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Eduardo Lauria - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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correction to crustal motion in the zone of the 1960 chile earthquake detangling earthquake cycle deformation and forearc sliver translation
Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 2008Co-Authors: Kelin Wang, Michael Bevis, Eric Kendrick, Robert Smalley, Rodrigo Barriga Vargas, Yan Hu, Eduardo LauriaAbstract:Temporary deformation in great earthquake cycles and permanent shear deformation associated with oblique plate convergence both provide critical clues for understanding geodynamics and earthquake hazard at subduction zones. In the region affected by the Mw 9.5 great Chile earthquake of 1960, we have obtained GPS observations that provide information on both types of deformation. Our velocity solutions for the first time span the entire latitudinal range of the 1960 earthquake. The new observations revealed a pattern of opposing (roughly arc-normal) motion of coastal and inland sites, consistent with what was reported earlier for the northern part of this region. This finding supports the model of prolonged postseismic deformation as a result of viscoelastic stress relaxation in the mantle. The new observations also provide the first geodetic evidence for the dextral motion of an intravolcanic arc fault system and the consequent northward translation of a forearc sliver. The sliver motion can be modeled using a rate of 6.5 mm/a, accommodating about 75% of the margin-Parallel Component of Nazca–South America relative plate motion, with the rate diminishing to the north. Furthermore, the new GPS observations show a southward decrease in margin-normal velocities of the coastal area. We prefer explaining the southward decrease in terms of changes in the width or frictional properties of the megathrust seismogenic zone. Because of the much younger age of the subducting plate and warmer thermal regime in the south, the currently locked portion of the plate interface may be narrower. Using a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model of postseismic and interseismic deformation following the 1960 earthquake, we demonstrate that this explanation, although not unique, is consistent with the GPS observations to the first order.
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crustal motion in the zone of the 1960 chile earthquake detangling earthquake cycle deformation and forearc sliver translation
Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 2007Co-Authors: Kelin Wang, Michael Bevis, Eric Kendrick, Robert Smalley, Rodrigo Barriga Vargas, Eduardo LauriaAbstract:Temporary deformation in great earthquake cycles and permanent shear deformation associated with oblique plate convergence both provide critical clues for understanding geodynamics and earthquake hazard at subduction zones. In the region affected by the Mw 9.5 great Chile earthquake of 1960, we have obtained GPS observations that provide information on both types of deformation. Our velocity solutions for the first time span the entire latitudinal range of the 1960 earthquake. The new observations revealed a pattern of opposing (roughly arc-normal) motion of coastal and inland sites, consistent with what was reported earlier for the northern part of this region. This finding supports the model of prolonged postseismic deformation as a result of viscoelastic stress relaxation in the mantle. The new observations also provide the first geodetic evidence for the dextral motion of an intravolcanic arc fault system and the consequent northward translation of a forearc sliver. The sliver motion can be modeled using a rate of 6.5 mm/a, accommodating about 75% of the margin-Parallel Component of Nazca–South America relative plate motion, with the rate diminishing to the north. Furthermore, the new GPS observations show a southward decrease in margin-normal velocities of the coastal area. We prefer explaining the southward decrease in terms of changes in the width or frictional properties of the megathrust seismogenic zone. Because of the much younger age of the subducting plate and warmer thermal regime in the south, the currently locked portion of the plate interface may be narrower. Using a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model of postseismic and interseismic deformation following the 1960 earthquake, we demonstrate that this explanation, although not unique, is consistent with the GPS observations to the first order.
Kelin Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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correction to crustal motion in the zone of the 1960 chile earthquake detangling earthquake cycle deformation and forearc sliver translation
Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 2008Co-Authors: Kelin Wang, Michael Bevis, Eric Kendrick, Robert Smalley, Rodrigo Barriga Vargas, Yan Hu, Eduardo LauriaAbstract:Temporary deformation in great earthquake cycles and permanent shear deformation associated with oblique plate convergence both provide critical clues for understanding geodynamics and earthquake hazard at subduction zones. In the region affected by the Mw 9.5 great Chile earthquake of 1960, we have obtained GPS observations that provide information on both types of deformation. Our velocity solutions for the first time span the entire latitudinal range of the 1960 earthquake. The new observations revealed a pattern of opposing (roughly arc-normal) motion of coastal and inland sites, consistent with what was reported earlier for the northern part of this region. This finding supports the model of prolonged postseismic deformation as a result of viscoelastic stress relaxation in the mantle. The new observations also provide the first geodetic evidence for the dextral motion of an intravolcanic arc fault system and the consequent northward translation of a forearc sliver. The sliver motion can be modeled using a rate of 6.5 mm/a, accommodating about 75% of the margin-Parallel Component of Nazca–South America relative plate motion, with the rate diminishing to the north. Furthermore, the new GPS observations show a southward decrease in margin-normal velocities of the coastal area. We prefer explaining the southward decrease in terms of changes in the width or frictional properties of the megathrust seismogenic zone. Because of the much younger age of the subducting plate and warmer thermal regime in the south, the currently locked portion of the plate interface may be narrower. Using a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model of postseismic and interseismic deformation following the 1960 earthquake, we demonstrate that this explanation, although not unique, is consistent with the GPS observations to the first order.
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crustal motion in the zone of the 1960 chile earthquake detangling earthquake cycle deformation and forearc sliver translation
Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 2007Co-Authors: Kelin Wang, Michael Bevis, Eric Kendrick, Robert Smalley, Rodrigo Barriga Vargas, Eduardo LauriaAbstract:Temporary deformation in great earthquake cycles and permanent shear deformation associated with oblique plate convergence both provide critical clues for understanding geodynamics and earthquake hazard at subduction zones. In the region affected by the Mw 9.5 great Chile earthquake of 1960, we have obtained GPS observations that provide information on both types of deformation. Our velocity solutions for the first time span the entire latitudinal range of the 1960 earthquake. The new observations revealed a pattern of opposing (roughly arc-normal) motion of coastal and inland sites, consistent with what was reported earlier for the northern part of this region. This finding supports the model of prolonged postseismic deformation as a result of viscoelastic stress relaxation in the mantle. The new observations also provide the first geodetic evidence for the dextral motion of an intravolcanic arc fault system and the consequent northward translation of a forearc sliver. The sliver motion can be modeled using a rate of 6.5 mm/a, accommodating about 75% of the margin-Parallel Component of Nazca–South America relative plate motion, with the rate diminishing to the north. Furthermore, the new GPS observations show a southward decrease in margin-normal velocities of the coastal area. We prefer explaining the southward decrease in terms of changes in the width or frictional properties of the megathrust seismogenic zone. Because of the much younger age of the subducting plate and warmer thermal regime in the south, the currently locked portion of the plate interface may be narrower. Using a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model of postseismic and interseismic deformation following the 1960 earthquake, we demonstrate that this explanation, although not unique, is consistent with the GPS observations to the first order.
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stresses in the subducting slab beneath southwest japan and relation with plate geometry tectonic forces slab dehydration and damaging earthquakes
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2004Co-Authors: Kelin Wang, Ikuko Wada, Yuzo IshikawaAbstract:[1] We infer stresses in the subducting slab beneath southwest Japan from focal mechanisms and discuss their geodynamical implications. The majority of the 824 fault plane solutions used in this study were obtained by the Japan Meteorological Agency for earthquakes that occurred during 1970–2002 and were previously unpublished. The focal mechanisms are believed to reflect stresses in both the untransformed slab crust and the slab mantle. The stresses are controlled by tectonic forces, and the earthquakes are facilitated by local dehydration. The slab experiences a regional E–W stretch, that is, downdip and margin-Parallel tension at the Kyushu and Nankai margins, respectively. We propose that the margin-Parallel Component of mantle resistance to the obliquely subducting young slab at Nankai provides an easterly stretch, acting against the westerly slab pull of the older and colder part of the slab at northern Kyushu. Despite the complex slab geometry along the Nankai margin the direction of tension is largely Parallel with the local strike of the slab, indicating that the slab is a stress guide. The complex slab geometry is not related to the present stress regime but likely reflects severe deformation in the past when an extremely young and incompetent plate was forced to subduct against its own buoyancy. The maximum margin-Parallel stretch and a sharp bending of the slab both occur in the area of the 2001 M 6.7 Geiyo earthquake. Using a simple strength envelope model, we demonstrate that normal-faulting failure of the slab mantle can occur under such conditions.
Michael Bevis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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correction to crustal motion in the zone of the 1960 chile earthquake detangling earthquake cycle deformation and forearc sliver translation
Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 2008Co-Authors: Kelin Wang, Michael Bevis, Eric Kendrick, Robert Smalley, Rodrigo Barriga Vargas, Yan Hu, Eduardo LauriaAbstract:Temporary deformation in great earthquake cycles and permanent shear deformation associated with oblique plate convergence both provide critical clues for understanding geodynamics and earthquake hazard at subduction zones. In the region affected by the Mw 9.5 great Chile earthquake of 1960, we have obtained GPS observations that provide information on both types of deformation. Our velocity solutions for the first time span the entire latitudinal range of the 1960 earthquake. The new observations revealed a pattern of opposing (roughly arc-normal) motion of coastal and inland sites, consistent with what was reported earlier for the northern part of this region. This finding supports the model of prolonged postseismic deformation as a result of viscoelastic stress relaxation in the mantle. The new observations also provide the first geodetic evidence for the dextral motion of an intravolcanic arc fault system and the consequent northward translation of a forearc sliver. The sliver motion can be modeled using a rate of 6.5 mm/a, accommodating about 75% of the margin-Parallel Component of Nazca–South America relative plate motion, with the rate diminishing to the north. Furthermore, the new GPS observations show a southward decrease in margin-normal velocities of the coastal area. We prefer explaining the southward decrease in terms of changes in the width or frictional properties of the megathrust seismogenic zone. Because of the much younger age of the subducting plate and warmer thermal regime in the south, the currently locked portion of the plate interface may be narrower. Using a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model of postseismic and interseismic deformation following the 1960 earthquake, we demonstrate that this explanation, although not unique, is consistent with the GPS observations to the first order.
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crustal motion in the zone of the 1960 chile earthquake detangling earthquake cycle deformation and forearc sliver translation
Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 2007Co-Authors: Kelin Wang, Michael Bevis, Eric Kendrick, Robert Smalley, Rodrigo Barriga Vargas, Eduardo LauriaAbstract:Temporary deformation in great earthquake cycles and permanent shear deformation associated with oblique plate convergence both provide critical clues for understanding geodynamics and earthquake hazard at subduction zones. In the region affected by the Mw 9.5 great Chile earthquake of 1960, we have obtained GPS observations that provide information on both types of deformation. Our velocity solutions for the first time span the entire latitudinal range of the 1960 earthquake. The new observations revealed a pattern of opposing (roughly arc-normal) motion of coastal and inland sites, consistent with what was reported earlier for the northern part of this region. This finding supports the model of prolonged postseismic deformation as a result of viscoelastic stress relaxation in the mantle. The new observations also provide the first geodetic evidence for the dextral motion of an intravolcanic arc fault system and the consequent northward translation of a forearc sliver. The sliver motion can be modeled using a rate of 6.5 mm/a, accommodating about 75% of the margin-Parallel Component of Nazca–South America relative plate motion, with the rate diminishing to the north. Furthermore, the new GPS observations show a southward decrease in margin-normal velocities of the coastal area. We prefer explaining the southward decrease in terms of changes in the width or frictional properties of the megathrust seismogenic zone. Because of the much younger age of the subducting plate and warmer thermal regime in the south, the currently locked portion of the plate interface may be narrower. Using a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model of postseismic and interseismic deformation following the 1960 earthquake, we demonstrate that this explanation, although not unique, is consistent with the GPS observations to the first order.
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new insights on the tectonics along the new hebrides subduction zone based on gps results
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2003Co-Authors: Stephane Calmant, Bernard Pelletier, Pierre Lebellegard, Michael Bevis, Frederick W Taylor, David PhillipsAbstract:[1] At the New Hebrides (NH) subduction zone, ridges born by the subducting Australia plate enter the trench and collide with the overriding margin. Results from GPS surveys conducted on both sides of the trench and new bathymetry maps of the NH archipelago bring new light on the complex tectonics of this area. Convergence vectors present large variations that are not explained by Australia/Pacific (A/P) poles and that define four segments. Vectors remain mostly perpendicular to the trench and Parallel to the earthquake slip vectors. Slow convergence (i.e., 30–40 mm/yr) is found at the central segment facing the D'Entrecasteaux Ridge. The southern segment moves faster than A/P motion predicts (89 to 124 mm/yr). Relatively to a western North Fiji basin (WNFB) reference, the northern and southern segments rotate in opposite directions, consistently with the extension observed in the troughs east of both segments. Both rotations combine in Central Vanuatu into an eastward translation that “bulldozes” the central segment into the WNFB at ∼55 mm/yr. That model suggests that the motion of the central segment, forced by the subduction/collision of the D'Entrecasteaux ridge, influences the motion of the adjoining segments. The New Caledonia archipelago is motionless with respect to the rest of the Australia plate despite the incipient interaction between the Loyalty ridge and the NH margin. Southeast of the interaction area, convergence is partitioned into a ∼50 mm/yr trench-normal Component accommodated at the trench and a ∼90 mm/yr trench-Parallel Component, close to the A/P convergence, and presumably accommodated by a transform boundary at the rear of the NH arc.
M Urbanik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the large scale magnetic field structure of the spiral galaxy ngc 5775
Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2011Co-Authors: M Soida, Martin Krause, R J Dettmar, M UrbanikAbstract:Context. The origin of large-scale magnetic fields in spiral galaxies is still a theoretical riddle and better observational constraints are required to make further progress. Aims. In order to better determine the large-scale 3D-structure of magnetic fields in spiral galaxies we present a Faraday rotation analysis of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 5775. Methods. Deep radio-continuum observations in total power and linear polarization were performed at 8.46 GHz with the VLA and the 100-m Effelsberg telescope. They were analyzed together with archival 4.86 and 1.49 GHz VLA-data. We thus can derive rotation measures from a comparison of three frequencies and determine the intrinsic magnetic field structure. Results. A very extended halo is detected in NGC 5775, with magnetic field lines forming an X-shaped structure. Close to the galactic disk the magnetic field is plane-Parallel. The scaleheights of the radio emission esimated for NGC 5775 are comaprable with other galaxies. The rotation measure distribution varies smoothly on both sides along the major axis from positive to negative values. Conclusions. From the derived distribution of rotation measures and the plane-Parallel intrinsic magnetic field orientation along the galactic midplane we conclude that NGC 5775 has an even axisymmetric large-scale magnetic field configuration in the disk as generated by an αΩ-dynamo which is accompanied by a quadrupolar poloidal field. The magnetic field lines of the plane-Parallel Component are pointing outwards. The observed X-shaped halo magnetic field, however, cannot be explained by the action of the disk’s mean-field dynamo alone. It is probably due to the influence of the galactic wind together with the dynamo action.
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the large scale magnetic field structure of the spiral galaxy ngc 5775
arXiv: Astrophysics of Galaxies, 2011Co-Authors: M Soida, Martin Krause, R J Dettmar, M UrbanikAbstract:In order to better determine the large-scale 3D-structure of magnetic fields in spiral galaxies we present a Faraday rotation analysis of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 5775. Deep radio-continuum observations in total power and linear polarization were performed at 8.46 GHz with the VLA and the 100-m Effelsberg telescope. They were analyzed together with archival 4.86 and 1.49 GHz VLA-data. We thus can derive rotation measures from a comparison of three frequencies and determine the intrinsic magnetic field structure. A very extended halo is detected in NGC 5775, with magnetic field lines forming an X-shaped structure. Close to the galactic disk the magnetic field is plane-Parallel. The scaleheights of the radio emission esimated for NGC 5775 are comaprable with other galaxies. The rotation measure distribution varies smoothly on both sides along the major axis from positive to negative values. From the derived distribution of rotation measures and the plane-Parallel intrinsic magnetic field orientation along the galactic midplane we conclude that NGC 5775 has an 'even axisymmetric' large-scale magnetic field configuration in the disk as generated by an \alpha \Omega -dynamo which is accompanied by a quadrupolar poloidal field. The magnetic field lines of the plane-Parallel Component are pointing 'outwards'. The observed X-shaped halo magnetic field, however, cannot be explained by the action of the disk's mean-field dynamo alone. It is probably due to the influence of the galactic wind together with the dynamo action.
Eric Kendrick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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correction to crustal motion in the zone of the 1960 chile earthquake detangling earthquake cycle deformation and forearc sliver translation
Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 2008Co-Authors: Kelin Wang, Michael Bevis, Eric Kendrick, Robert Smalley, Rodrigo Barriga Vargas, Yan Hu, Eduardo LauriaAbstract:Temporary deformation in great earthquake cycles and permanent shear deformation associated with oblique plate convergence both provide critical clues for understanding geodynamics and earthquake hazard at subduction zones. In the region affected by the Mw 9.5 great Chile earthquake of 1960, we have obtained GPS observations that provide information on both types of deformation. Our velocity solutions for the first time span the entire latitudinal range of the 1960 earthquake. The new observations revealed a pattern of opposing (roughly arc-normal) motion of coastal and inland sites, consistent with what was reported earlier for the northern part of this region. This finding supports the model of prolonged postseismic deformation as a result of viscoelastic stress relaxation in the mantle. The new observations also provide the first geodetic evidence for the dextral motion of an intravolcanic arc fault system and the consequent northward translation of a forearc sliver. The sliver motion can be modeled using a rate of 6.5 mm/a, accommodating about 75% of the margin-Parallel Component of Nazca–South America relative plate motion, with the rate diminishing to the north. Furthermore, the new GPS observations show a southward decrease in margin-normal velocities of the coastal area. We prefer explaining the southward decrease in terms of changes in the width or frictional properties of the megathrust seismogenic zone. Because of the much younger age of the subducting plate and warmer thermal regime in the south, the currently locked portion of the plate interface may be narrower. Using a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model of postseismic and interseismic deformation following the 1960 earthquake, we demonstrate that this explanation, although not unique, is consistent with the GPS observations to the first order.
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crustal motion in the zone of the 1960 chile earthquake detangling earthquake cycle deformation and forearc sliver translation
Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 2007Co-Authors: Kelin Wang, Michael Bevis, Eric Kendrick, Robert Smalley, Rodrigo Barriga Vargas, Eduardo LauriaAbstract:Temporary deformation in great earthquake cycles and permanent shear deformation associated with oblique plate convergence both provide critical clues for understanding geodynamics and earthquake hazard at subduction zones. In the region affected by the Mw 9.5 great Chile earthquake of 1960, we have obtained GPS observations that provide information on both types of deformation. Our velocity solutions for the first time span the entire latitudinal range of the 1960 earthquake. The new observations revealed a pattern of opposing (roughly arc-normal) motion of coastal and inland sites, consistent with what was reported earlier for the northern part of this region. This finding supports the model of prolonged postseismic deformation as a result of viscoelastic stress relaxation in the mantle. The new observations also provide the first geodetic evidence for the dextral motion of an intravolcanic arc fault system and the consequent northward translation of a forearc sliver. The sliver motion can be modeled using a rate of 6.5 mm/a, accommodating about 75% of the margin-Parallel Component of Nazca–South America relative plate motion, with the rate diminishing to the north. Furthermore, the new GPS observations show a southward decrease in margin-normal velocities of the coastal area. We prefer explaining the southward decrease in terms of changes in the width or frictional properties of the megathrust seismogenic zone. Because of the much younger age of the subducting plate and warmer thermal regime in the south, the currently locked portion of the plate interface may be narrower. Using a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model of postseismic and interseismic deformation following the 1960 earthquake, we demonstrate that this explanation, although not unique, is consistent with the GPS observations to the first order.
