor. Response surface methodology (RSM); a 5-level, 2-factor, central composite design (CCD), was employed to optimize the two important reaction variables (methanol and sulfuric acid concentrations). To minimize chemical costs in order to reduce the acid value from 28 mgKOH g −1 to less than 2 mgKOH g −1 , 18 vol.% of methanol, 2.7 vol.% of sulfuric acid, and 20 L h −1 of MCPO flow rate are recommended.
Camille Oger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Peripancreatic Adipose Tissue Remodeling and Inflammation during High Fat Intake of Palm Oils or Lard in Rats
Nutrients, 2021Co-Authors: Jonas Laget, Youzan Ferdinand Djohan, Laura Jeanson, Karen Muyor, Eric Badia, Jean-paul Cristol, Charles Coudray, Christine Feillet‐coudray, Claire Vigor, Camille OgerAbstract:Excessive fat consumption leads to the development of ectopic adipose tissues, affecting the organs they surround. Peripancreatic adipose tissue is implicated in glucose homeostasis regulation and can be impaired in obesity. High Palm oil consumption’s effects on health are still debated. We hypothesised that crude and refined Palm oil high-fat feeding may have contrasting effects on peripancreatic adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and lipid oxidation compound production in obese rats. In Wistar rats, morphological changes, inflammation and isoprostanoid production following oxidative stress were assessed in peripancreatic adipose tissue after 12 weeks of diets enriched in crude or refined Palm oil or lard (56% energy from fat in each case) versus a standard chow diet (11% energy from fat). Epididymal white and periaortic brown adipose tissues were also included in the study. A refined Palm oil diet disturbed glucose homeostasis and promoted lipid deposition in periaortic locations, as well as adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration and isoprostanoid (5-F2c-isoprostane and 7(RS)-ST-Δ8-11-dihomo-isofuran) production in peripancreatic adipose tissue. Crude Palm oil induced a lower impact on adipose deposits than its refined form and lard. Our results show that the antioxidant composition of crude Palm oil may have a protective effect on ectopic adipose tissues under the condition of excessive fat intake
Frederic Destaillats - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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glycidyl esters in refined Palm elaeis guineensis oil and related fractions part ii practical recommendations for effective mitigation
Food Chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Brian D Craft, Kornel Nagy, Walburga Seefelder, Mathieu Dubois, Frederic DestaillatsAbstract:Abstract In a previous work, it was shown that at high temperatures (up to 280 °C) glycidyl esters (GE) are formed from diacylglycerols (DAG) via elimination of free fatty acid (FFA). In the present study, the impact of DAG content and temperature on the formation of GE using a model vacuum system mimicking industrial edible oil deodorization is investigated. These deodorization experiments confirmed that the formation of GE from DAG is extensive at temperatures above 230–240 °C, and therefore, this value should be considered as an upper limit for refining operations. Furthermore, experimental data suggest that the formation of GE accelerates in particular when the DAG levels in refined Oils exceed 3–4% of total lipids. Analysis of the lipid composition of crude Palm oil (CPO) samples allowed the estimation that this critical DAG content corresponds to about 1.9–2.5% of FFA, which is the conventional quality marker of CPO. Moreover, high levels (>100 ppm) of GE were also found in Palm fatty acid distillate samples, which may indicate that the level of GE in fully refined Palm Oils also depends on the elimination rate of GE into the fatty acid distillate.
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factors impacting the formation of monochloropropanediol mcpd fatty acid diesters during Palm elaeis guineensis oil production
Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-chemistry Analysis Control Exposure & Risk Assessment, 2011Co-Authors: Brian D Craft, Kornel Nagy, Laurence Sandoz, Frederic DestaillatsAbstract:Recently, organic and inorganic chlorinated compounds were detected in crude and commercially refined Palm Oils. Further, the predominant formation mechanism of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) diesters at high temperatures (>170–180°C) was revealed. The present study involved the development and comparison of solutions to mitigate MCPD diester levels in Oils from various stages of Palm oil production. Partially refined Palm oil samples and oil extracted from fresh Palm fruits were submitted to bench-top deodorisation experiments. Application of glycerol and ethanol as refining aids during the deodorisation of refined-bleached Palm oil proved to be moderately effective; about 25%–35% reduction of MCPD diester levels was achieved. Washing crude Palm oil with ethanol–water (1:1) prior to deodorisation was also an effective strategy yielding an ∼30% reduction of MCPD diester contents. Washing Palm fruit pulp before oil extraction, however, was most impactful, resulting in a 95% reduction of MCPD diesters when co...
Youzan Ferdinand Djohan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Peripancreatic Adipose Tissue Remodeling and Inflammation during High Fat Intake of Palm Oils or Lard in Rats
Nutrients, 2021Co-Authors: Jonas Laget, Youzan Ferdinand Djohan, Laura Jeanson, Karen Muyor, Eric Badia, Jean-paul Cristol, Charles Coudray, Christine Feillet‐coudray, Claire Vigor, Camille OgerAbstract:Excessive fat consumption leads to the development of ectopic adipose tissues, affecting the organs they surround. Peripancreatic adipose tissue is implicated in glucose homeostasis regulation and can be impaired in obesity. High Palm oil consumption’s effects on health are still debated. We hypothesised that crude and refined Palm oil high-fat feeding may have contrasting effects on peripancreatic adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and lipid oxidation compound production in obese rats. In Wistar rats, morphological changes, inflammation and isoprostanoid production following oxidative stress were assessed in peripancreatic adipose tissue after 12 weeks of diets enriched in crude or refined Palm oil or lard (56% energy from fat in each case) versus a standard chow diet (11% energy from fat). Epididymal white and periaortic brown adipose tissues were also included in the study. A refined Palm oil diet disturbed glucose homeostasis and promoted lipid deposition in periaortic locations, as well as adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration and isoprostanoid (5-F2c-isoprostane and 7(RS)-ST-Δ8-11-dihomo-isofuran) production in peripancreatic adipose tissue. Crude Palm oil induced a lower impact on adipose deposits than its refined form and lard. Our results show that the antioxidant composition of crude Palm oil may have a protective effect on ectopic adipose tissues under the condition of excessive fat intake
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high dietary intake of Palm Oils compromises glucose tolerance whereas high dietary intake of olive oil compromises liver lipid metabolism and integrity
European Journal of Nutrition, 2019Co-Authors: Youzan Ferdinand Djohan, Eric Badia, Beatrice Bonafos, Gilles Fouret, Celine Lauret, Annemarie Dupuy, Edith Pinot, Thibault Sutra, Sylvie Gaillet, Karen LambertAbstract:Palm (PO) and olive Oils (OO) are the two most consumed and/or used Oils in the world for food elaboration. These Oils should not be confused with the solid Palm stearin which is widely used in pastry making. Large number of studies was reported dealing with adverse/beneficial cardiovascular effects of PO and OO, whereas few studies were conducted to compare their potential effects on hepatic steatosis and liver lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic effects of high intake of POs (both crude and refined) and virgin OO on surrogate parameters of glucose tolerance, hepatic lipid metabolism and liver integrity. Thirty-two young male Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups and fed either control diet (11% energy from fat) or three high-fat diets rich in crude or refined POs or in OO (56% energy from fat), during 12 weeks. Systemic blood and liver biochemical parameters linked to glucose and lipid metabolism as well as hepatic steatosis and liver fatty acid composition were explored. The inflammation and oxidative stress status as well as the expression of several genes/proteins were also analyzed. The major effects of POs intake concerned glucose metabolism and liver fatty acid composition, whereas the major effects of OO intake concerned hepatic TG accumulation, inflammation, and cytolysis. In conclusion, high dietary intake of PO compromises glucose tolerance whereas high dietary intake of OO compromises hepatic lipid composition and liver integrity. However, adverse hepatic effects of OO observed in this study may not be transposed to human since, (a) the rodent model could lead to different effects than those observed in humans and (b) the average normal OO amounts ingested in the population are lower than those corresponding to a high-fat diet. So, further studies are needed to determine a maximum non-invasive dietary intake of OO.