Panthera Onca

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Federico A Chinchilla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Claudia Wultsch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • population genetic structure and habitat connectivity for jaguar Panthera Onca conservation in central belize
    BMC Genetics, 2019
    Co-Authors: Anthony Caragiulo, Claudia Wultsch, Isabela Diasfreedman, Angelica Menchaca, Natalia A Rossi, Jeremy S P Froidevaux, Bart J Harmsen
    Abstract:

    Connectivity among jaguar (Panthera Onca) populations will ensure natural gene flow and the long-term survival of the species throughout its range. Jaguar conservation efforts have focused primarily on connecting suitable habitat in a broad-scale. Accelerated habitat reduction, human-wildlife conflict, limited funding, and the complexity of jaguar behaviour have proven challenging to maintain connectivity between populations effectively. Here, we used non-invasive genetic sampling and individual-based conservation genetic analyses to assess genetic diversity and levels of genetic connectivity between individuals in the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary and the Maya Forest Corridor. We used expert knowledge and scientific literature to develop models of landscape permeability based on circuit theory with fine-scale landscape features as ecosystem types, distance to human settlements and roads to predict the most probable jaguar movement across central Belize. We used 12 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci to identify 50 individual jaguars. We detected high levels of genetic diversity across loci (HE = 0.61, HO = 0.55, and NA = 9.33). Using Bayesian clustering and multivariate models to assess gene flow and genetic structure, we identified one single group of jaguars (K = 1). We identified critical areas for jaguar movement that fall outside the boundaries of current protected areas in central Belize. We detected two main areas of high landscape permeability in a stretch of approximately 18 km between Sittee River Forest Reserve and Manatee Forest Reserve that may increase functional connectivity and facilitate jaguar dispersal from and to Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary. Our analysis provides important insights on fine-scale genetic and landscape connectivity of jaguars in central Belize, an area of conservation concern. The results of our study demonstrate high levels of relatively recent gene flow for jaguars between two study sites in central Belize. Our landscape analysis detected corridors of expected jaguar movement between the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary and the Maya Forest Corridor. We highlight the importance of maintaining already established corridors and consolidating new areas that further promote jaguar movement across suitable habitat beyond the boundaries of currently protected areas. Continued conservation efforts within identified corridors will further maintain and increase genetic connectivity in central Belize.

  • genetic diversity and population structure of mesoamerican jaguars Panthera Onca implications for conservation and management
    PLOS ONE, 2016
    Co-Authors: Claudia Wultsch, Anthony Caragiulo, Salisa Rabinowitz, Howard Quigley, Isabela Diasfreedman, George Amato
    Abstract:

    Mesoamerican jaguars (Panthera Onca) have been extirpated from over 77% of their historic range, inhabiting fragmented landscapes at potentially reduced population sizes. Maintaining and restoring genetic diversity and connectivity across human-altered landscapes has become a major conservation priority; nonetheless large-scale genetic monitoring of natural populations is rare. This is the first regional conservation genetic study of jaguars to primarily use fecal samples collected in the wild across five Mesoamerican countries: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico. We genotyped 445 jaguar fecal samples and examined patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity among 115 individual jaguars using data from 12 microsatellite loci. Overall, moderate levels of genetic variation were detected (NA = 4.50 ± 1.05, AR = 3.43 ± 0.22, HE = 0.59 ± 0.04), with Mexico having the lowest genetic diversity, followed by Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, and Costa Rica. Population-based gene flow measures (FST = 0.09 to 0.15, Dest = 0.09 to 0.21), principal component analysis, and Bayesian clustering applied in a hierarchical framework revealed significant genetic structure in Mesoamerican jaguars, roughly grouping individuals into four genetic clusters with varying levels of admixture. Gene flow was highest among Selva Maya jaguars (northern Guatemala and central Belize), whereas genetic differentiation among all other sampling sites was moderate. Genetic subdivision was most pronounced between Selva Maya and Honduran jaguars, suggesting limited jaguar movement between these close geographic regions and ultimately refuting the hypothesis of contemporary panmixia. To maintain a critical linkage for jaguars dispersing through the Mesoamerican landscape and ensure long-term viability of this near threatened species, we recommend continued management and maintenance of jaguar corridors. The baseline genetic data provided by this study underscores the importance of understanding levels of genetic diversity and connectivity to making informed management and conservation decisions with the goal to maintain functional connectivity across the region.

  • noninvasive individual and species identification of jaguars Panthera Onca pumas puma concolor and ocelots leopardus pardalis in belize central america using cross species microsatellites and faecal dna
    Molecular Ecology Resources, 2014
    Co-Authors: Lisette P Waits, Claudia Wultsch, Marcella J Kelly
    Abstract:

    There is a great need to develop efficient, noninvasive genetic sampling methods to study wild populations of multiple, co-occurring, threatened felids. This is especially important for molecular scatology studies occurring in challenging tropical environments where DNA degrades quickly and the quality of faecal samples varies greatly. We optimized 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci for jaguars (Panthera Onca), pumas (Puma concolor) and ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) and assessed their utility for cross-species amplification. Additionally, we tested their reliability for species and individual identification using DNA from faeces of wild felids detected by a scat detector dog across Belize in Central America. All microsatellite loci were successfully amplified in the three target species, were polymorphic with average expected heterozygosities of HE = 0.60 ± 0.18 (SD) for jaguars, HE = 0.65 ± 0.21 (SD) for pumas and HE = 0.70 ± 0.13 (SD) for ocelots and had an overall PCR amplification success of 61%. We used this nuclear DNA primer set to successfully identify species and individuals from 49% of 1053 field-collected scat samples. This set of optimized microsatellite multiplexes represents a powerful tool for future efforts to conduct noninvasive studies on multiple, wild Neotropical felids.

Bart J Harmsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • population genetic structure and habitat connectivity for jaguar Panthera Onca conservation in central belize
    BMC Genetics, 2019
    Co-Authors: Anthony Caragiulo, Claudia Wultsch, Isabela Diasfreedman, Angelica Menchaca, Natalia A Rossi, Jeremy S P Froidevaux, Bart J Harmsen
    Abstract:

    Connectivity among jaguar (Panthera Onca) populations will ensure natural gene flow and the long-term survival of the species throughout its range. Jaguar conservation efforts have focused primarily on connecting suitable habitat in a broad-scale. Accelerated habitat reduction, human-wildlife conflict, limited funding, and the complexity of jaguar behaviour have proven challenging to maintain connectivity between populations effectively. Here, we used non-invasive genetic sampling and individual-based conservation genetic analyses to assess genetic diversity and levels of genetic connectivity between individuals in the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary and the Maya Forest Corridor. We used expert knowledge and scientific literature to develop models of landscape permeability based on circuit theory with fine-scale landscape features as ecosystem types, distance to human settlements and roads to predict the most probable jaguar movement across central Belize. We used 12 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci to identify 50 individual jaguars. We detected high levels of genetic diversity across loci (HE = 0.61, HO = 0.55, and NA = 9.33). Using Bayesian clustering and multivariate models to assess gene flow and genetic structure, we identified one single group of jaguars (K = 1). We identified critical areas for jaguar movement that fall outside the boundaries of current protected areas in central Belize. We detected two main areas of high landscape permeability in a stretch of approximately 18 km between Sittee River Forest Reserve and Manatee Forest Reserve that may increase functional connectivity and facilitate jaguar dispersal from and to Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary. Our analysis provides important insights on fine-scale genetic and landscape connectivity of jaguars in central Belize, an area of conservation concern. The results of our study demonstrate high levels of relatively recent gene flow for jaguars between two study sites in central Belize. Our landscape analysis detected corridors of expected jaguar movement between the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary and the Maya Forest Corridor. We highlight the importance of maintaining already established corridors and consolidating new areas that further promote jaguar movement across suitable habitat beyond the boundaries of currently protected areas. Continued conservation efforts within identified corridors will further maintain and increase genetic connectivity in central Belize.

  • scrape marking behavior of jaguars Panthera Onca and pumas puma concolor
    Journal of Mammalogy, 2010
    Co-Authors: Rebecca J Foster, Said M Gutierrez, Silverio Y Marin, Bart J Harmsen, Patrick C Doncaster
    Abstract:

    Marking behaviors of jaguars (Panthera Onca) and pumas (Puma concolor) were investigated by linking sign from transect surveys to species, sex, and individual detected by camera traps along trails in the Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary, Belize. The most commonly encountered big-cat signs were scrape marks. These were produced by cats raking the ground with their feet. Scrapes were associated more strongly with presence of male pumas than with female pumas or jaguars of either sex. Scats found in scrapes were genotyped to species level and indicated that jaguars produced larger scrapes than pumas and that pumas were more likely to scrape with their hind feet than with front feet. Scrapes were spatially clustered along trails, indicating that individuals scrape in response to other scrapes in the same area. High scraping frequencies were not associated with the presence of specific individuals, suggesting that scrape-marking behavior does not signal dominance in this area.

  • spatial and temporal interactions of sympatric jaguars Panthera Onca and pumas puma concolor in a neotropical forest
    Journal of Mammalogy, 2009
    Co-Authors: Rebecca J Foster, Bart J Harmsen, Scott C Silver, Linde E T Ostro, Patrick C Doncaster
    Abstract:

    We used extensive camera-trap surveys to study interindividual interactions among individually recognizable jaguars (Panthera Onca) and plain-colored pumas (Puma concolor). Timed location data from a network of 119 trap stations in the Cockscomb Basin of Belize provide the 1st evidence of interspecific avoidance calibrated against intraspecific interactions among jaguars. Camera trapping has advantages over radiotelemetry in its potential to provide data on the complete array of individuals within the study area. The 23 individually identified male jaguars showed high levels of overlap in ranges, with up to 5 different males captured at the same location in the same month. Low levels of avoidance between individuals and a high flux of individuals contributed to low consistency in home-range ownership over the long term (3 months to 2 years). Jaguars and pumas had similar nocturnal activity schedules. Both species used similar habitats within the Cockscomb Basin, indicated by a high correlation in capture rates per location between species. Apart from their overall spatial similarities, jaguars and pumas avoided using the same location at the same time. This interspecific segregation was detectable over and above the spatial and temporal segregation of individual jaguars.

Ivan Liratorres - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • registro actual del jaguar Panthera Onca carnivora felidae en el parque nacional cumbres de monterrey nuevo leon mexico
    Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad, 2016
    Co-Authors: Rogelio Carreratrevino, Miguel Brionessalas, Juan J Cavazos, Ivan Liratorres
    Abstract:

    Resumen Presentamos los primeros registros de jaguar Panthera Onca (Carnivora: Felidae) para el Parque Nacional Cumbres de Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Entre los anos 2013 a 2015 se colocaron camaras trampa en los bosques templados del parque. Se obtuvieron 15 fotografias y 7 videos de varios individuos de la especie, que evidencian la presencia de una poblacion dentro del parque nacional y que representa la poblacion residente de jaguares mas al norte de su area de distribucion, por la vertiente del golfo de Mexico. Por esta razon resulta necesario fortalecer acciones de proteccion ambiental para asegurar la conservacion de esta poblacion como: promover el pago de servicios ambientales, implementar el pago del seguro ganadero, capacitar a comites de vigilancia comunitarios y atender las denuncias sobre conflictos por depredacion de ganado domestico en esta area.

  • distribucion actual y potencial del jaguar Panthera Onca en oaxaca mexico
    Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad, 2012
    Co-Authors: Miguel Brionessalas, Mario C Lavariega, Ivan Liratorres
    Abstract:

    En Oaxaca son escasos los registros que se conocen del jaguar (Panthera Onca), por lo que en este trabajo se actualiza su distribucion geografica y genera un modelo de distribucion potencial de la especie en el estado. Se revisaron literatura y bases de datos de colecciones cientificas nacionales y extranjeras y se realizo trabajo de campo. Se obtuvieron 31 registros; de estos, el 83.87% son del trabajo de campo y el 16.13% de la literatura y colecciones cientificas. Los registros pertenecen a la clase I de veracidad; son principalmente craneos y pieles (48.39%), huellas y excrementos (25.81%), en su mayoria de las regiones de la Sierra Madre de Oaxaca (53.33%) y de la Sierra Madre del Sur de Oaxaca y Chiapas (13.33%), en los municipios de Santiago Camotlan y Santa Maria Chimalapa, respectivamente. El 30% de estos registros proviene de bosque mesofilo de montana. Las areas comunales protegidas resultan una excelente estrategia de conservacion, ya que dentro o cerca a ellas se encontro la mayor parte de los registros. El mapa de distribucion potencial muestra 5 grandes regiones con alta probabilidad de presencia de la especie.

Chinchilla, Federico A. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • La dieta del jaguar (Panthera Onca), el puma (Felis concolor) y el manigordo (Felis pardalis) (Carnivora: Felidae) en el Parque Nacional Corcovado, Costa Rica
    'Universidad de Costa Rica', 2016
    Co-Authors: Chinchilla, Federico A.
    Abstract:

    Mediante análisis de excretas se estudio la dieta del jaguar (Panthera Onca), el puma (Felis concolor) y el manigordo (Felis pardalis) en el Parque Nacional Corcovado, Costa Rica, entre agosto de 1993 y junio de 1994. Los mamíferos fueron las presas principales, mientras que los reptiles y las aves resultaron menos importantes de acuerdo a la frecuencia relativa de aparición y biomasa estimada relativa. Las presas del jaguar y el puma resultaron ser especies de más de 2500 g de masa corporal, mientras que las del manigordo, cuya presa principal fue la rata espinosa Proechimys semispinosus, fueron especies de menos de 2500 g de masa corporal. No se observaron cambios importantes en la alimentación durante el período de estudio, no obstante la diversidad trófica del jaguar y del manigordo se incrementaron en la estación seca.The diets of the jaguar (Panthera Onca), the puma (Felis concolor) and the ocelot (Felis pardalis) were studiedin a tropical rainforest in Corcovado National Parle, South Pacific belt of Costa Rica, from August 1993 to June 1994. A total of 50 Km of trails were examined month1y for fecal material. Analysis of relative frequency of ocUrrence and telative estimation bionlass in the fecal samples showed that mammals were the main preys of the three feüds, while reptiles and birds were less important. The preys of jaguar and puma have body weights aboye 2500g, and the preys of ocelot, whose main prey was the spiny rat, Proechimys semispinosus, less than 2500g. Thete wéteno important changes in foad habits during the stu'dy, although trophic diversity of jaguar and ocelot increase during the dry seasons

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